Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability %, genetic advance and GA% of mean
Among the ten characters, five of them showed significant variation (Table 1). In GCV, PCV and GA the value <10 = Low, 10-20= Moderate and >20 = High in nature. In case of heritability the value >60 = High, 30-59= Moderate and <30= Low
(Johnson et al., 1955). According to this scale, the following data were represented.
Traits like pods/plant, 100 seed weight, Harvest index andseed yield/plant showed very high GCV wile pod length shows low GCV and other character shows moderate GCV. High PCV was exhibited by traits like pods/plant, 100 seed weight, Harvest index andseed yield/plant, whereas other character shows moderate PCV (Table 2).
Similarly, very high heritability % was exhibited by traits like 1
st flowering, 50% flowering, plant height, pods/plant, seeds/pod and 100 seed weight. On the other hand, moderate heritability % was found in traits like branches/plant, pod length, harvest index and seed yield/plant. Very high GA was found in traits like pods/ plant while moderate GA was exhibited by 1
st flowering and 50% flowering and all other character shows low GA. Traits like pods/plant, seed/pod, 100 seed weight, harvest index and seed yield showed very high GA% of meanwhile characteristics like pod length showed meagre GA% of mean (Table 2).
Hence from the above study, it can thus be observed that traits like pods/plant, seed yield, 100 seed weight and harvest index showed very high GCV and PCV values. The traits like pods/plant, harvest index and seed yield per plant have a massive difference between its GCV and PCV; thus, it means high environmental factors take place in those characters.
Similar findings for variability were reported by
(Reddy et al., 2016) for 50% flowering,
(Pandey et al., 2015) for no of pods per plant, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight,
(Gautam et al., 2014) for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, pods per plant and seed yield per plant,
(Singh et al., 2012) for seed yield per plant, 100 seed weight, number of pods per plant, biological yield and harvest index,
(Dugassa et al., 2014) for number of pods per plant,
(Kanouni 2016) for Seed yield, number of seed per pod and 100 seed weight,
(Choudhary et al., 2016) for plant height.
Correlation coefficient analysis
Genotypic correlation
As displayed in (Table 3), it has been observed that seed yield/plant is negatively correlated with 1
st flowering and 50% flowering. While significant and positive correlation with seed yield/plant was attained by plant height, pods/plant, pod length, 100 seed weight and harvest index and positive correlation with seed yield/plant is observed in branches/plant and seeds/pod. Significant correlation with grain yield also attained by
Reddy et al., (2017), Omer et al., (2016), Choudhury et al., (2016), Kumar and Srivastava (2015),
Mekonnen et al., (2014), Jahani et al., (2014).
Phenotypic correlation
In phenotypic correlation (Table 4) like genotypic correlation, 1
st flowering and 50% flowering shows a negative correlation with seed yield/plant. Characters like branches/plant, pod length and seeds per pod show a positive correlation with seed yield/plant, while the significant positive correlation with seed yield/plant was attained by plant height, pods/plant, 100 seed weight and harvest index. Similar findings were reported by
Tadesse et al., (2014), Kumar and Solanki (2014),
Jeberson et al., (2015).
Environmental correlation
In Table 5, the traits like 1
st flowering, 50% flowering, plant height, branches/plant, seeds/pod, 100 seed weight show a positive correlation with seed yield/plant while a significant positive correlation with seed yield/plant was attained by characters like pods/plant and harvest index. A negative correlation with seed yield/plant was observed by pod length. Significant correlation with other characters like 1
st flowering with 50% flowering and plant height with pods/plant also observed. Same things were previously reported by
Omer et al., 2016, Choudhury et al., 2016, Pandey et al., 2015, Kumar and Srivastava 2015.
By studying the genotypic, phenotypic and environmental correlation it has been observed that in all the case pods/plant and harvest index were a significantly positive correlation with seed yield, hence the above study those traits can be chosen for the selection of desired genotypes. In the case of genotypic and phenotypic correlation, the traits like plant height and 100 seed weight have a significant positive correlation with seed yield; thus, those characters are idle to select desired genotypes.
Path coefficient analysis
The residual effect is 0.268 (Table 6) suggests that it is in the range of moderate, which indicates that some more characters contribute to grain yield that needs to be studied.
The data revealed (Table 6) that 50% flowering (0.038), plant height (0.243), branches/plant (0.163), pods/plant (0.342), pod length (0.279), 100 seed weight (0.096) and harvest index (0.531) have positive direct effect on seed yield per plant which indicates that they are the main contributors to yield. These characters also produce positive effects of different magnitude when the correlations of most characteristics with seed yield. Similar direct and indirect effects were reported by
Mekonnen et al., (2014), Nath et al., (2014), Singh and Srivastava (2013),
Nimbalkar et al., (2017), Tadesse et al., (2016), Rajkumar et al., (2014).
By studying the above statement, it can say that the traits 50% flowering, plant height, branches/plant, pods/plant, pod length, 100 seed weight and harvest index have a positive direct effect on seed yield; thus those traits can be used for selection of desired genotypes.
