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Research Article

volume 41 issue 4 (august 2018) : 606-616,   Doi: 10.18805/lr.v40i04.9005

Interaction of Mesorhizobia, Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and different Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes for Nitrogen Fixing and Yield Attributing traits

M
Minakshi Kalkal
K
Krishan Kumar
R
Radhey Sham Waldia
S
Surjit Singh Dudeja
1Pulses Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004 (Haryana), India
Cite article:- Kalkal Minakshi, Kumar Krishan, Waldia Sham Radhey, Dudeja Singh Surjit (2017). Interaction of Mesorhizobia, Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizaand different Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes for Nitrogen Fixingand Yield Attributing traits. Legume Research. 41(4): 606-616. doi: 10.18805/lr.v40i04.9005.

ABSTRACT

Twenty genotypes of chickpea were evaluated to study the interaction of chickpea genotypes, mesorhizobial strains and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza for 14 nitrogen fixing and yield attributing traits viz. days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight (g), seed yield per plant (g), number of nodules per plant, nodule weight per plant (g), root dry weight per plant (g), shoot dry weight per plant (g), nitrogen content in shoot (%), nitrogen content in grain (%) and VAM infection(%). The analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant amount of genetic variability in the material for all the traits. All the genotypes were treated with three treatments separately (Mesorhizobium sp. Strain CH 1233 (S1); Mesorhizobium sp. Strain CH 810 (S2); vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) (Glomus fasiculatum)  and one set was used as uninoculated control. These were grown separately following randomized block design with three replications in each treatment. Comparative analysis indicated the differences between the treatments and behaviour of the genotypes in different environments. In general S1 and VAM showed beneficial interaction for maximum number of traits for all the genotypes. The effect of VAM was the most apparent among treatments. On overall basis, genotypes viz. HC 3, HC 5, GL 94022, ICC 5003LN, HK 2, GNG 663 and BG 362 were observed to be better performing and responsive to bio inoculants having one or more superior traits. These genotypes performing better for specific traits can be used as parents in hybridization programme for improvement of that particular trait.    

REFERENCES

  1. zcon, G. (1979). Effect of Glomus and Rhizobium on the yield of Medicago sativa growing under normal cultivation in available soil. Nature 279 : 327.
  2. Bagyaraj, D. J., Manjunath, A. and Patil, R. B. (1979). Interaction between a vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza and Rhizobium and their effect on soybean. New Phytol. 82: 141.
  3. Beck, D. P., Wery, J., Saxena, M. C. and Ayadi, A. (1991). Dinitrogen fixation and nitrogen balance in cool season food legumes. Agron. J. 83 : 334-341.
  4. Bremer, J. M. (1960). Determination of nitrogen in soil by Kjeldhal method. J. Agric. Sci. 55 : 11-13.
  5. Dudeja, S.S. and Giri, R. (2014). Beneficial properties, colonization, establishment and molecular diversity of endophytic bacteria in legumes and non-legumes. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 8 (15) : 1562-1572.
  6. Dudeja, S.S., Singh, N. P., Poonam Sharma, Gupta, S.C., Ramesh Chandra, Bansi Dhar, Bansal, R. K., Brahmaprakash, G. P., Potdukhe, S.R., Gundappagol, R. C., Gaikawad, B.G., and Nagaraj, K. S. (2011). Biofertilizer technology and pulse production. In : Bioaugmentation, Biostimulation and Biocontrol (Eds. Ajay Singh, Nagina Parmar and Ramesh C. Kuhad (Eds.). Springer Verlag. Soil Biology Series. pp. 43-63.
  7. Erman, M., Demir, S., Ocak, E., Tufenkci, S., Oguz, F. and Akkopru, Ah. (2011). Effect of Rhizobium, Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and whey application on some properties in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under irrigated and rainfed conditions. 1 – Yield, yield components, nodulation and AMF colonization. Field Crops Research 122 (1) : 14-24
  8. Gupta, S. C. and Namdeo, S. L. (1996). Effect of Rhizobium strains on symbiotic traits and grain yield of chickpea. Indian J. Pulses Res. 9 (1): 94-95.
  9. Khanam, D., Rahman, M. H. H., Begum, D., Haque, M. A. and Hossain, A. K. M. (1994). Inoculation and varietal interactions of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Bangladesh. Thai J. Agril. Sci. 27 (2): 123-130.
  10. Mohamed, A.A., and Hassan, M.A. (2015). Evaluation of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars in response to three Rhizobium strains at River Nile State, Sudan Merit Res. J. Agric. Sci. Soil Sci. 3(5):62-69
  11. Moradi, A. (2016). Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on growth, nitrogen fixation and nutrient uptake in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) under salt stress. Cercetari Agronomice in Maldova 49 (1) : 67-80.
  12. Mukherjee, P. K. and Rai, R. K. (2000). Effect of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on growth, yield and P uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Indian J. Agron. 45 (3): 602-607.
  13. Newman, E. I. (1985). In: Nuclear techniques to study the role of mycorrhiza in increasing food crop production. S.K. Danco (Ed.). International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna-TECDOC-338, pp 63-68.
  14. Nina Koele, Thomas, W. Kuyper and Prem, S. B. (2014). Beneficial Organisms for Nutrient Uptake. VFRC Report 2014/1, Virtual Fertilizer Research Center, Washington, D. C., USA, 63 pp.
  15. Panse, V. G. and Sukhatme, P. V. (1967). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Research Workers. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
  16. Phillips, J. M. and Hayman, D. S. (1970). Improved procedure for cleaning of roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans. Br. Soc. 55: 158-161.
  17. Pellegrino, E. and Bedini, S. (2014). Enhancing ecosystem services in sustainable agriculture: biofertilization and biofortification of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Soil Biol. Biochem. 68: 429–439. 
  18. Poonia, T.C. and Pithia, M.S. (2014). Increasing efficiency of seed inoculation with biofertilizers through application of micronutrients in irrigated chickpea. African J. Agric. Res. 9(32): 2214-2221
  19. Rao, N. S., Tilak, K. V. B. R. and Singh, C. S. (1986). Dual inoculation with Rhizobium sp. and Glomus fasiculatum enhances nodulation, yield and nitrogen fixation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Plant Soil 95 (3): 351-359.
  20. Rupela, O. P. and Dart, P. J. (1980). Research on symbiotic nitrogen fixation by chickpea at ICRISAT. In: Proceedings International Workshop on Chickpea Improvement ICRISAT, 28 Feb.-2 March, 1979, Patancheru, A.P., India, pp. 161-167.
  21. Rupela, O.P. (1994). Screening for intracultivaral variability of nodulation in chickpea and pigeonpea. In: Linking biological nitrogen fixation research in Asia: report of a meeting of the Asia Working Group on Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes, 6-8 Dec 1993, ICRISAT Asia Centre, India. (Rupela, O.P., Kumar Rao J.V.D.K., Wani, S.P. and Johansen, C. eds). Patancheru 502 324. Pp 75-83.
  22. Singh, V.K., Singh R.P. and Rai, K.N. (2014). Effect of Nitrogen, Rhizobium and PSB on chickpea (Cicer arietinum)-growth and nodulation. Trends Biosci. 7(5): 361- 363
  23. Tagore, G.S., Namdeo, S.L., Sharma, S.K. and Kumar, N. (2013). Effect of Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacterial inoculants on symbiotic traits, nodule leghemoglobin, and yield of chickpea genotypes. International. J. Agron. http://dx.doi.org/    10.1155/2013/ 581627. Article ID 581627, 8 pages.
  24. Tagore, G.S., Sharma, S.K. and Shah, S.K. (2014). Effect of microbial inoculants on nutrient uptake, yield and quality of chickpea genotypes Int. J. Agric. Sc & Vet. Med. 2(2): 18-23.
  25. Thies, J.E., Singleton, P.W. and Bohlool, B.B. (1991). Modelling symbiotic performance of introduced rhizobia in the field by use of indices of indigenous population size and nitrogen status of soil. Appl. Environmental Microbiol. 57: 29-37
  26. Young, C., Juang, T. C. and Chao, C. C. (1988). Effect of Rhizobium and VAM-inoculation on nodulation, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and soybean yield in tropical fields. Biol. Fertil. Soils 6 (2): 165-169.
  27. Zaidi, A. and Khan, S. Md. (2007). Stimulatory effects of dual inoculation with phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungus on chickpea. Aust. J. Exp. Agr. 47(8): 1016-1022. 
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    Research Article

    volume 41 issue 4 (august 2018) : 606-616,   Doi: 10.18805/lr.v40i04.9005

    Interaction of Mesorhizobia, Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and different Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes for Nitrogen Fixing and Yield Attributing traits

    M
    Minakshi Kalkal
    K
    Krishan Kumar
    R
    Radhey Sham Waldia
    S
    Surjit Singh Dudeja
    1Pulses Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004 (Haryana), India
    Cite article:- Kalkal Minakshi, Kumar Krishan, Waldia Sham Radhey, Dudeja Singh Surjit (2017). Interaction of Mesorhizobia, Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizaand different Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes for Nitrogen Fixingand Yield Attributing traits. Legume Research. 41(4): 606-616. doi: 10.18805/lr.v40i04.9005.

    ABSTRACT

    Twenty genotypes of chickpea were evaluated to study the interaction of chickpea genotypes, mesorhizobial strains and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza for 14 nitrogen fixing and yield attributing traits viz. days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight (g), seed yield per plant (g), number of nodules per plant, nodule weight per plant (g), root dry weight per plant (g), shoot dry weight per plant (g), nitrogen content in shoot (%), nitrogen content in grain (%) and VAM infection(%). The analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant amount of genetic variability in the material for all the traits. All the genotypes were treated with three treatments separately (Mesorhizobium sp. Strain CH 1233 (S1); Mesorhizobium sp. Strain CH 810 (S2); vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) (Glomus fasiculatum)  and one set was used as uninoculated control. These were grown separately following randomized block design with three replications in each treatment. Comparative analysis indicated the differences between the treatments and behaviour of the genotypes in different environments. In general S1 and VAM showed beneficial interaction for maximum number of traits for all the genotypes. The effect of VAM was the most apparent among treatments. On overall basis, genotypes viz. HC 3, HC 5, GL 94022, ICC 5003LN, HK 2, GNG 663 and BG 362 were observed to be better performing and responsive to bio inoculants having one or more superior traits. These genotypes performing better for specific traits can be used as parents in hybridization programme for improvement of that particular trait.    

    REFERENCES

    1. zcon, G. (1979). Effect of Glomus and Rhizobium on the yield of Medicago sativa growing under normal cultivation in available soil. Nature 279 : 327.
    2. Bagyaraj, D. J., Manjunath, A. and Patil, R. B. (1979). Interaction between a vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza and Rhizobium and their effect on soybean. New Phytol. 82: 141.
    3. Beck, D. P., Wery, J., Saxena, M. C. and Ayadi, A. (1991). Dinitrogen fixation and nitrogen balance in cool season food legumes. Agron. J. 83 : 334-341.
    4. Bremer, J. M. (1960). Determination of nitrogen in soil by Kjeldhal method. J. Agric. Sci. 55 : 11-13.
    5. Dudeja, S.S. and Giri, R. (2014). Beneficial properties, colonization, establishment and molecular diversity of endophytic bacteria in legumes and non-legumes. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 8 (15) : 1562-1572.
    6. Dudeja, S.S., Singh, N. P., Poonam Sharma, Gupta, S.C., Ramesh Chandra, Bansi Dhar, Bansal, R. K., Brahmaprakash, G. P., Potdukhe, S.R., Gundappagol, R. C., Gaikawad, B.G., and Nagaraj, K. S. (2011). Biofertilizer technology and pulse production. In : Bioaugmentation, Biostimulation and Biocontrol (Eds. Ajay Singh, Nagina Parmar and Ramesh C. Kuhad (Eds.). Springer Verlag. Soil Biology Series. pp. 43-63.
    7. Erman, M., Demir, S., Ocak, E., Tufenkci, S., Oguz, F. and Akkopru, Ah. (2011). Effect of Rhizobium, Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and whey application on some properties in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under irrigated and rainfed conditions. 1 – Yield, yield components, nodulation and AMF colonization. Field Crops Research 122 (1) : 14-24
    8. Gupta, S. C. and Namdeo, S. L. (1996). Effect of Rhizobium strains on symbiotic traits and grain yield of chickpea. Indian J. Pulses Res. 9 (1): 94-95.
    9. Khanam, D., Rahman, M. H. H., Begum, D., Haque, M. A. and Hossain, A. K. M. (1994). Inoculation and varietal interactions of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Bangladesh. Thai J. Agril. Sci. 27 (2): 123-130.
    10. Mohamed, A.A., and Hassan, M.A. (2015). Evaluation of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars in response to three Rhizobium strains at River Nile State, Sudan Merit Res. J. Agric. Sci. Soil Sci. 3(5):62-69
    11. Moradi, A. (2016). Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on growth, nitrogen fixation and nutrient uptake in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) under salt stress. Cercetari Agronomice in Maldova 49 (1) : 67-80.
    12. Mukherjee, P. K. and Rai, R. K. (2000). Effect of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on growth, yield and P uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Indian J. Agron. 45 (3): 602-607.
    13. Newman, E. I. (1985). In: Nuclear techniques to study the role of mycorrhiza in increasing food crop production. S.K. Danco (Ed.). International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna-TECDOC-338, pp 63-68.
    14. Nina Koele, Thomas, W. Kuyper and Prem, S. B. (2014). Beneficial Organisms for Nutrient Uptake. VFRC Report 2014/1, Virtual Fertilizer Research Center, Washington, D. C., USA, 63 pp.
    15. Panse, V. G. and Sukhatme, P. V. (1967). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Research Workers. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
    16. Phillips, J. M. and Hayman, D. S. (1970). Improved procedure for cleaning of roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans. Br. Soc. 55: 158-161.
    17. Pellegrino, E. and Bedini, S. (2014). Enhancing ecosystem services in sustainable agriculture: biofertilization and biofortification of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Soil Biol. Biochem. 68: 429–439. 
    18. Poonia, T.C. and Pithia, M.S. (2014). Increasing efficiency of seed inoculation with biofertilizers through application of micronutrients in irrigated chickpea. African J. Agric. Res. 9(32): 2214-2221
    19. Rao, N. S., Tilak, K. V. B. R. and Singh, C. S. (1986). Dual inoculation with Rhizobium sp. and Glomus fasiculatum enhances nodulation, yield and nitrogen fixation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Plant Soil 95 (3): 351-359.
    20. Rupela, O. P. and Dart, P. J. (1980). Research on symbiotic nitrogen fixation by chickpea at ICRISAT. In: Proceedings International Workshop on Chickpea Improvement ICRISAT, 28 Feb.-2 March, 1979, Patancheru, A.P., India, pp. 161-167.
    21. Rupela, O.P. (1994). Screening for intracultivaral variability of nodulation in chickpea and pigeonpea. In: Linking biological nitrogen fixation research in Asia: report of a meeting of the Asia Working Group on Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes, 6-8 Dec 1993, ICRISAT Asia Centre, India. (Rupela, O.P., Kumar Rao J.V.D.K., Wani, S.P. and Johansen, C. eds). Patancheru 502 324. Pp 75-83.
    22. Singh, V.K., Singh R.P. and Rai, K.N. (2014). Effect of Nitrogen, Rhizobium and PSB on chickpea (Cicer arietinum)-growth and nodulation. Trends Biosci. 7(5): 361- 363
    23. Tagore, G.S., Namdeo, S.L., Sharma, S.K. and Kumar, N. (2013). Effect of Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacterial inoculants on symbiotic traits, nodule leghemoglobin, and yield of chickpea genotypes. International. J. Agron. http://dx.doi.org/    10.1155/2013/ 581627. Article ID 581627, 8 pages.
    24. Tagore, G.S., Sharma, S.K. and Shah, S.K. (2014). Effect of microbial inoculants on nutrient uptake, yield and quality of chickpea genotypes Int. J. Agric. Sc & Vet. Med. 2(2): 18-23.
    25. Thies, J.E., Singleton, P.W. and Bohlool, B.B. (1991). Modelling symbiotic performance of introduced rhizobia in the field by use of indices of indigenous population size and nitrogen status of soil. Appl. Environmental Microbiol. 57: 29-37
    26. Young, C., Juang, T. C. and Chao, C. C. (1988). Effect of Rhizobium and VAM-inoculation on nodulation, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and soybean yield in tropical fields. Biol. Fertil. Soils 6 (2): 165-169.
    27. Zaidi, A. and Khan, S. Md. (2007). Stimulatory effects of dual inoculation with phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungus on chickpea. Aust. J. Exp. Agr. 47(8): 1016-1022. 
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