Banner
Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive
Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 41 issue 3 (june 2018) : 441-446,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-376

Physical and chemical difference of seed coat between hard and soft seeds of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Fisch)
 

Q
Qun Sun
L
Liwei Zhu
W
Wenjing Zhang
J
Jianhua Wang
1Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding and Seed Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.

  • Submitted26-06-2017|

  • Accepted11-01-2018|

  • First Online 16-05-2018|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-376

Cite article:- Sun Qun, Zhu Liwei, Zhang Wenjing, Wang Jianhua (2018). Physical and chemical difference of seed coat between hard and soft seeds of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Fisch). Legume Research. 41(3): 441-446. doi: 10.18805/LR-376.

ABSTRACT

In this paper, the physical and chemical differences of seed coat between hard and soft seeds from the same Licorice lot were identified. Electron microscopy-based examination revealed that the cracks on hard seeds coat were much less obvious (shallower and narrower) than those of soft seeds, and that hilar fissure from hard seeds was considerably narrower. Endosperm of hard seeds was markedly thicker than that of soft seeds. Finally, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry revealed significant enrichment for 12 out of the 14 tested mineral elements in hard seed coat. It could be concluded that these above features of hard seeds would increase their resistance to physical impact and protect against cracks in seed coat surface, thus contributing to the impermeability of hard seeds.

REFERENCES

  1. Baskin, J.M., Baskin, C.C., Li, X. (2000). Taxonomy, anatomy and evolution of physical dormancy. Plant Species Biology, 15: 139-152.
  2. Bevilacqua, L.R., Fosati, Dondero, G. (1987). “Cellose” in the impermeable seed coat of Sesbania punicca. Annals Botany, 59: 335-341.
  3. Bewley, J.D., Blac,k M. (1994). Seeds: Physiology of Development and Germination (2nd ed). (New York: Plenum Press), pp. 36-107.
  4. Bhalla, P.L., Slattery, H.D. (1984). Callose deposits make clover seeds impermeable to water. Annals Botany, 53: 125-128.
  5. Cao, B.H., Zhai, M.P., Guo, J.J. (2005). Study on vigor difference of seeds with different hard degree in Robinia pseudoacacia. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 41: 42-47.
  6. Degago, Y. (1990). Causes and effects of hardseededness in soybean, Ph.D dissertation, University of Arkansas.
  7. Desouza, F.H.D., Marcos, F.J. (2001). The seed coat as a modulator of seed-environment relationships in Fabaceae. Revista Brasileira de Botanica, 24: 365-375.
  8. Guo, B.Z., Russin, J.S., Thomas, E. (1995). Wax and cutin layers in maize kernels associated with resistance to aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus. Journal of Food Protection,58: 296-300.
  9. Harris, W.M. (1987). Comparative ultra structure of developing seed coats of ‘hard-seeded’ and ‘soft-seeded’ cultivars of soybean, Glycine max (L.)Merr. Botanical Gazette, 148: 324-331.
  10. Hyde, E.O.C. (1954). The function of the hilum in some papilionaceae in relation to the ripening of the seed and the permeability of the testa. Annals Botany, 18: 241-256.
  11. Kavita, S.R., Kumar, V, Sridhar, K., Vyakarnahal, B.S., Chanappagoudar, B.C. ( 2015). Effect of physical and chemical treatments on seed dormancy and storability of hedge lucerne [Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd.]. Legume Research, 38(1): 131-136
  12. Kuchlan M.K. , Kuchlan P., Onkar M., Ramesh A., Husain S.M. (2017). Influence of seed coat compactness around cotyledons, protein and mineral composition on mechanical strength of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seed coat. Legume Research, DOI: 10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.7649
  13. MA, F. S., Cholewa, E.W.A., Mohamed, T., Peterson, C.A., Gijzen, M. (2004). Cracks in the palisade cuticle of soybean seed coats correlate with their permeability to water. Annals Botany, 94: 213-228.
  14. Russin, J.S., Guo, B.Z., Tubajika, K.M. (1997). Comparison of kernel was from corn genotypes resistant or susceptible to Aspergillus flavus. Phytopathology, 87: 529-533.
  15. Sadeghi H., and Khaef N. (2012). Germination of three annual medics (Medicago Roman.) as afftected by seed-coat dormany breaking techniques. Legume Research, 35(2): 112-118
  16. Serrato, V.G., Cornara, L., Ferrando, M., Modenesi, P. (1993). Structural and histochemical features of Stylosanthes scabra (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) seed coat as related to water entry. Canadian Journal of Botany, 71: 834-840.
  17. Sun, Q., Li, J.H., Wang, J.H., Sun, B.Q. (2009a). The Identification of hardness of Licorice single seed using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 29: 2669-2672.
  18. Sun, Q., Wang, J.H.ÿDing, Z.M., Sun, B.Q. (2009b). Exploration on separating hard seeds and soft seeds of licorice( Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) rapidly and non-destructively with liquid density method. Plant Physiology Communication, 45: 60-62. 
  19. Thanos, C.A., Georghiou, K., Kadis, C., Pantazi, C. (1992). Cistaceae, a plant family with hard seeds. Israel Journal of Botany, 41: 251-263.
  20. Tian, J., Sun, Q., Wang, J.H., Sun, B.Q.(2007). Differences of seed vigor among different levels of hard seeds of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Plant Physiology Communication, 43: 235-240.
  21. Tripathi1, K., Bhalla, S., Srinivasan, K., Prasad, T.V., Gautam, R..D. (2013). Physical and Biochemical basis of Resistance in Cowpea [Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Accessions to Pulse-beetle, Callosobruchus Chineses (L.). Legume Research, 36(5): 457-466. 
Published In
Legume Research
Article Metrics
Metrics Icon
0
Views
0
Citations
Reviewed By
Share Article
Download Article
In this Article
    Contact us
    Follow us

    Research Article

    volume 41 issue 3 (june 2018) : 441-446,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-376

    Physical and chemical difference of seed coat between hard and soft seeds of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Fisch)
     

    Q
    Qun Sun
    L
    Liwei Zhu
    W
    Wenjing Zhang
    J
    Jianhua Wang
    1Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding and Seed Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.

    • Submitted26-06-2017|

    • Accepted11-01-2018|

    • First Online 16-05-2018|

    • doi 10.18805/LR-376

    Cite article:- Sun Qun, Zhu Liwei, Zhang Wenjing, Wang Jianhua (2018). Physical and chemical difference of seed coat between hard and soft seeds of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Fisch). Legume Research. 41(3): 441-446. doi: 10.18805/LR-376.

    ABSTRACT

    In this paper, the physical and chemical differences of seed coat between hard and soft seeds from the same Licorice lot were identified. Electron microscopy-based examination revealed that the cracks on hard seeds coat were much less obvious (shallower and narrower) than those of soft seeds, and that hilar fissure from hard seeds was considerably narrower. Endosperm of hard seeds was markedly thicker than that of soft seeds. Finally, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry revealed significant enrichment for 12 out of the 14 tested mineral elements in hard seed coat. It could be concluded that these above features of hard seeds would increase their resistance to physical impact and protect against cracks in seed coat surface, thus contributing to the impermeability of hard seeds.

    REFERENCES

    1. Baskin, J.M., Baskin, C.C., Li, X. (2000). Taxonomy, anatomy and evolution of physical dormancy. Plant Species Biology, 15: 139-152.
    2. Bevilacqua, L.R., Fosati, Dondero, G. (1987). “Cellose” in the impermeable seed coat of Sesbania punicca. Annals Botany, 59: 335-341.
    3. Bewley, J.D., Blac,k M. (1994). Seeds: Physiology of Development and Germination (2nd ed). (New York: Plenum Press), pp. 36-107.
    4. Bhalla, P.L., Slattery, H.D. (1984). Callose deposits make clover seeds impermeable to water. Annals Botany, 53: 125-128.
    5. Cao, B.H., Zhai, M.P., Guo, J.J. (2005). Study on vigor difference of seeds with different hard degree in Robinia pseudoacacia. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 41: 42-47.
    6. Degago, Y. (1990). Causes and effects of hardseededness in soybean, Ph.D dissertation, University of Arkansas.
    7. Desouza, F.H.D., Marcos, F.J. (2001). The seed coat as a modulator of seed-environment relationships in Fabaceae. Revista Brasileira de Botanica, 24: 365-375.
    8. Guo, B.Z., Russin, J.S., Thomas, E. (1995). Wax and cutin layers in maize kernels associated with resistance to aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus. Journal of Food Protection,58: 296-300.
    9. Harris, W.M. (1987). Comparative ultra structure of developing seed coats of ‘hard-seeded’ and ‘soft-seeded’ cultivars of soybean, Glycine max (L.)Merr. Botanical Gazette, 148: 324-331.
    10. Hyde, E.O.C. (1954). The function of the hilum in some papilionaceae in relation to the ripening of the seed and the permeability of the testa. Annals Botany, 18: 241-256.
    11. Kavita, S.R., Kumar, V, Sridhar, K., Vyakarnahal, B.S., Chanappagoudar, B.C. ( 2015). Effect of physical and chemical treatments on seed dormancy and storability of hedge lucerne [Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd.]. Legume Research, 38(1): 131-136
    12. Kuchlan M.K. , Kuchlan P., Onkar M., Ramesh A., Husain S.M. (2017). Influence of seed coat compactness around cotyledons, protein and mineral composition on mechanical strength of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seed coat. Legume Research, DOI: 10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.7649
    13. MA, F. S., Cholewa, E.W.A., Mohamed, T., Peterson, C.A., Gijzen, M. (2004). Cracks in the palisade cuticle of soybean seed coats correlate with their permeability to water. Annals Botany, 94: 213-228.
    14. Russin, J.S., Guo, B.Z., Tubajika, K.M. (1997). Comparison of kernel was from corn genotypes resistant or susceptible to Aspergillus flavus. Phytopathology, 87: 529-533.
    15. Sadeghi H., and Khaef N. (2012). Germination of three annual medics (Medicago Roman.) as afftected by seed-coat dormany breaking techniques. Legume Research, 35(2): 112-118
    16. Serrato, V.G., Cornara, L., Ferrando, M., Modenesi, P. (1993). Structural and histochemical features of Stylosanthes scabra (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) seed coat as related to water entry. Canadian Journal of Botany, 71: 834-840.
    17. Sun, Q., Li, J.H., Wang, J.H., Sun, B.Q. (2009a). The Identification of hardness of Licorice single seed using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 29: 2669-2672.
    18. Sun, Q., Wang, J.H.ÿDing, Z.M., Sun, B.Q. (2009b). Exploration on separating hard seeds and soft seeds of licorice( Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) rapidly and non-destructively with liquid density method. Plant Physiology Communication, 45: 60-62. 
    19. Thanos, C.A., Georghiou, K., Kadis, C., Pantazi, C. (1992). Cistaceae, a plant family with hard seeds. Israel Journal of Botany, 41: 251-263.
    20. Tian, J., Sun, Q., Wang, J.H., Sun, B.Q.(2007). Differences of seed vigor among different levels of hard seeds of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Plant Physiology Communication, 43: 235-240.
    21. Tripathi1, K., Bhalla, S., Srinivasan, K., Prasad, T.V., Gautam, R..D. (2013). Physical and Biochemical basis of Resistance in Cowpea [Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Accessions to Pulse-beetle, Callosobruchus Chineses (L.). Legume Research, 36(5): 457-466. 
    In this Article
      Contact us
      Follow us
      Published In
      Legume Research

      Editorial Board

      View all (0)