Legume Research

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Research Article

Legume Research, volume 44 issue 1 (january 2021) : 98-100

In Vitro Investigation of Biopriming on Seed Quality Parameters in Green Gram [Vigna radiata (L.)]

Ashok S. Sajjan1,*, Sujaya Waddinakatti1, R.B. Jolli1, Geetha D. Goudar1
1Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Vijayapura-586 101, Karnataka, India.

  • Submitted18-08-2018|

  • Accepted24-10-2019|

  • First Online 03-12-2019|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-4071

Cite article:- Sajjan S. Ashok, Waddinakatti Sujaya, Jolli R.B., Goudar D. Geetha (2019). In Vitro Investigation of Biopriming on Seed Quality Parameters in Green Gram [Vigna radiata (L.)] . Legume Research. 44(1): 98-100. doi: 10.18805/LR-4071.

ABSTRACT

The in vitro investigation was conducted during the kharif 2017 in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Vijayapura. The experiment comprised of nine biopriming treatments along with control. The experiment was laid out in CRD with three replications. The seeds were subjected to in vitro studies and data was analysed statistically.  The seed bioprimed with Rhizobium leguminosarum @ 20 per cent recorded higher  seed germination percentage (90.50 %), shoot length (19.27 cm), root length (12.38 cm), seedling length (31.65 cm), seedling dry weight (373.0 mg), seedling vigour index I (2864), seedling vigour index II (33.75), dehydrogenase enzyme activity (1.010 OD value) and lower electrical conductivity (0.107 dS m-1) followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 20 per cent, Fluorescent pseudomonad sp. @ 20 per cent as compared to control.

INTRODUCTION

Green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is commonly known as mungbean, golden gram, mung or moong (John, 1991). It is the third most important pulse crop grown in India in an area of 33.70 lakh hectares with a total production of 16.43 lakh tonnes and an average productivity of 488 kg ha-1 (Anonymous, 2017). It is widely grown in Indian states such as Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Bihar. In Karnataka, it occupies an area of 4.15 lakh hectares contributing to total production of 1.15 lakh tones and an average productivity of 277 kg ha-1. Non-availability of quality seeds, absence of suitable seed production technology, heavy flower dropping and heavy incidence of pest and diseases, inadequate post harvest handling operations and lack of knowledge about varieties by farmers lead to fall in productivity. Good quality seed is the key for successful agriculture to India produce a vigorous seedling ensuring higher yield. Low productivity of pulses was mainly attributed to the use of poor quality seed, improper crop management and cultivation in marginal soils which are hungry and thirsty (Sathiya et al., 2017). It could be enhanced by developing suitable low cost seed production technology by combining conventional and scientific practices for achieving the commercial success of the crop.
       
Seed priming is a controlled hydration process that involves exposing seeds to low water potentials that restrict germination but permits pregerminative physiological and biochemical changes (Khan, 1992). Good seed germination and seedling quality characters are important for forestry, horticulture and agriculture crops. Biopriming is the one of the priming methods which enhances the seed and seedling character. It is a process of biological seed treatment that refers combination of seed and inoculation of seed with beneficial organism to protect seed. It is an ecological approach using selected fungal antagonists against the soil and seed borne pathogens. Biological seed treatments may provide an alternative to chemical control. Therefore the in vitro experiment was under taken during 2017 with a objectives of effect of biopriming  on seed quality in green gram.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The laboratory experiment was conducted during the kharif 2017 in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Vijayapura, Karnataka. The experiment consisting of nine treatments and laid out in CRD design with three replications. Different bioagents as per treatment were taken and grown in broth. Then 20 ml of broth from each bioagent taken into beaker separately and made up the volume to 100 ml which becomes 20% solution. The 100 g of seeds were weighed separately for each bioagent and soaked for 8 hours. Then seeds were taken out from solution and kept for germination on standard germination papers by adopting paper towel method and incubated in seed germinator at 25°C and relative humidity of 95 per cent for 7 days. The observations on seed quality parameters viz., seed germination percentage (%), shoot length (cm), root length (cm), seedling length (cm), seedling dry weight (mg), seedling vigour index I(Abdul-Baki and Anderson., 1973), seedling vigour index II, dehydrogenase enzyme activity (OD value) and electrical conductivity (dS m-1) were recorded.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

All the biopriming treatments were found to be beneficial by recording higher seed quality parameters over control in the seeds of green gram. The data on present investigation indicated significant differences among the biopriming seed treatments for seed quality parameters (Table 1 and Fig 1). Among  the  bioprimings,  the seed bioprimed with Rhizobium leguminosarum @ 20 per cent recorded higher seed quality parameters viz., seed germination percentage (90.50 %), shoot length (19.27 cm), root length (12.38 cm), seedling length (31.65 cm), seedling dry weight (373.0 mg), seedling vigour index I (2864), seedling vigour index II (33.75), dehydrogenase enzyme activity (1.010 OD value) and lower electrical conductivity (0.107 dS m-1) followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 20 per cent, Fluorescent pseudomonad sp. @ 20 per cent. The increased per cent germination noticed with Rhizobium leguminosarum @ 20 per cent followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 20 per cent, Fluorescent pseudomonad sp. @ 20 per cent was to the tune of 16.77, 14.19 and 12.90 per cent respectively. While control recorded lower seed germination percentage (77.50 %), shoot length (10.74 cm), root length (8.45 cm), seedling length (19.19 cm), seedling dry weight (214.8 mg), seedling vigour index I (1492), seedling vigour index II (16.65), dehydrogenase enzyme activity (0.576 OD value) and higher electrical conductivity (0.365 dS m-1). The higher seed quality parameters in seeds treated with Rhizobium leguminosarum @ 20 per cent was mainly attributed to increased synthesis of hormones like gibberellins, which would have triggered the activity of specific enzymes that promoted early germination such as amylase, which have brought an increase in availability of starch assimilations. Higher germination may be due to completion of pre germination metabolic activities during seed priming, making the seed ready for germination soon after planting and the highest germination percentage (Fazulla et al., 2017 in green gram). The variation in seed germination percentage and seedling length may be attributed to plant growth promotional effect of seed primers especially bioagents that may produce growth regulatory substances (hormones) upon seed imbibitions (Sathiya et al., 2017 in back gram). The results are in agreement with Vishwas et al., 2017 in chickpea by mentioning the variation in seed germination percentage and seedling length may be attributed to plant growth promotional effect of seed primers especially bioagents that may produce growth regulatory substances (hormones) upon seed imbibitions. Similar results of enhanced speed of germination, germination percentage, root length, shoot length, dry matter production and vigour index were also reported the treated seeds by Srimathi et al., (2007) and Kamaraj and Padmavathi (2012) in green gram.
 

Table 1: Seed quality as influenced by biopriming in green gram (Vigna radiata L.).


 

Fig 1: Influence of seed biopriming on seed germination (%) and seedling vigour index II in green gram.

CONCLUSION

The seed biopriming with Rhizobium leguminosarum @ 20 per cent is suitable bioagents not only to get high seed germination but also to get high vigorous seedling by enhancing seedling length and other higher seed quality parameters followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 20 per cent, Fluorescent pseudomonad sp. @ 20 per cent as compared to control.
 

REFERENCES


  1. Abdul-Baki, A. S. and Anderson, J. D., (1973). Vigour determination in soybean by multiple criteria. Crop Science. 13:630-633.

  2. Anonymous., (2017). Area, production and productivity of principal crops. Directorate of Econimics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, New Delhi, 96-97.

  3. Fazulla,A Shariff. Sajjan Ashok S., Babalad, H.B., Nagaraj, L.B. and Palankar S. Giresh,, (2017). Effect of organics on seed yield and quality of green gram (Vigna radiata L.). Legume Research. 40:388-392.

  4. John, M. P., (1991). The Mungbean. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. Janpath, New Delhi, pp. 126-127.

  5. Kamaraj. A. and Padmavathi. S. (2012). Effect of seed enhancement treatment using leaf extract on physiological and morphological characteristics of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) seed ADT 3. International Journal of Current Research. 4(11):110-114.

  6. Khan, A. A., I (1992). Pre plant physiological seed conditioning. Hortcultural. Review. 13: 131-181.

  7. Sathiya Narayanan G., Prakash. M and Rajesh Kumar, V.; (2017). Effect of integrated seed treatments on growth, seed yield and quality parameters in black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]. Indian Journal Agricultural Research. 51(6): 556-561.

  8. Srimathi, P., Kavitha, S and Renugadevi, J., (2007). Influence of seed hardening and pelleting on seed yield and quality in green gram (Vigna radiata L.) cv. CO 6. Indian Journal Agricultural. Research. 41(2):122-126.

  9. Vishwas, S., Chaurasia, A. K., Bara, B. M., Debnath, A., Parihar, N. N., Brunda, K. and Saxena, R., (2017). Effect of priming on germination and seedling establishment of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 6(4): 72-74.
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