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Research Article

volume 41 issue 4 (august 2018) : 617-623,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-3920

Slow and fast-growing soybean rhizobial population, their symbiotic efficiency and soil nitrogen behavior under different cropping systems in Vertisols of Madhya Pradesh, India

V
Vinod Kumar
A
A.K. Rawat
D
D.L.N. Rao
1Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur-482 004, Madhya Pradesh, India.

  • Submitted22-07-2017|

  • Accepted01-01-2018|

  • First Online 15-02-2018|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-3920

Cite article:- Kumar Vinod, Rawat A.K., Rao D.L.N. (2018). Slow and fast-growing soybean rhizobial population, their symbiotic efficiency and soil nitrogen behavior under different cropping systems in Vertisols of Madhya Pradesh, India. Legume Research. 41(4): 617-623. doi: 10.18805/LR-3920.

ABSTRACT

An attempt was made in this study to assess the indigenous composition (slow and fast-growers) of soybean-rhizobia, their symbiotic efficiency and nitrogen  fixation in Vertisols of Madhya Pradesh under different cropping systems. The soils were collected from soybean-based (soybean-wheat and soybean-chickpea) and cereal-based (maize-wheat, rice-wheat and maize-chickpea) systems during 2013-15 from two agro climatic zones of the state. One of the sampling sites was under Long Term Fertilizer Experiment with soybean-wheat system where three treatments - absolute control, recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) and RDF+FYM were considered. Ratio of fast-growing soybean rhizobia was more in those cropping systems where soybean was one of the crops while population of slow-growers was more with cereal-cereal or maize-chickpea cropping systems. Nodulation and N symbiotic efficiency (N content and uptake) was better with slow-growing rhizobia as compared to fast-growing. Maximum SOC was found at maximum vegetative growth stage in soybean-wheat rotation (5.7 g kg-1 soil) under RDF+FYM and minimum (3.2 g kg-1 soil) in absolute control. Available soil N was more in kharif season with soybean. Legume based systems and rabi season reflected better conversion of NH4+ to NO3--N.

REFERENCES

  1. Alvey, S. Yang, C.H., Buerkert, A. and Crowley, D.E. (2003). Cereal/legume rotation effects on rhizosphere bacterial community structure in West African soils. Biology Fertility Soils, 37: 73-82.
  2. Aslam, M., Mahmood, I.A., Peoples, B., Schwenke, G.D. and Herridge, D.F. (2003). Contribution of chickpea nitrogen fixation to increased wheat production and soil organic fertility in rain-fed cropping. Biology Fertility Soils, 38: 59-64.
  3. Besnard, E., Chenu, C., Balesdent, J., Puget, P. and Arrouays, D. (1996). Fate of particulate organic matter in soil aggregates during cultivation. Euro. J. of Soil Science, 47: 495-503.
  4. Cocking, E.C. (2003). Endophytic colonization of plant roots by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Plant Soil, 252: 169-175.
  5. Di Cello, F., Bevivino, A., Chiarini, L., Fani, R., Paffetti, D. and Tabacchioni, S. (1997). Biodiversity of a Burkholderia cepacia population isolation from maize rhizosphere at different plamt growth stages. Applied and Environ. Microbiology, 63: 4485-    4493.
  6. Dowdle, S.F. (1985). The ecology of Rhizobium japonicum1 in soybean-rice cropping systems in central China (Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii, USA).
  7. Fosu, M., Kuhne, R.F. and Vlek, P.L. (2007). Mineralization and microbial biomass dynamics during decomposition of four leguminous residues. J. of Biological Sciences, 7: 632-637.
  8. Gomez, L.L.A. (1968). Rotation and yields of maize: Effect of a rotation with soybeans or lucerne on maize yield. Bibl. 4 ES. Central, Nac. Invest. Agropec. Palmira, Colombia. Tropical Agriculture, 24: 204-220.
  9. Hayat, R., Ali, S., Siddique, M.T. and Chatha, T.H. (2008). Biological nitrogen fixation of summer legumes and their residual effects on subsequent rainfed wheat yield. Pakistan Journal Botany, 40: 711-722.
  10. Jarvis, B.D.W., Pankhurst, C.E. and Patel, J.J. (1982). Rhizobiltm loti, a new species of legume root nodule bacteria. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.32: 378-380.
  11. Jordan, D.C. and Allen, O.N. (1974). Genus II. Rhizobium. In: Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed, ((eds), Buchanan R.E. and Gibbons N.E.) The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore 262-264.
  12. Keyser, H.H., Bohlool, B.B., Hu, T.S. and D.F. Weber. (1982). Fast-growing rhizobia isolated from root nodules of soybean. Science, 215: 1631-1632.
  13. Lupwayi, N.Z., Rice, W.A. and Clayton, G.W. (1998). Soil microbial diversity and community structure under wheat as influenced by tillage and crop rotation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 30(13): 1733-1741.
  14. Nutman, P.S. and Hearne, R. (1980). Persistence of nodule bacteria in soil under long-term cereal cultivation. In: “Rothamsted Experimental Station, Annual Report 1979, Part 2” 77-90.
  15. Okereke, G.U., Onochie, C., Onunkwo, A. and Onyeagba, E. (2001). Effectiveness of foreign bradyrhizobia strains in enhancing nodulation, dry matter and seed yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars in Nigeria. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 33(1): 3-9.
  16. Piper, C.S. (1967). Soil and Plant Analysis, Asia Publishing House, Bombay and Delhi.
  17. Somasegaran, P. and Hoben, H.J. (1994). Handbook for Rhizobia. In: Methods in Legume-Rhizobium Technology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin: New York.
  18. Subbiah, B.V. and Asija, G.L. (1956). A rapid procedure for the estimation of available nitrogen in soils. Current Science, 25: 259-260.
  19. Vincent, J.M. (1970). A Manual for the Practical Study of Root Nodule Bacteria. IBP handbook No. 15 Blackwell, Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK p: 164.
  20. Vincent, J.M. (1974). Root-nodule symbiosis with Rhizobiurn, In A. Quispel (ed.), Biology of nitrogen fixation. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam. p. 265-347.
  21. Vitousek, P.M., Aber, J.D., Howarth, R.W. et al. (1997). Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences. Ecological Applications, 7: 737-750.
  22. Walkley, A. and Black, I.A. (1934). An examination of the degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37: 29 38 
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    Research Article

    volume 41 issue 4 (august 2018) : 617-623,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-3920

    Slow and fast-growing soybean rhizobial population, their symbiotic efficiency and soil nitrogen behavior under different cropping systems in Vertisols of Madhya Pradesh, India

    V
    Vinod Kumar
    A
    A.K. Rawat
    D
    D.L.N. Rao
    1Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur-482 004, Madhya Pradesh, India.

    • Submitted22-07-2017|

    • Accepted01-01-2018|

    • First Online 15-02-2018|

    • doi 10.18805/LR-3920

    Cite article:- Kumar Vinod, Rawat A.K., Rao D.L.N. (2018). Slow and fast-growing soybean rhizobial population, their symbiotic efficiency and soil nitrogen behavior under different cropping systems in Vertisols of Madhya Pradesh, India. Legume Research. 41(4): 617-623. doi: 10.18805/LR-3920.

    ABSTRACT

    An attempt was made in this study to assess the indigenous composition (slow and fast-growers) of soybean-rhizobia, their symbiotic efficiency and nitrogen  fixation in Vertisols of Madhya Pradesh under different cropping systems. The soils were collected from soybean-based (soybean-wheat and soybean-chickpea) and cereal-based (maize-wheat, rice-wheat and maize-chickpea) systems during 2013-15 from two agro climatic zones of the state. One of the sampling sites was under Long Term Fertilizer Experiment with soybean-wheat system where three treatments - absolute control, recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) and RDF+FYM were considered. Ratio of fast-growing soybean rhizobia was more in those cropping systems where soybean was one of the crops while population of slow-growers was more with cereal-cereal or maize-chickpea cropping systems. Nodulation and N symbiotic efficiency (N content and uptake) was better with slow-growing rhizobia as compared to fast-growing. Maximum SOC was found at maximum vegetative growth stage in soybean-wheat rotation (5.7 g kg-1 soil) under RDF+FYM and minimum (3.2 g kg-1 soil) in absolute control. Available soil N was more in kharif season with soybean. Legume based systems and rabi season reflected better conversion of NH4+ to NO3--N.

    REFERENCES

    1. Alvey, S. Yang, C.H., Buerkert, A. and Crowley, D.E. (2003). Cereal/legume rotation effects on rhizosphere bacterial community structure in West African soils. Biology Fertility Soils, 37: 73-82.
    2. Aslam, M., Mahmood, I.A., Peoples, B., Schwenke, G.D. and Herridge, D.F. (2003). Contribution of chickpea nitrogen fixation to increased wheat production and soil organic fertility in rain-fed cropping. Biology Fertility Soils, 38: 59-64.
    3. Besnard, E., Chenu, C., Balesdent, J., Puget, P. and Arrouays, D. (1996). Fate of particulate organic matter in soil aggregates during cultivation. Euro. J. of Soil Science, 47: 495-503.
    4. Cocking, E.C. (2003). Endophytic colonization of plant roots by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Plant Soil, 252: 169-175.
    5. Di Cello, F., Bevivino, A., Chiarini, L., Fani, R., Paffetti, D. and Tabacchioni, S. (1997). Biodiversity of a Burkholderia cepacia population isolation from maize rhizosphere at different plamt growth stages. Applied and Environ. Microbiology, 63: 4485-    4493.
    6. Dowdle, S.F. (1985). The ecology of Rhizobium japonicum1 in soybean-rice cropping systems in central China (Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii, USA).
    7. Fosu, M., Kuhne, R.F. and Vlek, P.L. (2007). Mineralization and microbial biomass dynamics during decomposition of four leguminous residues. J. of Biological Sciences, 7: 632-637.
    8. Gomez, L.L.A. (1968). Rotation and yields of maize: Effect of a rotation with soybeans or lucerne on maize yield. Bibl. 4 ES. Central, Nac. Invest. Agropec. Palmira, Colombia. Tropical Agriculture, 24: 204-220.
    9. Hayat, R., Ali, S., Siddique, M.T. and Chatha, T.H. (2008). Biological nitrogen fixation of summer legumes and their residual effects on subsequent rainfed wheat yield. Pakistan Journal Botany, 40: 711-722.
    10. Jarvis, B.D.W., Pankhurst, C.E. and Patel, J.J. (1982). Rhizobiltm loti, a new species of legume root nodule bacteria. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.32: 378-380.
    11. Jordan, D.C. and Allen, O.N. (1974). Genus II. Rhizobium. In: Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed, ((eds), Buchanan R.E. and Gibbons N.E.) The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore 262-264.
    12. Keyser, H.H., Bohlool, B.B., Hu, T.S. and D.F. Weber. (1982). Fast-growing rhizobia isolated from root nodules of soybean. Science, 215: 1631-1632.
    13. Lupwayi, N.Z., Rice, W.A. and Clayton, G.W. (1998). Soil microbial diversity and community structure under wheat as influenced by tillage and crop rotation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 30(13): 1733-1741.
    14. Nutman, P.S. and Hearne, R. (1980). Persistence of nodule bacteria in soil under long-term cereal cultivation. In: “Rothamsted Experimental Station, Annual Report 1979, Part 2” 77-90.
    15. Okereke, G.U., Onochie, C., Onunkwo, A. and Onyeagba, E. (2001). Effectiveness of foreign bradyrhizobia strains in enhancing nodulation, dry matter and seed yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars in Nigeria. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 33(1): 3-9.
    16. Piper, C.S. (1967). Soil and Plant Analysis, Asia Publishing House, Bombay and Delhi.
    17. Somasegaran, P. and Hoben, H.J. (1994). Handbook for Rhizobia. In: Methods in Legume-Rhizobium Technology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin: New York.
    18. Subbiah, B.V. and Asija, G.L. (1956). A rapid procedure for the estimation of available nitrogen in soils. Current Science, 25: 259-260.
    19. Vincent, J.M. (1970). A Manual for the Practical Study of Root Nodule Bacteria. IBP handbook No. 15 Blackwell, Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK p: 164.
    20. Vincent, J.M. (1974). Root-nodule symbiosis with Rhizobiurn, In A. Quispel (ed.), Biology of nitrogen fixation. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam. p. 265-347.
    21. Vitousek, P.M., Aber, J.D., Howarth, R.W. et al. (1997). Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences. Ecological Applications, 7: 737-750.
    22. Walkley, A. and Black, I.A. (1934). An examination of the degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37: 29 38 
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