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Research Article

volume 40 issue 5 (october 2017) : 878-883,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-3673

Characterization and identification of SSR markers for screening of cowpea genotypes against Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) disease resistance

N
N. Manjunatha
K
K.T. Rangaswamy
R
R.P. Sah
N
N. Nagaraju
P
P. Rudraswamy
1Arid legumes section, ZARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vignan Kendra, Bengaluru-560 065, Karnataka, India

  • Submitted21-12-2015|

  • Accepted23-11-2016|

  • First Online 18-09-2017|

  • doi 10.18805/LR-3673

Cite article:- Manjunatha N., Rangaswamy K.T., Sah R.P., Nagaraju N., Rudraswamy P. (2017). Characterization and identification of SSR markers for screening of cowpea genotypes against Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) disease resistance. Legume Research. 40(5): 878-883. doi: 10.18805/LR-3673.

ABSTRACT

One hundred cowpea genotypes were screened against Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) by artificial inoculation genotypes. The genotypes showed different disease reaction viz., immune, resistant, moderately resistant, Sap moderately susceptible, susceptible and highly susceptible. The SSR markers were characterized using a total of 25 randomly selected resistance and susceptible cowpea genotypes. Among, 10 SSR markers used to screen polymorphism, only 4 primers were found to be polymorphic and they were used for characterization and finding out genetic relationship of cowpea genotypes. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of these SSR markers ranged from 0.23 to 0.37 and single marker analysis (SMA) revealed, out of these 4 SSR markers M 135 marker explained 28.2 % of phenotypic variation (R2). The banding pattern of all cowpea genotypes were scored and dendrogram was constructed. A dendrogram of these genotypes based on SSR polymorphism divided into two major clusters at 35 % similarity. Cluster I was the biggest with 20 genotypes which was further separated as three sub-clusters. Whereas, 5 genotypes grouped in cluster II with two small sub-clusters. The clustering pattern of resistant and susceptible genotypes was not clear, however resistant genotypes such as V-5 and IC 8996 clustered in one group with 100 % similarity. The information provided by the identified markers would be very useful in breeding programs to select cowpea lines resistance to BCMV disease and M 135 was found to be good for rapid and accurate screening of cowpea genotypes against BCMV disease resistance.

REFERENCES

  1. Akkaya, M. S., Bhagwat, A. A. and Cregan, P. B. (1992). Length polymorphisms of simple sequence repeat DNA in soybean. Genetics. 132: 1131-113.
  2. Bashir, M., Ahmad. Z, R. Z. and Mathura, N. (2000). Seed-borne viruses in cowpea germplasms. In: seed-borne viruses: Detection. Identification and control. Pakistan Agricultural research Council, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan, pp156.
  3. Bashir, M. and Ahmad, Z. (2002). Cowpea aphid borne mosaic potyvirus: a review. Int. J. Pest Mang., 48(2): 155-168. 
  4. Dinesh, H. B. (2014). Identification of molecular markers linked to bacterial leaf blight and cowpea mosaic virus resistance in cowpea. Doctoral thesis, University of agricultural sciences, Bengaluru, 2014.
  5. Gioi, T. D., Boora, K. S. and Kamla, C. (2010). Investigation of genetic relationship among yellow mosaic virus resistant cowpea lines using microsatellite markers. Omonrice, 17: 29-40. 
  6. Gioi, T. D., Boora, K. S. and Kamla, C. (2012). Identification and Characterization of SSR Markers Linked to Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance Gene(s) in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). International Journal of Plant Research, 2(1):1-8.
  7. Gumedzoe, M. Y. D. (1993). Major viruses of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) in Togo Cahiere-Agricultures. 2(5): 352-355.
  8. Gubba, A, (1994). Identification of cowpea viruses in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe J. Agric. Res., 32:149-155. 
  9. Hughes, J. D. A. and Shoyinka, S. A. (2003). Overview of viruses of legumes other than groundnut in Africa in Plant virology in sub-    Saharan African, Proceeding of Plant Virology, IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. Eds Hughes JDA, Odu. B. pp 553-568. 
  10. Kumar, B. Akshay, T., Khushbu, V., Vanishree, G., Indu, B., Lal, S. K., Sapra, R. L. and Singh, K. P. (2014). Screening of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes for yellow mosaic virus (YMV) disease resistance and their molecular characterization using RGA and SSRs markers. Australian J. Crop Sci., 8(1): 27-34. 
  11. Leal-Bertioli, S. C. M., Jose, A. C. V. F., Alves-Freitas, D. M. T., Moretzsohn, M. C., Guimaraes, P. M., Nielen, S., Vidigal, B. S., Pereira, R. W., Pike, J., Favero, A. P., Parniske, M., Varshney, R. K. and Bertioli, D. J. (2009). Identification of candidate genome regions controlling disease resistance in Arachis. BMC Plant Biol., 9:112–123.
  12. Li, C. D., Fatokun, C. A., Benjamin, U., Singh, B. B. and Scoles, G. J. (2001). Determining genetic similarities and relationships among cowpea breeding lines and cultivars by microsatellite markers. Crop Sci., 41: 189-97.
  13. Lodhi, M. A., Ye, G. N., Weeden, N. F. and Reisch, B. (1994). A simple and efficient method for DNA extraction from grapevine cultivars and Vitis species. Pl. Mol. Biol. Reptr., 12:13-16.
  14. Manjunatha, N., Rudraswamy, P., Rangaswamy, K. T. Nagaraju, N. and Prameela, H. A. (2015). Identification of host plant resistance to bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) in cowpea genotypes. The Bioscan, 10(4):2057-2063.
  15. Maruthi, M. N., Colvin, J., Seal, S. E. and Thresh, J. M. (2002). First report of a distinct begomovirus infecting cassava from Zanzibar. Pl. Dis., 86: 187.
  16. Mondal, S., Badigannavar, A. M. and D’Souza, S. F. (2012). Molecular tagging of a rust resistance gene in cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) introgressed from Arachis cardenasii. Mol. Breed., 29: 467–476. 
  17. Muniyappa, V. (1976). Studies on a mosaic disease of rrench bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Madras Agril. J. 63:69–70. 
  18. Rohlf, F. J. (1998). NTSYSpc: Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system. Version 2.02. Exeter Publications, New York, USA. 
  19. Sahoo, B. K. and Hota, A. K. (1991). Screening of green gram germplasm against insect pest and disease complex. Madras Agril. J., 78: 84-86.
  20. Singh, B. B. Mohan, D. R. Dashiell, K. E. and Jackai, L. E. N., (1997). Advances in cowpea Research, IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. 
  21. Sujay, V., Gowda, M.V.C., Pandey, M. K., Bhat, R. S., Khedikar, Y. P., Nadaf, H. L., Gautami, B., Sarvamangala, C., Lingaraju, S., Radhakrishan, T., Knapp, S. J. and Varshney, R. K. (2012). Quantitative trait locus analysis and construction of consensus genetic map for foliar disease resistance based on two recombinant inbred line populations in cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Mol Breed. 30:773–788.
  22. Taiwo, M. A. (2003). Viruses infecting legumes in Nigeria: case history. Pp 364-378 in: Plant virology in sub-Saharan Africa. Proc. Conf. Organized by IITA. J. d’A. Hughes and J. Odu, eds. Intl. Inst. Trop. Agric. Ibadan, Nigeria. 
  23. Young, R. A. and Kelly, J. D. (1997). RAPD markers linked to three major anthracnose resistance genes in common bean. Crop Sci., 37: 940–946. GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 
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    Research Article

    volume 40 issue 5 (october 2017) : 878-883,   Doi: 10.18805/LR-3673

    Characterization and identification of SSR markers for screening of cowpea genotypes against Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) disease resistance

    N
    N. Manjunatha
    K
    K.T. Rangaswamy
    R
    R.P. Sah
    N
    N. Nagaraju
    P
    P. Rudraswamy
    1Arid legumes section, ZARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vignan Kendra, Bengaluru-560 065, Karnataka, India

    • Submitted21-12-2015|

    • Accepted23-11-2016|

    • First Online 18-09-2017|

    • doi 10.18805/LR-3673

    Cite article:- Manjunatha N., Rangaswamy K.T., Sah R.P., Nagaraju N., Rudraswamy P. (2017). Characterization and identification of SSR markers for screening of cowpea genotypes against Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) disease resistance. Legume Research. 40(5): 878-883. doi: 10.18805/LR-3673.

    ABSTRACT

    One hundred cowpea genotypes were screened against Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) by artificial inoculation genotypes. The genotypes showed different disease reaction viz., immune, resistant, moderately resistant, Sap moderately susceptible, susceptible and highly susceptible. The SSR markers were characterized using a total of 25 randomly selected resistance and susceptible cowpea genotypes. Among, 10 SSR markers used to screen polymorphism, only 4 primers were found to be polymorphic and they were used for characterization and finding out genetic relationship of cowpea genotypes. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of these SSR markers ranged from 0.23 to 0.37 and single marker analysis (SMA) revealed, out of these 4 SSR markers M 135 marker explained 28.2 % of phenotypic variation (R2). The banding pattern of all cowpea genotypes were scored and dendrogram was constructed. A dendrogram of these genotypes based on SSR polymorphism divided into two major clusters at 35 % similarity. Cluster I was the biggest with 20 genotypes which was further separated as three sub-clusters. Whereas, 5 genotypes grouped in cluster II with two small sub-clusters. The clustering pattern of resistant and susceptible genotypes was not clear, however resistant genotypes such as V-5 and IC 8996 clustered in one group with 100 % similarity. The information provided by the identified markers would be very useful in breeding programs to select cowpea lines resistance to BCMV disease and M 135 was found to be good for rapid and accurate screening of cowpea genotypes against BCMV disease resistance.

    REFERENCES

    1. Akkaya, M. S., Bhagwat, A. A. and Cregan, P. B. (1992). Length polymorphisms of simple sequence repeat DNA in soybean. Genetics. 132: 1131-113.
    2. Bashir, M., Ahmad. Z, R. Z. and Mathura, N. (2000). Seed-borne viruses in cowpea germplasms. In: seed-borne viruses: Detection. Identification and control. Pakistan Agricultural research Council, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan, pp156.
    3. Bashir, M. and Ahmad, Z. (2002). Cowpea aphid borne mosaic potyvirus: a review. Int. J. Pest Mang., 48(2): 155-168. 
    4. Dinesh, H. B. (2014). Identification of molecular markers linked to bacterial leaf blight and cowpea mosaic virus resistance in cowpea. Doctoral thesis, University of agricultural sciences, Bengaluru, 2014.
    5. Gioi, T. D., Boora, K. S. and Kamla, C. (2010). Investigation of genetic relationship among yellow mosaic virus resistant cowpea lines using microsatellite markers. Omonrice, 17: 29-40. 
    6. Gioi, T. D., Boora, K. S. and Kamla, C. (2012). Identification and Characterization of SSR Markers Linked to Yellow Mosaic Virus Resistance Gene(s) in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). International Journal of Plant Research, 2(1):1-8.
    7. Gumedzoe, M. Y. D. (1993). Major viruses of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) in Togo Cahiere-Agricultures. 2(5): 352-355.
    8. Gubba, A, (1994). Identification of cowpea viruses in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe J. Agric. Res., 32:149-155. 
    9. Hughes, J. D. A. and Shoyinka, S. A. (2003). Overview of viruses of legumes other than groundnut in Africa in Plant virology in sub-    Saharan African, Proceeding of Plant Virology, IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. Eds Hughes JDA, Odu. B. pp 553-568. 
    10. Kumar, B. Akshay, T., Khushbu, V., Vanishree, G., Indu, B., Lal, S. K., Sapra, R. L. and Singh, K. P. (2014). Screening of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes for yellow mosaic virus (YMV) disease resistance and their molecular characterization using RGA and SSRs markers. Australian J. Crop Sci., 8(1): 27-34. 
    11. Leal-Bertioli, S. C. M., Jose, A. C. V. F., Alves-Freitas, D. M. T., Moretzsohn, M. C., Guimaraes, P. M., Nielen, S., Vidigal, B. S., Pereira, R. W., Pike, J., Favero, A. P., Parniske, M., Varshney, R. K. and Bertioli, D. J. (2009). Identification of candidate genome regions controlling disease resistance in Arachis. BMC Plant Biol., 9:112–123.
    12. Li, C. D., Fatokun, C. A., Benjamin, U., Singh, B. B. and Scoles, G. J. (2001). Determining genetic similarities and relationships among cowpea breeding lines and cultivars by microsatellite markers. Crop Sci., 41: 189-97.
    13. Lodhi, M. A., Ye, G. N., Weeden, N. F. and Reisch, B. (1994). A simple and efficient method for DNA extraction from grapevine cultivars and Vitis species. Pl. Mol. Biol. Reptr., 12:13-16.
    14. Manjunatha, N., Rudraswamy, P., Rangaswamy, K. T. Nagaraju, N. and Prameela, H. A. (2015). Identification of host plant resistance to bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) in cowpea genotypes. The Bioscan, 10(4):2057-2063.
    15. Maruthi, M. N., Colvin, J., Seal, S. E. and Thresh, J. M. (2002). First report of a distinct begomovirus infecting cassava from Zanzibar. Pl. Dis., 86: 187.
    16. Mondal, S., Badigannavar, A. M. and D’Souza, S. F. (2012). Molecular tagging of a rust resistance gene in cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) introgressed from Arachis cardenasii. Mol. Breed., 29: 467–476. 
    17. Muniyappa, V. (1976). Studies on a mosaic disease of rrench bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Madras Agril. J. 63:69–70. 
    18. Rohlf, F. J. (1998). NTSYSpc: Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system. Version 2.02. Exeter Publications, New York, USA. 
    19. Sahoo, B. K. and Hota, A. K. (1991). Screening of green gram germplasm against insect pest and disease complex. Madras Agril. J., 78: 84-86.
    20. Singh, B. B. Mohan, D. R. Dashiell, K. E. and Jackai, L. E. N., (1997). Advances in cowpea Research, IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. 
    21. Sujay, V., Gowda, M.V.C., Pandey, M. K., Bhat, R. S., Khedikar, Y. P., Nadaf, H. L., Gautami, B., Sarvamangala, C., Lingaraju, S., Radhakrishan, T., Knapp, S. J. and Varshney, R. K. (2012). Quantitative trait locus analysis and construction of consensus genetic map for foliar disease resistance based on two recombinant inbred line populations in cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Mol Breed. 30:773–788.
    22. Taiwo, M. A. (2003). Viruses infecting legumes in Nigeria: case history. Pp 364-378 in: Plant virology in sub-Saharan Africa. Proc. Conf. Organized by IITA. J. d’A. Hughes and J. Odu, eds. Intl. Inst. Trop. Agric. Ibadan, Nigeria. 
    23. Young, R. A. and Kelly, J. D. (1997). RAPD markers linked to three major anthracnose resistance genes in common bean. Crop Sci., 37: 940–946. GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 
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