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Research Article

volume 41 issue 4 (august 2018) : 551-556,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-375

Salinity stress phenotyping for soybean (Glycine max L.) for Middle East Asia

F
Faheema Khan
1Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh 114 95, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

  • Submitted16-06-2017|

  • Accepted05-05-2018|

  • First Online 16-07-2018|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-375

Cite article:- Khan Faheema (2018). Salinity stress phenotyping for soybean (Glycine max L.) for Middle East Asia. Legume Research. 41(4): 551-556. doi: 10.18805/LR-375.

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted to evaluate the differences in photosynthetic parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity among two genotypes of soybean (Glycine max L.) in response to salinity stress. Ten-day-old seedlings, grown hydroponically, were treated with 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 mM NaCl for 7 days and analysed for the traits as biomarkers for identification of salt-tolerant soybean genotype. It was observed that NaCl stress caused severe impairments in photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content in both the genotypes, but the damage were much more pronounced in salt-sensitive genotype VL SOYA-47. Moreover, chlorophyll fluorescence measurements showed higher non-photochemical quenching in genotype VL SOYA-47 and lower in genotype VL SOYA-21. The antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) was observed much higher in VL SOYA-21 than in VL SOYA-47 at various levels of NaCl treatments. From the results, it could be suggested that VL SOYA-21 is the salt tolerant and VL SOYA-47 is a salt sensitive soybean genotype. The tolerance capacity of VL SOYA-21 against NaCl stress can be related with the ability of this genotype in possessing vital photosynthetic system and ROS scavenging capacity.

REFERENCES

  1. Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology, 105: 121–126.
  2. Ahmad, P. and Prasad, M.N.V. (2012). Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants: Metabolism, Productivity and Sustainability. Springer, New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London.
  3. Ashraf, M. (2004). Some important physiological selection criteria for salt tolerance in plants. Flora – Morpghology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 199: 361–376.
  4. Ashraf, M. and Harris, P.J.C. (2013). Photosynthesis under stressful environments: an overview. Photosynthetica, 51: 163-190.
  5. Bandeoglu E., Eyidogan, F., Yucel, M., Oktem H.A. (2004). Antioxidant responses of shoots and roots of lentil to NaCl-salinity stress. Plant Growth Regulators, 42: 69-77.
  6. Bañón, S., Miralles, J., Ochoa, J., Sánchez-Blanco, M.J. (2012). The effect of salinity and high boron on growth, photosynthetic activity and mineral contents of two ornamental shrubs. Horticultural Science, 39: 188–194.
  7. Beauchamp, C., Fridovich, I. (1971). Superoxide dismutase: Improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry, 44: 276–277. 
  8. Bor, M., Özdemir, F., Türkan, I. (2003). The effect of salt stress on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in leaves of sugar beet Beta vulgaris L. and wild beet Beta maritima L. Plant Science, 164: 77–84.
  9. Boyer, J.S. (1976). Water deficits and photosynthesis. In: Water Deficit and Plant Growth. Kozlowski TT, editor.Vol. IV. New York: Academic Press. pp 153-190.
  10. Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72: 248–254.
  11. Chaves, M.M., Flexas, J., Pinheiro, C. (2009). Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Annals of Botany, 103: 551-560.
  12. Chen, T.H., and Murata, N. (2011) Glycine betaine protects plants against abiotic stress: mechanisms and biotechnological applications. Plant Cell and Environment, 34: 1–20.
  13. Coons, J.M. and Pratt, R.C. (1988). Physiological and growth responses of Phaseolus vulgaris and P. Acutifolius when grown in fields at two levels of salinity. Annual report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative, 31:88-89.
  14. Demiral, T., Turkan, I. (2005). Comparative lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defence systems and proline content in roots of two rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 53: 247–257.
  15. El-Hendawy, S. E. Hassan, W.M., Al-Suhaibani1, N.A. Refay Y and Abdella. K. A. (2017) Comparative Performance of Multivariable Agro-Physiological Parameters for Detecting Salt Tolerance of Wheat Cultivars under Simulated Saline Field Growing Conditions. Frontiers in Plant Science. 8:435.1-15. 
  16. FAO. (2008). Land and plant nutrition management service. http://www.fao.org/ag/ agl/agll/spush.
  17. Farooq, M., Gogoi, N., Hussain, M., Barthakur, S., Paul, S., Bharadwaj, N., Migdadi, H.M., Alghamdi, S.S., Siddique, K.H.M. (2017). Effects, tolerance mechanisms and management of salt stress in grain Legumes. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 118:199-217.
  18. Farooq, M., Hussain, M., Wakeel, A., Siddique, K.H.M. (2015). Salt stress in maize effects resistance mechanisms and management: a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35: 461- 481. 
  19. Ferri, A., Lluch, C., Caana, A. (2000). Effect of salt stress on carbon metabolism and bacteriod respiration in root nodules of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaries L.). Plant Biology, 2: 396-402. 
  20. Foyer, C.H. and Halliwell, B. (1976). The presence of glutathione and glutathione reductase in chloroplast: a proposed role in ascorbic acid metabolism. Planta, 133: 21–25.
  21. Giannopolitis, C.N. and Ries, S.K. (1977). Superoxide dismutase: Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiology, 59: 309–314.
  22. Hayat, S., Hasan, S.A., Yusuf, M., Hayat, Q., Ahmad, A. (2010). Effect of 28-homobrassinolide on photosynthesis, fluorescence and antioxidant system in the presence or absence of salinity and temperature in Vigna radiata. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 69: 105-112.
  23. Hernandez, J.A., Jimenez, A., Mullineaux, P., Sevilla, F. (2000). Tolerance of pea (Pisum sativum L.) to a long term salt stress is associated with induction of antioxidant defences. Plant Cell and Environment, 23:853-862.
  24. Hoagland, D.R. and Arnon, D.S. (1950). The water culture method for growing plants without soil. California Agricultural Experiment Station Circular, 347: 1–32.
  25. Kabir, M.E., Karim, M.A., Azad, M.A.K. (2004). Effect of potassium on salinity tolerance of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Journal of Biological Sciences, 4: 103-110.
  26. Kafi, M. (2009). Effect of salinity and light on photosynthesis, respiration and chlorophyll fluorescence in salt-sensitive wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 11: 547-555.
  27. Khan, F., Siddiqi, T.O., Zafar, M., Ahmad, A. (2009). Morphological changes and antioxidant defence systems in soybean genotypes as affected by salt stress, Journal of Plant Interactions, 4: 295-306.
  28. Kirst G.O. (1989). Salinity tolerance of eukaryotic marine algae. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 40:21-53.
  29. Lauchli, A. (1984). Salinity tolerance in plants strategies for crop improvement. In: Salt exclusion: An adaptation of legumes for crops and pastures under saline conditions. Staples RC, Toenniessen GH, editors.New York: Wiley. p 171188.
  30. Li, Q.Y, Niu, H.B., Yin, J., Wang, M.B., Shao, H.B., Deng, D.Z., Chen, X.X., Ren, J.P., Li, Y.C. (2008). Protective role of exogenous nitric oxide against oxidative-stress induced by salt stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 65: 220–225.
  31. Manchanda, G. and Garg, N. (2008). Salinity and its effects on the functional biology of legumes. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 30: 595-618. 
  32. Mano, J. (2002). Early events in environmental stresses in plants: induction mechanisms of oxidative stress. In Inzé D, Van Montagu M., eds, Oxidative Stress in Plants. Taylor & Francis, London, pp 217–245.
  33. Maxwell, K. and Johnson, G.N. (2000). Chlorophyll fluorescence: a practical guide. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51: 659–668.
  34. Moreno-Limon, S., Maiti, R.K., Forough bakhch, R. (2000). Genotypic variability in Phaseolus bean cultivars exposed to salinity at the germination stage. Crops Research, 19:487-492.
  35. Nakano, Y. and Asada, K. (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology, 22: 867–880.
  36. Naumann, J.C., Youngm, D. R., and Anderson, J. E. (2008). Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, reflectance, and physiological response to freshwater and saltwater flooding in the evergreen shrub, Myrica cerifera. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 63, 402–409.
  37. Pitann, B., Kranz, T., Zorb, C., Walter, A., Schurr, U., Mühling, K.H. (2011). Apoplastic pH and growth in expanding leaves of Vicia faba under salinity. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 74: 31-36.
  38. Schreiber, U., Schliwa, U., Bilger, W. (1986). Continuous recording of photochemical and non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching with a new type of modulation fluorometer. Photosynthesis Research, 10: 51-62.
  39. Shi, Q., Ding, F., Wang, X., Wei, M. (2007). Exogenous nitric oxide protects cucumber roots against oxidative stress induced by salt stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 45: 542–550.
  40. Subbarao, G.V. and Johansen, C. (1991). Comparitive salinity responses among pigeon pea genotypes and their wild relatives. Crop Science, 31:415-418.
  41. Shahbaz, M., Ashraf, M., Athar, H.R. (2008). Does exogenous application of 24-epibrassinolide ameliorate salt induce growth inhibition in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)?. Plant Growth Regulation, 55:51-64. 
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    Research Article

    volume 41 issue 4 (august 2018) : 551-556,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-375

    Salinity stress phenotyping for soybean (Glycine max L.) for Middle East Asia

    F
    Faheema Khan
    1Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh 114 95, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

    • Submitted16-06-2017|

    • Accepted05-05-2018|

    • First Online 16-07-2018|

    • doi 10.18805/LR-375

    Cite article:- Khan Faheema (2018). Salinity stress phenotyping for soybean (Glycine max L.) for Middle East Asia. Legume Research. 41(4): 551-556. doi: 10.18805/LR-375.

    ABSTRACT

    The present study was conducted to evaluate the differences in photosynthetic parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity among two genotypes of soybean (Glycine max L.) in response to salinity stress. Ten-day-old seedlings, grown hydroponically, were treated with 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 mM NaCl for 7 days and analysed for the traits as biomarkers for identification of salt-tolerant soybean genotype. It was observed that NaCl stress caused severe impairments in photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content in both the genotypes, but the damage were much more pronounced in salt-sensitive genotype VL SOYA-47. Moreover, chlorophyll fluorescence measurements showed higher non-photochemical quenching in genotype VL SOYA-47 and lower in genotype VL SOYA-21. The antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) was observed much higher in VL SOYA-21 than in VL SOYA-47 at various levels of NaCl treatments. From the results, it could be suggested that VL SOYA-21 is the salt tolerant and VL SOYA-47 is a salt sensitive soybean genotype. The tolerance capacity of VL SOYA-21 against NaCl stress can be related with the ability of this genotype in possessing vital photosynthetic system and ROS scavenging capacity.

    REFERENCES

    1. Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology, 105: 121–126.
    2. Ahmad, P. and Prasad, M.N.V. (2012). Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants: Metabolism, Productivity and Sustainability. Springer, New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London.
    3. Ashraf, M. (2004). Some important physiological selection criteria for salt tolerance in plants. Flora – Morpghology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 199: 361–376.
    4. Ashraf, M. and Harris, P.J.C. (2013). Photosynthesis under stressful environments: an overview. Photosynthetica, 51: 163-190.
    5. Bandeoglu E., Eyidogan, F., Yucel, M., Oktem H.A. (2004). Antioxidant responses of shoots and roots of lentil to NaCl-salinity stress. Plant Growth Regulators, 42: 69-77.
    6. Bañón, S., Miralles, J., Ochoa, J., Sánchez-Blanco, M.J. (2012). The effect of salinity and high boron on growth, photosynthetic activity and mineral contents of two ornamental shrubs. Horticultural Science, 39: 188–194.
    7. Beauchamp, C., Fridovich, I. (1971). Superoxide dismutase: Improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry, 44: 276–277. 
    8. Bor, M., Özdemir, F., Türkan, I. (2003). The effect of salt stress on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in leaves of sugar beet Beta vulgaris L. and wild beet Beta maritima L. Plant Science, 164: 77–84.
    9. Boyer, J.S. (1976). Water deficits and photosynthesis. In: Water Deficit and Plant Growth. Kozlowski TT, editor.Vol. IV. New York: Academic Press. pp 153-190.
    10. Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72: 248–254.
    11. Chaves, M.M., Flexas, J., Pinheiro, C. (2009). Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Annals of Botany, 103: 551-560.
    12. Chen, T.H., and Murata, N. (2011) Glycine betaine protects plants against abiotic stress: mechanisms and biotechnological applications. Plant Cell and Environment, 34: 1–20.
    13. Coons, J.M. and Pratt, R.C. (1988). Physiological and growth responses of Phaseolus vulgaris and P. Acutifolius when grown in fields at two levels of salinity. Annual report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative, 31:88-89.
    14. Demiral, T., Turkan, I. (2005). Comparative lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defence systems and proline content in roots of two rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 53: 247–257.
    15. El-Hendawy, S. E. Hassan, W.M., Al-Suhaibani1, N.A. Refay Y and Abdella. K. A. (2017) Comparative Performance of Multivariable Agro-Physiological Parameters for Detecting Salt Tolerance of Wheat Cultivars under Simulated Saline Field Growing Conditions. Frontiers in Plant Science. 8:435.1-15. 
    16. FAO. (2008). Land and plant nutrition management service. http://www.fao.org/ag/ agl/agll/spush.
    17. Farooq, M., Gogoi, N., Hussain, M., Barthakur, S., Paul, S., Bharadwaj, N., Migdadi, H.M., Alghamdi, S.S., Siddique, K.H.M. (2017). Effects, tolerance mechanisms and management of salt stress in grain Legumes. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 118:199-217.
    18. Farooq, M., Hussain, M., Wakeel, A., Siddique, K.H.M. (2015). Salt stress in maize effects resistance mechanisms and management: a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35: 461- 481. 
    19. Ferri, A., Lluch, C., Caana, A. (2000). Effect of salt stress on carbon metabolism and bacteriod respiration in root nodules of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaries L.). Plant Biology, 2: 396-402. 
    20. Foyer, C.H. and Halliwell, B. (1976). The presence of glutathione and glutathione reductase in chloroplast: a proposed role in ascorbic acid metabolism. Planta, 133: 21–25.
    21. Giannopolitis, C.N. and Ries, S.K. (1977). Superoxide dismutase: Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiology, 59: 309–314.
    22. Hayat, S., Hasan, S.A., Yusuf, M., Hayat, Q., Ahmad, A. (2010). Effect of 28-homobrassinolide on photosynthesis, fluorescence and antioxidant system in the presence or absence of salinity and temperature in Vigna radiata. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 69: 105-112.
    23. Hernandez, J.A., Jimenez, A., Mullineaux, P., Sevilla, F. (2000). Tolerance of pea (Pisum sativum L.) to a long term salt stress is associated with induction of antioxidant defences. Plant Cell and Environment, 23:853-862.
    24. Hoagland, D.R. and Arnon, D.S. (1950). The water culture method for growing plants without soil. California Agricultural Experiment Station Circular, 347: 1–32.
    25. Kabir, M.E., Karim, M.A., Azad, M.A.K. (2004). Effect of potassium on salinity tolerance of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Journal of Biological Sciences, 4: 103-110.
    26. Kafi, M. (2009). Effect of salinity and light on photosynthesis, respiration and chlorophyll fluorescence in salt-sensitive wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 11: 547-555.
    27. Khan, F., Siddiqi, T.O., Zafar, M., Ahmad, A. (2009). Morphological changes and antioxidant defence systems in soybean genotypes as affected by salt stress, Journal of Plant Interactions, 4: 295-306.
    28. Kirst G.O. (1989). Salinity tolerance of eukaryotic marine algae. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 40:21-53.
    29. Lauchli, A. (1984). Salinity tolerance in plants strategies for crop improvement. In: Salt exclusion: An adaptation of legumes for crops and pastures under saline conditions. Staples RC, Toenniessen GH, editors.New York: Wiley. p 171188.
    30. Li, Q.Y, Niu, H.B., Yin, J., Wang, M.B., Shao, H.B., Deng, D.Z., Chen, X.X., Ren, J.P., Li, Y.C. (2008). Protective role of exogenous nitric oxide against oxidative-stress induced by salt stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 65: 220–225.
    31. Manchanda, G. and Garg, N. (2008). Salinity and its effects on the functional biology of legumes. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 30: 595-618. 
    32. Mano, J. (2002). Early events in environmental stresses in plants: induction mechanisms of oxidative stress. In Inzé D, Van Montagu M., eds, Oxidative Stress in Plants. Taylor & Francis, London, pp 217–245.
    33. Maxwell, K. and Johnson, G.N. (2000). Chlorophyll fluorescence: a practical guide. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51: 659–668.
    34. Moreno-Limon, S., Maiti, R.K., Forough bakhch, R. (2000). Genotypic variability in Phaseolus bean cultivars exposed to salinity at the germination stage. Crops Research, 19:487-492.
    35. Nakano, Y. and Asada, K. (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology, 22: 867–880.
    36. Naumann, J.C., Youngm, D. R., and Anderson, J. E. (2008). Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, reflectance, and physiological response to freshwater and saltwater flooding in the evergreen shrub, Myrica cerifera. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 63, 402–409.
    37. Pitann, B., Kranz, T., Zorb, C., Walter, A., Schurr, U., Mühling, K.H. (2011). Apoplastic pH and growth in expanding leaves of Vicia faba under salinity. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 74: 31-36.
    38. Schreiber, U., Schliwa, U., Bilger, W. (1986). Continuous recording of photochemical and non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching with a new type of modulation fluorometer. Photosynthesis Research, 10: 51-62.
    39. Shi, Q., Ding, F., Wang, X., Wei, M. (2007). Exogenous nitric oxide protects cucumber roots against oxidative stress induced by salt stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 45: 542–550.
    40. Subbarao, G.V. and Johansen, C. (1991). Comparitive salinity responses among pigeon pea genotypes and their wild relatives. Crop Science, 31:415-418.
    41. Shahbaz, M., Ashraf, M., Athar, H.R. (2008). Does exogenous application of 24-epibrassinolide ameliorate salt induce growth inhibition in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)?. Plant Growth Regulation, 55:51-64. 
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