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Research Article

volume 42 issue 4 (august 2019) : 490-494,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-3876

Cytological implications in interspecific cross of Arachis involving Arachis hypogaea var VRI 2 and Arachis stenosperma

S
S. Saravanan
1Regional Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vriddhachalam-606 001, Tamil Nadu, India.

  • Submitted01-04-2017|

  • Accepted27-01-2018|

  • First Online 20-06-2018|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-3876

Cite article:- Saravanan S. (2018). Cytological implications in interspecific cross of Arachis involving Arachis hypogaea var VRI 2 and Arachis stenosperma. Legume Research. 42(4): 490-494. doi: 10.18805/LR-3876.

ABSTRACT

Unstable triploid and sterile derivatives were obtained upon inter-specific hybridization of Arachis hypogaea var VRI 2 (2n=4x=40) and Arachis stenosperma (2n=2x=20). Chromosomal doubling was resorted using colchicine enabling doubling the ploidy level of this triploid (3x) to get an unstable hexaploid derivative. The manuscript presents the cyto-morphological features of the unstable derivatives to frame a suitable breeding strategy for evolving the stable culture tolerant to major foliar diseases. Phenotypic traits like leaf colour, length and width of calyx tube, poor pollen fertility and abortive ovarian system were found to be dominant in the triploid. Chromosome doubled triploid progeny possessed leaves with larger veins, semi spreading habit, slow growth, shriveled anthers and improved pollen fertility as compared to triploid. While the normal meiotic behaviour witnessed among parents, the abnormal meiotic system as evidenced from the formation of trivalents and quadrivalents among triploid and hexaploid derivatives. Abnormal sporads also recorded among triploid and hexaploid leading to formation of sterile pollen grain.

REFERENCES

  1. Janila P., Nigam, S.N., Pandey, M.K., Nagesh, P and Varshney R.K. (2013). Groundnut improvement: use of genetic and genomic tools. Front Plant Sci., 4:23. 
  2. Kavera and Nadaf, H. L. (2017). Genetic improvement for yield through induced mutagenesis in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Legume Research, 40 : 32-35.
  3. Mallikarjuna,N., S. Sandhya, R. K. Vellanki, D.R. Jadhav, K. Das, H.D. Upadhyaya. (2012). Meiotic analysis of the hybrids between cultivated and synthetic tetraploid groundnuts. Plant Breeding. 131: 135-138.
  4. Mallikarjuna, N.S., Pande, S., Jadhav, D.R., Sastri, D.C. and Rao, J.N. (2004). Introgression of disease resistance genes from Arachis kempffmercadoi into cultivated groundnut. Plant Breeding. 123: 573-576. 
  5. Mallikarjuna, N.S and Sastri. D.C. (2002). Morphological, Cytological and disease resistance studies of the intersectional hybrids between Arachis hypogaea and Arachis glabrata. Euphytica. 126:161-167.
  6. Manish K., Pandey,M.K., Monyo, E.,Ozias-Akins, P., Liang, X., Guimaraes, P., Nigam, S.N., Janila, et al. (2011). Advances in Arachis genomics for peanut improvement. Biotechnology Advances. 30 :639-651.
  7. Milla, S. (2003). Relationships and Utilization of Arachis germplasm in peanut improvement programme. PhD Dissertation. North Corolina State University. 1-150.
  8. Pande, S. and Narayana Rao. J. (2001). Resistance of wild Arachis species to late leaf spot and rust in green house trials. Plant Dis. 85: 851-855.
  9. Saravanan, S., Jayaramachandran, M., Vaidyanathan, R. (2013). Cytomorphological investigations in wide cross of Arachis involving Arachis hypogaea and an amphidiploids (Arachis correntina x Arachis helodes). EJPB., 5: 17-21.
  10. Saravanan, S, Sethu Raja Durai, R and Vaidyanathan, R. (2015). Cytotaxonomy and gene introgression in wild Arachis species. Agri. Review, 36 : 54-60. 
  11. Singh, A.K. and Moss. J.P. (1984). Utilization of wild relatives in genetic improvement of Arachis hypogaea L.. Genome analysis in section Arachis and its implications in gene transfer. Theor. Appl. Genet., 68:1-10. 
  12. Simpson. C.E. and Davis. K.S. (1983). Meiotic behavior of a male fertile triploid Arachis L. hybrid. Crop Science, 23:581-584.
  13. Singh, A.K. (1986). Utilization of wild relatives in genetic improvement of Arachis hypogaea L. Part 8. Synthetic amphiploids and their importance in interspecific breeding. Theor. Appl. Genet., 72:433-439.
  14. Stalkar, H.T. and Simpson. C.E. (1995). Genetic resources in Arachis In: Advances in Peanut Science, [H.E. Pattee and H.T. Stalkar (eds)], 14-53.
  15. Stalkar, H.T. (1992). Utilizing Arachis germplasm resources. In: Groundnut- a global perspective. Proceedings of an international workshop, 25-29, Nov. 1991. ICRISAT Center, India, Patancheru 502 324.
  16. Simpson C.E. (2001). Use of Wild Arachis species/Introgression of Genes into A. hypogaea. Peanut Sci., 28:114–116.
  17. Venkataravana, N. Jankiraman, D. Nuthan and V.L. Madhu Prasad. (2008). Genetic enhancement of multiple resistance to foliar diseases in groundnut. Legume Research. 31: 155-156.
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    Research Article

    volume 42 issue 4 (august 2019) : 490-494,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-3876

    Cytological implications in interspecific cross of Arachis involving Arachis hypogaea var VRI 2 and Arachis stenosperma

    S
    S. Saravanan
    1Regional Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vriddhachalam-606 001, Tamil Nadu, India.

    • Submitted01-04-2017|

    • Accepted27-01-2018|

    • First Online 20-06-2018|

    • doi 10.18805/LR-3876

    Cite article:- Saravanan S. (2018). Cytological implications in interspecific cross of Arachis involving Arachis hypogaea var VRI 2 and Arachis stenosperma. Legume Research. 42(4): 490-494. doi: 10.18805/LR-3876.

    ABSTRACT

    Unstable triploid and sterile derivatives were obtained upon inter-specific hybridization of Arachis hypogaea var VRI 2 (2n=4x=40) and Arachis stenosperma (2n=2x=20). Chromosomal doubling was resorted using colchicine enabling doubling the ploidy level of this triploid (3x) to get an unstable hexaploid derivative. The manuscript presents the cyto-morphological features of the unstable derivatives to frame a suitable breeding strategy for evolving the stable culture tolerant to major foliar diseases. Phenotypic traits like leaf colour, length and width of calyx tube, poor pollen fertility and abortive ovarian system were found to be dominant in the triploid. Chromosome doubled triploid progeny possessed leaves with larger veins, semi spreading habit, slow growth, shriveled anthers and improved pollen fertility as compared to triploid. While the normal meiotic behaviour witnessed among parents, the abnormal meiotic system as evidenced from the formation of trivalents and quadrivalents among triploid and hexaploid derivatives. Abnormal sporads also recorded among triploid and hexaploid leading to formation of sterile pollen grain.

    REFERENCES

    1. Janila P., Nigam, S.N., Pandey, M.K., Nagesh, P and Varshney R.K. (2013). Groundnut improvement: use of genetic and genomic tools. Front Plant Sci., 4:23. 
    2. Kavera and Nadaf, H. L. (2017). Genetic improvement for yield through induced mutagenesis in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Legume Research, 40 : 32-35.
    3. Mallikarjuna,N., S. Sandhya, R. K. Vellanki, D.R. Jadhav, K. Das, H.D. Upadhyaya. (2012). Meiotic analysis of the hybrids between cultivated and synthetic tetraploid groundnuts. Plant Breeding. 131: 135-138.
    4. Mallikarjuna, N.S., Pande, S., Jadhav, D.R., Sastri, D.C. and Rao, J.N. (2004). Introgression of disease resistance genes from Arachis kempffmercadoi into cultivated groundnut. Plant Breeding. 123: 573-576. 
    5. Mallikarjuna, N.S and Sastri. D.C. (2002). Morphological, Cytological and disease resistance studies of the intersectional hybrids between Arachis hypogaea and Arachis glabrata. Euphytica. 126:161-167.
    6. Manish K., Pandey,M.K., Monyo, E.,Ozias-Akins, P., Liang, X., Guimaraes, P., Nigam, S.N., Janila, et al. (2011). Advances in Arachis genomics for peanut improvement. Biotechnology Advances. 30 :639-651.
    7. Milla, S. (2003). Relationships and Utilization of Arachis germplasm in peanut improvement programme. PhD Dissertation. North Corolina State University. 1-150.
    8. Pande, S. and Narayana Rao. J. (2001). Resistance of wild Arachis species to late leaf spot and rust in green house trials. Plant Dis. 85: 851-855.
    9. Saravanan, S., Jayaramachandran, M., Vaidyanathan, R. (2013). Cytomorphological investigations in wide cross of Arachis involving Arachis hypogaea and an amphidiploids (Arachis correntina x Arachis helodes). EJPB., 5: 17-21.
    10. Saravanan, S, Sethu Raja Durai, R and Vaidyanathan, R. (2015). Cytotaxonomy and gene introgression in wild Arachis species. Agri. Review, 36 : 54-60. 
    11. Singh, A.K. and Moss. J.P. (1984). Utilization of wild relatives in genetic improvement of Arachis hypogaea L.. Genome analysis in section Arachis and its implications in gene transfer. Theor. Appl. Genet., 68:1-10. 
    12. Simpson. C.E. and Davis. K.S. (1983). Meiotic behavior of a male fertile triploid Arachis L. hybrid. Crop Science, 23:581-584.
    13. Singh, A.K. (1986). Utilization of wild relatives in genetic improvement of Arachis hypogaea L. Part 8. Synthetic amphiploids and their importance in interspecific breeding. Theor. Appl. Genet., 72:433-439.
    14. Stalkar, H.T. and Simpson. C.E. (1995). Genetic resources in Arachis In: Advances in Peanut Science, [H.E. Pattee and H.T. Stalkar (eds)], 14-53.
    15. Stalkar, H.T. (1992). Utilizing Arachis germplasm resources. In: Groundnut- a global perspective. Proceedings of an international workshop, 25-29, Nov. 1991. ICRISAT Center, India, Patancheru 502 324.
    16. Simpson C.E. (2001). Use of Wild Arachis species/Introgression of Genes into A. hypogaea. Peanut Sci., 28:114–116.
    17. Venkataravana, N. Jankiraman, D. Nuthan and V.L. Madhu Prasad. (2008). Genetic enhancement of multiple resistance to foliar diseases in groundnut. Legume Research. 31: 155-156.
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