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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 42 issue 4 (august 2019) : 550-556,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-3873

Efficacy of newly developed biopesticides for the management of wilt disease complex of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

F
F.A. Mohiddin
M
Mujeebur Rahman Khan
1Division of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Srinagar-190 025, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

  • Submitted28-03-2017|

  • Accepted18-01-2018|

  • First Online 11-06-2018|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-3873

Cite article:- Mohiddin F.A., Khan Rahman Mujeebur (2018). Efficacy of newly developed biopesticides for the management of wilt disease complex of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Legume Research. 42(4): 550-556. doi: 10.18805/LR-3873.

ABSTRACT

Effectiveness of three biopesticides viz., Biowilt-X (based on Trichoderma harzianum), Bionem-X (based on Pochonia chlamydosporia) and Biocure-X (based on Bacillus subtilis) were tested against wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri), root-knot (Meloidogyne incognita) and the wilt disease complex (F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri + M. incognita) of chickpea (cv. BG-256). The biopesticides were developed by involving novel technology patented in USA and India and were applied to seeds (5 g/kg seed) and soil (40 g/microplot) to evaluate their effectiveness against the target diseases under field conditions. The pesticides viz., carbendazim and nemacur were applied @ 1.25 kg a.i./h and 6.0 kg a.i./h as soil application, and 2g/kg seed as seed treatment. Chickpea grown in the plots infested with pathogens singly or concomitantly developed characteristic wilt and root-knot symptoms, and exhibited significant yield decline. Application of biopesticides checked the severity of the diseases and the resulting yield declines. Application of Biowilt-X decreased the wilt incidence by 60% and promoted the yield of chickpea (46%) grown in F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri infested plots. The biopesticides Bionem-X and Biocure-X were found effective against root-knot disease and suppressed the galling by 20 and 12% and promoted the yield of infected chickpea plants by 28 and 34% in comparison to the control. Application of Biocure-X was found highly effective against the fungus-nematode wilt disease complex; its seed treatment substantially controlled the wilt and root-knot, and increased the yield of concomitantly infected chickpea by 49°C. Biocure-X was found more effective in increasing the nodulation as compared to other treatments. Effect of carbendazim and nemacur was significant (P<0.05) in checking the wilt, root knot and disease complex but were not as effective as biopesticides. The present study has demonstrated that biological management of wilt, root-knot and disease complex can be successfully achieved with the application of the developed biopesticides.

REFERENCES

  1. Archipora, T., Veselev, S., Melentiev, A., Martynenko, E. and Kudoyarova, G. (2005). Ability of bacterium Bacillus subtilis to produce cytokinins and to influence the growth and endogenous hormone content of lettuce plant. Plant and Soil 9: 201-209.
  2. Baker, K.F. (1987). Evolving concepts of biological control of plant pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology 25: 67-85.
  3. Benitez, T., Rincon, M.A., Limon, C.M. and Codon, C.A. (2004). Biocontrol mechanism of Trichoderma strains. International Microbiology 7: 249-260.
  4. Brannen, R. (1995). Production of antibiotics by Bacillus subtilis and their effect on fungal colonists of various crops. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 65: 203.
  5. Burkhead, K.D., Schisler, D.A. and Slininger, P.J. (1994). Pyrrolnitrin production by biological control agent Pseudomonas cepacia B37W in culture and in colonized wounds of potatoes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60: 2031-2039.
  6. Ciancio, A., Logrieco, A., Lamberti, F. and Bottalicao, A. (1988). Nematicidal effects of some Fusarium toxins. Nematologia Meditteranea 16: 137-138.
  7. Fazal, M., Khan, M.I., Raza, M.M.A. and Siddiqui, Z.A. (1994). Interaction between Meloidogyne incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis on lentil. Nematologia Meditteranea 2: 185-187.
  8. Federico, G.R., Maria, M.R., Reynoso, M.F., Sofia, N.C. and Adriana, M.T. (2007). Biological control by Trichoderma species of Fusarium solani causing peanut brown root rot under field conditions. Crop Protection 26: 549-555.
  9. Haggag, W.M. and Mohamed, H.A.A. (2002). Enhancement of antifungal metabolites production from gamma ray induced mutants of some Trichoderma species for control of onion white rot disease. Plant Pathology Bulletin 11: 1 45-156.
  10. Hasan, A. (1989). Efficacy of certain nonfumigant nematicides on the control of pigeonpea wilt involving Heterodera cajani and Fusarium udum. Phytopathology Zeitschrift 126: 335-342.
  11. Henis, Y, Ghaffar, A and Baker, R. (1979). Factor affecting suppression to Rhizoctonia solani in soil. Phytopathology 69: 1164-1169.
  12. Idris, H.A., Labuschagne, N. and Korsten, L. (2007). Screening rhizobacteria for biological control of Fusarium root and crown rot of sorghum in Ethiopia. Biological Control 40: 97-106.
  13. Jalali, B.L. and Chand, H. (1992). Chickpea wilt. In: Plant Diseases of International Importance, Vol 1. Diseases of Cereals and Pulses. (Singh US, Mukhopadhyay AN, Kumar J, Chaube HS, eds.). Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, pp: 429-444.
  14. Kenneth, C.E., Peter, L.S. and Ronald, J.S. (2006). Characterizing potential bacterial biocontrol agents for suppression of Rhizobium vitis, causal agent of crown gall disease in grapevine. Crop Protection 25: 1191-1200.
  15. Khan, M.R. (2005). Biological Control of Fusarial Wilt and Root-Knot of Legumes. Govt. of India Publication. Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India. pp: 1-56.
  16. Khan, M.W. (1993). Mechanisms of interactions between nematodes and other plant pathogens. In: Nematode Interactions. (Khan MW, eds.). Chapman and Hall, London, pp: 55-78.
  17. Kole, S.C. and Hajra, J.N. (1997). Isolation and evaluation of tricalcium phosphate and rock phosphate solubilizing microorganisms from acidic terai and lateritic soil of West Bengal. Journal of International Academy 1: 198-205.
  18. Landa, B.B., Navas-Cortes, J.A., Jimenez-Diaz, R.M. (2004). Integrated management of Fusarium wilt of chickpea with sowing date, host resistance, and biological control. Phytopathology 94: 946-960.
  19. Leong, J. (1986). Siderophores: their biochemistry and possible role in the biocontrol of plant pathogen. Annual Review of Phytopathology 24: 187-209.
  20. Mohiddin, F.A., Khan, M.R., Khan, S.M., and Bhat, B.H. (2010). Why Trichoderma is considered super hero (Super Fungus) against the evil parasites. Plant Pathology Journal 9: 92-102.
  21. Khan, M.R., Majid, S., Mohidin, F.A. and Khan, N. (2011). A new bioprocess to produce low cost powder formulations of biocontrol bacteria and fungi to control fusarial wilt and root-knot nematode of pulses. Biological Control 59: 130-140.
  22. Khan, M.R., Khan, S. M. and Mohiddin, F. A. (2004). Biological control of fusarial wilt of chickpea through seed treatment with the commercial formulations of Trichoderma harzianum and/or Pseudomonas fluorescens. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 43: 20-25.
  23. Navas-Cortes, J.A., Hau, B. and Jimenez-Diaz, R.M. (2000). Yield loss in chickpeas in relation to development of Fusarium wilt epidemics. Phytopathology 90: 1269-1278.
  24. Parker, C.A., Rovira, A.D., Moree, K.J. and Wong, P.T.W. (1985). Ecology and Management of soil borne plant Pathogens. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, USA. 
  25. Saifullah (1996a). Fungal parasitism of young females of Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida. Afro Asian Journal of Nematology 6: 17-22.
  26. Saifullah (1996b). Killing potato cyst nematode males: a possible control strategy. Afro Asian Journal of Nematology 6: 23-28.
  27. Saifullah (1996c). Nematicidal and nematostatic effect of cell free culture filtrates of V. chlamydosporium in vitro. Afro Asian Journal of Nematology 6: 32-35.
  28. Schoonbeck, H., Raaijmakers, J.M. and de Waard, M.A. (2002). Fungal ABC transporters and microbial interactions in natural environments. Molecular Plant Microbial Interaction 15: 1165-1172.
  29. Seggers, R., Butt, T.M., Kerry, B.R., Beckett, A. and Peberdy, J.F. (1996). The role of the proteinase VCPI produced by the nematophagous Verticillium chlamydosporium in the infection process of nematode eggs. Mycological Research 100: 421-428.
  30. Sharma, A.K. (2003). Biological mobilization of phosphorus. In: Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture. Agrobios, Jodhpur, India, pp: 194-232.
  31. Someya, N., Tsuchiya, K., Yoshida, T., Noguchi, M.T. and Sawada, H. (2006). Combined use of the biocontrol bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens strain LRB3W1 with reduced fungicide application for the control of tomato Fusarium wilt. Biocontrol Science 11: 75-80.
  32. Stirling, G.R. (1991). Biological Control of Plant Parasitic Nematodes: Progress, Problems and Prospects. C. A. B. International, Wallingford, U. K., pp: 282.
  33. Suarez, B., Rey, M, Castillo, P, Monte, E. and Llobell, A. (2004). Isolation and Characterization of PRA1, a trypsin like protease from the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum CECT 2413 displaying nematicidal activity. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 65: 46-55.
  34. Tempe, J.de. (1970). Routine methods for determining the health condition of seeds in seed testing station. Proceedings of International Seed Testing Association 35: 257.
  35. Tomar, O.K., Singh, D. and Singh, D. (2010). Stability for yield and related traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 80: 1076-1080.
  36. Trapero-Casas, A. and Jimenez-Diaz, R.M. (1985). Fungal wilt and root rot diseases of chickpea in southern Spain. Phytopathology 75: 1146-1151.
  37. Viaene, N.M. and Abawi, G.S. (2000). Hirsutella rhossiliensis and Verticillium chlamydosporium as biocontrol agents of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla on Lettuce. Journal of Nematology 32: 85-100.
  38. Webster, J.M. (1985). Interaction of Meloidogyne with fungi on crop plants. In: An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne, Vol. 1, Biology and Control. (Sasser JN, Carter CC, eds.). North Carolina State University Graphics, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA., pp: 183-192.
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    Research Article

    volume 42 issue 4 (august 2019) : 550-556,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-3873

    Efficacy of newly developed biopesticides for the management of wilt disease complex of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

    F
    F.A. Mohiddin
    M
    Mujeebur Rahman Khan
    1Division of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Srinagar-190 025, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

    • Submitted28-03-2017|

    • Accepted18-01-2018|

    • First Online 11-06-2018|

    • doi 10.18805/LR-3873

    Cite article:- Mohiddin F.A., Khan Rahman Mujeebur (2018). Efficacy of newly developed biopesticides for the management of wilt disease complex of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Legume Research. 42(4): 550-556. doi: 10.18805/LR-3873.

    ABSTRACT

    Effectiveness of three biopesticides viz., Biowilt-X (based on Trichoderma harzianum), Bionem-X (based on Pochonia chlamydosporia) and Biocure-X (based on Bacillus subtilis) were tested against wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri), root-knot (Meloidogyne incognita) and the wilt disease complex (F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri + M. incognita) of chickpea (cv. BG-256). The biopesticides were developed by involving novel technology patented in USA and India and were applied to seeds (5 g/kg seed) and soil (40 g/microplot) to evaluate their effectiveness against the target diseases under field conditions. The pesticides viz., carbendazim and nemacur were applied @ 1.25 kg a.i./h and 6.0 kg a.i./h as soil application, and 2g/kg seed as seed treatment. Chickpea grown in the plots infested with pathogens singly or concomitantly developed characteristic wilt and root-knot symptoms, and exhibited significant yield decline. Application of biopesticides checked the severity of the diseases and the resulting yield declines. Application of Biowilt-X decreased the wilt incidence by 60% and promoted the yield of chickpea (46%) grown in F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri infested plots. The biopesticides Bionem-X and Biocure-X were found effective against root-knot disease and suppressed the galling by 20 and 12% and promoted the yield of infected chickpea plants by 28 and 34% in comparison to the control. Application of Biocure-X was found highly effective against the fungus-nematode wilt disease complex; its seed treatment substantially controlled the wilt and root-knot, and increased the yield of concomitantly infected chickpea by 49°C. Biocure-X was found more effective in increasing the nodulation as compared to other treatments. Effect of carbendazim and nemacur was significant (P<0.05) in checking the wilt, root knot and disease complex but were not as effective as biopesticides. The present study has demonstrated that biological management of wilt, root-knot and disease complex can be successfully achieved with the application of the developed biopesticides.

    REFERENCES

    1. Archipora, T., Veselev, S., Melentiev, A., Martynenko, E. and Kudoyarova, G. (2005). Ability of bacterium Bacillus subtilis to produce cytokinins and to influence the growth and endogenous hormone content of lettuce plant. Plant and Soil 9: 201-209.
    2. Baker, K.F. (1987). Evolving concepts of biological control of plant pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology 25: 67-85.
    3. Benitez, T., Rincon, M.A., Limon, C.M. and Codon, C.A. (2004). Biocontrol mechanism of Trichoderma strains. International Microbiology 7: 249-260.
    4. Brannen, R. (1995). Production of antibiotics by Bacillus subtilis and their effect on fungal colonists of various crops. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 65: 203.
    5. Burkhead, K.D., Schisler, D.A. and Slininger, P.J. (1994). Pyrrolnitrin production by biological control agent Pseudomonas cepacia B37W in culture and in colonized wounds of potatoes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60: 2031-2039.
    6. Ciancio, A., Logrieco, A., Lamberti, F. and Bottalicao, A. (1988). Nematicidal effects of some Fusarium toxins. Nematologia Meditteranea 16: 137-138.
    7. Fazal, M., Khan, M.I., Raza, M.M.A. and Siddiqui, Z.A. (1994). Interaction between Meloidogyne incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis on lentil. Nematologia Meditteranea 2: 185-187.
    8. Federico, G.R., Maria, M.R., Reynoso, M.F., Sofia, N.C. and Adriana, M.T. (2007). Biological control by Trichoderma species of Fusarium solani causing peanut brown root rot under field conditions. Crop Protection 26: 549-555.
    9. Haggag, W.M. and Mohamed, H.A.A. (2002). Enhancement of antifungal metabolites production from gamma ray induced mutants of some Trichoderma species for control of onion white rot disease. Plant Pathology Bulletin 11: 1 45-156.
    10. Hasan, A. (1989). Efficacy of certain nonfumigant nematicides on the control of pigeonpea wilt involving Heterodera cajani and Fusarium udum. Phytopathology Zeitschrift 126: 335-342.
    11. Henis, Y, Ghaffar, A and Baker, R. (1979). Factor affecting suppression to Rhizoctonia solani in soil. Phytopathology 69: 1164-1169.
    12. Idris, H.A., Labuschagne, N. and Korsten, L. (2007). Screening rhizobacteria for biological control of Fusarium root and crown rot of sorghum in Ethiopia. Biological Control 40: 97-106.
    13. Jalali, B.L. and Chand, H. (1992). Chickpea wilt. In: Plant Diseases of International Importance, Vol 1. Diseases of Cereals and Pulses. (Singh US, Mukhopadhyay AN, Kumar J, Chaube HS, eds.). Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, pp: 429-444.
    14. Kenneth, C.E., Peter, L.S. and Ronald, J.S. (2006). Characterizing potential bacterial biocontrol agents for suppression of Rhizobium vitis, causal agent of crown gall disease in grapevine. Crop Protection 25: 1191-1200.
    15. Khan, M.R. (2005). Biological Control of Fusarial Wilt and Root-Knot of Legumes. Govt. of India Publication. Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India. pp: 1-56.
    16. Khan, M.W. (1993). Mechanisms of interactions between nematodes and other plant pathogens. In: Nematode Interactions. (Khan MW, eds.). Chapman and Hall, London, pp: 55-78.
    17. Kole, S.C. and Hajra, J.N. (1997). Isolation and evaluation of tricalcium phosphate and rock phosphate solubilizing microorganisms from acidic terai and lateritic soil of West Bengal. Journal of International Academy 1: 198-205.
    18. Landa, B.B., Navas-Cortes, J.A., Jimenez-Diaz, R.M. (2004). Integrated management of Fusarium wilt of chickpea with sowing date, host resistance, and biological control. Phytopathology 94: 946-960.
    19. Leong, J. (1986). Siderophores: their biochemistry and possible role in the biocontrol of plant pathogen. Annual Review of Phytopathology 24: 187-209.
    20. Mohiddin, F.A., Khan, M.R., Khan, S.M., and Bhat, B.H. (2010). Why Trichoderma is considered super hero (Super Fungus) against the evil parasites. Plant Pathology Journal 9: 92-102.
    21. Khan, M.R., Majid, S., Mohidin, F.A. and Khan, N. (2011). A new bioprocess to produce low cost powder formulations of biocontrol bacteria and fungi to control fusarial wilt and root-knot nematode of pulses. Biological Control 59: 130-140.
    22. Khan, M.R., Khan, S. M. and Mohiddin, F. A. (2004). Biological control of fusarial wilt of chickpea through seed treatment with the commercial formulations of Trichoderma harzianum and/or Pseudomonas fluorescens. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 43: 20-25.
    23. Navas-Cortes, J.A., Hau, B. and Jimenez-Diaz, R.M. (2000). Yield loss in chickpeas in relation to development of Fusarium wilt epidemics. Phytopathology 90: 1269-1278.
    24. Parker, C.A., Rovira, A.D., Moree, K.J. and Wong, P.T.W. (1985). Ecology and Management of soil borne plant Pathogens. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, USA. 
    25. Saifullah (1996a). Fungal parasitism of young females of Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida. Afro Asian Journal of Nematology 6: 17-22.
    26. Saifullah (1996b). Killing potato cyst nematode males: a possible control strategy. Afro Asian Journal of Nematology 6: 23-28.
    27. Saifullah (1996c). Nematicidal and nematostatic effect of cell free culture filtrates of V. chlamydosporium in vitro. Afro Asian Journal of Nematology 6: 32-35.
    28. Schoonbeck, H., Raaijmakers, J.M. and de Waard, M.A. (2002). Fungal ABC transporters and microbial interactions in natural environments. Molecular Plant Microbial Interaction 15: 1165-1172.
    29. Seggers, R., Butt, T.M., Kerry, B.R., Beckett, A. and Peberdy, J.F. (1996). The role of the proteinase VCPI produced by the nematophagous Verticillium chlamydosporium in the infection process of nematode eggs. Mycological Research 100: 421-428.
    30. Sharma, A.K. (2003). Biological mobilization of phosphorus. In: Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture. Agrobios, Jodhpur, India, pp: 194-232.
    31. Someya, N., Tsuchiya, K., Yoshida, T., Noguchi, M.T. and Sawada, H. (2006). Combined use of the biocontrol bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens strain LRB3W1 with reduced fungicide application for the control of tomato Fusarium wilt. Biocontrol Science 11: 75-80.
    32. Stirling, G.R. (1991). Biological Control of Plant Parasitic Nematodes: Progress, Problems and Prospects. C. A. B. International, Wallingford, U. K., pp: 282.
    33. Suarez, B., Rey, M, Castillo, P, Monte, E. and Llobell, A. (2004). Isolation and Characterization of PRA1, a trypsin like protease from the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum CECT 2413 displaying nematicidal activity. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 65: 46-55.
    34. Tempe, J.de. (1970). Routine methods for determining the health condition of seeds in seed testing station. Proceedings of International Seed Testing Association 35: 257.
    35. Tomar, O.K., Singh, D. and Singh, D. (2010). Stability for yield and related traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 80: 1076-1080.
    36. Trapero-Casas, A. and Jimenez-Diaz, R.M. (1985). Fungal wilt and root rot diseases of chickpea in southern Spain. Phytopathology 75: 1146-1151.
    37. Viaene, N.M. and Abawi, G.S. (2000). Hirsutella rhossiliensis and Verticillium chlamydosporium as biocontrol agents of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla on Lettuce. Journal of Nematology 32: 85-100.
    38. Webster, J.M. (1985). Interaction of Meloidogyne with fungi on crop plants. In: An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne, Vol. 1, Biology and Control. (Sasser JN, Carter CC, eds.). North Carolina State University Graphics, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA., pp: 183-192.
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