Legume Research

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Research Article

Legume Research, volume 44 issue 7 (july 2021) : 824-828

Effect of organic sources of nutrients, humic acid and sea weed extracts on growth and yield of French bean varieties

Ujyol Rai1, Suchand Datta1,*, Ranjit Chatterjee1, Adarsh Thapa1
1Department of Vegetable and Spice Crops, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswaviyalaya, Pundibari-736 165, West Bengal, India.

  • Submitted15-04-2019|

  • Accepted16-05-2019|

  • First Online 14-08-2019|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-4152

Cite article:- Rai Ujyol, Datta Suchand, Chatterjee Ranjit, Thapa Adarsh (2021). Effect of organic sources of nutrients, humic acid and sea weed extracts on growth and yield of French bean varieties . Legume Research. 44(7): 824-828. doi: 10.18805/LR-4152.

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2016-17 and 2017-18 to study the effect of various organic nutrient sources on French bean varieties. Experimental findings revealed that the addition of bio stimulants and vermicompost increased the yield and quality of the fresh pods however flowering and days to first harvesting were delayed. Regarding the combination of organic nutrient sources, O6 (Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB + Sea weed extract) resulted in better growth attributes viz., plant height, number of primary branches and dry weight of the nodules. Yield attributes like pod length and pod width were maximum in O2 (Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB) while regarding the number of pods per plant, yield per plant and yield per ha, O5 (Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB + Humic acid) were superior. Among the three varieties, the performance of Victoria (V1) was preeminent. Eventually considering the yield (79.3 g/plant) and BCR (2.7), Victoria along with the combination of FYM + Rhizobium + PSB + Sea weed extract might be suitable for the terai region of West Bengal.

INTRODUCTION

French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most popular and widely grown vegetables in India because of its short duration and high nutritive values. It is a cheap source of vegetable protein, vitamins and minerals like calcium and iron. Consumption of common bean has been associated with reduced risk of some disease such as coronary heart and cancer (Vincent Nyau, 2014).
       
In India, the French bean productivity is low due to improper cultivation practices and an inadequate fertilization. The modern day intensive crop cultivation requires the use of chemical fertilizers. The excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture is an issue of concern. It causes, high level of pollution of groundwater (Ramana et al., 2010). Organic fertilizers can be used in place of mineral fertilizers, improving the quality of vegetables as well as human health. Application of organic nutrient has a positive effect on green bean growth and production (Abdel-Mawgoud, 2006) and provide a quality produce for human consumption by reducing the chemical residues (Jamini Saikia et al., 2018). French bean is grown successfully during the winter season (October - November to February -March) in the Terai region of West Bengal. So, its cultivation with scientific package of practices in this region will provide a good scope to satisfy the need of the local market as well as for the export to the distant market. Since organic farming is gaining popularity in the world as well as in India at a rapid rate. This research was, therefore, initiated with the objective of investigating the performance of different French bean varieties against different organic nutrient resources, humic acid and sea weed extracts.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar and West Bengal, India during the middle of November in 2016-17 and 2017-18, to study the effect of organic nutrient sources on French bean varieties. Geographically the farm is situated at 26°19¢ 86" N latitude and 89°23¢ 53"E longitude, at an elevation of 43 meter above the mean sea level. The experiment was laid out in Split plot design with three replications. In this experiment three varieties of French bean (V1- Victoria, V2- Shagun and V3- Falguni) was treated under six levels of organic nutrient sources (O1- FYM + Rhizobium + PSB, O2- Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB, O3- FYM + Rhizobium + PSB + Humic acid, O4- FYM + Rhizobium + PSB + Sea weed extract, O5- Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB + Humic acid, O6- Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB + Sea weed extract).

Common dose of FYM @15t/ha, Vermicompost @ 5t/ha, Rhizobium and PSB @ 10g each per kg of seed and bio stimulants (Humic acid and Sea weed extract) @ 2ml/L was applied as a foliar spray thrice at 30, 45 and 60 DAS. The treated seeds were sown at a depth of 5cm maintaining the spacing of 45 X 15 cm (R X P). The observation were recorded regarding the growth parameters like plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to first harvest, days to last harvest, yield attributing parameters like pod length (cm), pod width (cm), number of pods per plant, individual fresh pod weight (g), yield per plant (g), yield per plot (tones/ha), number of nodules per plant, dry weight of nodules per plant (mg) and quality parameters like ascorbic acid content (mg/100g fresh pod), beta carotene (IU/100g), protein content (%).
 
Economics
Cost of cultivation
 
The cost of cultivation (Rs/ha) of each treatment was worked out by considering the price of inputs, charges for cultivation, labour and other charges.
 
Net returns
 
The net returns (Rs/ha) of each treatment were worked out by deducting the mean cost of cultivation (Rs/ha) of each treatment from the gross monetary returns (Rs/ha) gained from the respective treatments.
 
Net return = Gross returns - Cost of cultivation returns (Rs/ha)
 
Benefit: cost ratio
 
The benefit: cost ratio of each treatment was calculated by dividing the net returns by the mean cost of cultivation.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Growth parameters
 
It is evident from the data presented in Table 1 various growth parameters of French bean as influenced by both the factors viz. variety and different levels of the organic nutrients. The highest plant height 32.4 cm was recorded in V3 (Falguni) followed by 32.1 cm in V1 (Victoria) and the lowest plant height 29.8 cm was observed in V2 (Shagun) but Shagun recorded significantly more number of primary branches per plant (7.0) than the Victoria (6.7) and Falguni (6.0). This variation could be due to genetic constituent of the varieties as well as the environmental adaptability, Pandey et al., (2011), Barcchiya and Kushwah (2017) also reported the similar results in French bean. The maximum number of nodules, dry weight of nodules per plant (mg), minimum mean days to reach 50% flowering leading to early harvesting were observed in the variety V1 (Victoria) followed by V3 (Falguni) and V2 (Shagun). Das et al., (2018) also reported the more or less similar result regarding the number of nodules in Victoria, Falguni and Shagun. In this experiment, variation in number and dry weight of nodules in different varieties might be due to variation in combining ability of the particular genotype with the concerned strain of Rhizobium phaseolin and PSB and as well as the experimental locations. On the other hand crop duration was longest in Shagun (111.9 DAS) followed by Victoria (108.1 DAS) and shortest in Falguni (105.3 DAS).
 

Table 1: Effect of various levels of organic nutrient sources on growth and quality attributes of French bean.


 
Regarding the various level of organic nutrients, the highest plant height and number of primary branches per plant was recorded in the treatment O6 (Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB + Sea weed extract) while the lowest height (30.0 cm) and number of primary branches (6.4) per plant was recorded in O1 (FYM + Rhizobium + PSB). Findings are in harmony with Zahida et al., (2016) who reported that in plants treated with FYM showed the lesser height than the plants treated with Vermicompost. Highest number (19.0/plant) of nodules per plant was observed in O4 (FYM + Rhizobium + PSB + Sea weed extract) whereas highest nodule dry weight (22.6 mg/plant) was in O6 (Vermicompost+ Rhizobium + PSB + Sea weed extract). Days to 50% flowering stage was observed early (52.7 DAS) in the treatment O1 (FYM + Rhizobium + PSB) while addition of Sea weed extract in treatment O4 (FYM + Rhizobium + PSB+ Sea weed extract) delayed the 50% flowering (55.2 DAS) which could be due to the longer vegetative phase aided by the bio stimulants. However, in treatment O2 (Vermicompost+ Rhizobium + PSB) the harvesting stage reached early (61.2 DAS) which was at par with O1 (61.2 DAS) and the days to 1st harvesting was delayed by 3.1 days in treatment O4 (64.3 DAS). While the crop duration according to the days to last harvesting was highest in O6 (Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB + Sea weed extract) and was lowest in O1 (FYM + Rhizobium + PSB).
 
Quality parameters
 
A perusal of data (Table 1) revealed that maximum vitamin A content was determined in variety, Victoria (619.5 IU) followed by Falguni (606.9 IU) and Shagun (588.8 IU). While highest ascorbic acid content in pod was observed in Shagun (18.7mg/100g) followed by Victoria (17.1mg/100g), Falguni (15.5mg/100g) and regarding protein content Falguni recorded maximum crude protein content (2.2%) in green pods followed by Shagun (2.0%) which was at par with Victoria (2.0%). The findings were also in harmony with Das et al., (2018).
       
It is clear from the data (Table 1) that the addition of bio-stimulants has a synergistic effect on the quality attributes of French bean. In treatment combination O1 (FYM + Rhizobium + PSB) all the quality attributes like vitamin A, ascorbic acid and protein content of fresh pod is low as compared to the treatments containing bio-stimulants. Highest vitamin A (607.1 IU) and ascorbic acid (17.8 mg/100g) content was recorded in O5 (Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB + Humic acid), whereas protein content (2.1%) was more or less similar in all the treatments except in O1 (FYM + Rhizobium + PSB).
 
Yield parameters
 
The presented data (Table 2) concerning with the yield attributes of French bean depict that all the yield attributes like pod length (14.8 cm), pod width (0.8 cm), number of pods per plant (20.1), individual fresh pod weight (4.8 g), yield per plant (79.3 g) and total fresh yield per hectare (15.7 t/ha) were highest in the variety Victoria followed by Shagun and Falguni.
 

Table 2: Effect of various levels of organic nutrient sources on yield attributes of French bean.


       
Considering the levels of organic nutrient sources yield attributing characters like pod length (14.2 cm) was maximum in O1 which was at par with O2 while pod width was found to be similar  in the treatments O2 (Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB), O4 (FYM + Rhizobium + PSB + Sea weed extract) and O6 (Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB + Sea weed extract). The treatment O2 (Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB) resulted in the pods with lowest weight (4.4 g) and the highest individual pods weight (4.5 g) was recorded in O6 (Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB + Sea weed extract) which was at par with O5 (Vermicompost+ Rhizobium + PSB + Humic acid). Highest number of pods per plant (20.2) was recorded in O5 (Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB + Humic acid) followed by O6 (Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB + Sea weed extract) and was the lowest in O1 (FYM + Rhizobium + PSB). Sharma et al., (2017) reported the similar result regarding the yield of green pods per plant in Humic acid treatment. This could have been due to the positive effects exerted by Bio-stimulants on the growth and development of plant thereby improving the quantity and quality of yield (Calvo et al., 2014).
 
Economics of treatments
 
From the economic evaluation of fresh pod production (Table 3) it is evident that variety V1 (Victoria) under O5 (Vermicompost (5t/ha) + Rhizobium (10g/kg) + PSB (10g/kg) + Humic acid (2ml/litre)) exhibits the highest net return of Rs. 176056 followed by V1 O6 (Victoria under Vermicompost + Rhizobium + PSB + Sea weed extract). However, highest Benefit : Cost ratio of 2.7 was found in V1 O4 (Victoria under FYM + Rhizobium + PSB + Sea weed extract) this might be due to the cheaper rate of Sea weed extract than the humic acid.
 

Table 3: Benefit cost ratio.

CONCLUSION

Regarding the varieties, Victoria (V1) performed well as compared to the other two varieties. Growth attributes like days to 50% flowering, days to first harvest was early and number of nodules per plant, dry weight of nodules were found to be maximum in variety Victoria. Yield attributes like pod length, pod width, number of pod per plant, individual fresh weight of the plant, yield per plant, yield per ha and quality regarding vitamin A content was also found to be maximum in this variety. Among the various level of organic nutrient, plants under the treatment O5 [Vermicompost (5t/ha) + Rhizobium (10g/kg) + PSB (10g/kg) + Humic acid (2ml/litre)] had the highest yield per plant and per ha with a better quality of French beans having maximum content of Vitamin A and ascorbic acid.

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