Legume Research

  • Chief EditorJ. S. Sandhu

  • Print ISSN 0250-5371

  • Online ISSN 0976-0571

  • NAAS Rating 6.80

  • SJR 0.391

  • Impact Factor 0.8 (2024)

Frequency :
Monthly (January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December)
Indexing Services :
BIOSIS Preview, ISI Citation Index, Biological Abstracts, Elsevier (Scopus and Embase), AGRICOLA, Google Scholar, CrossRef, CAB Abstracting Journals, Chemical Abstracts, Indian Science Abstracts, EBSCO Indexing Services, Index Copernicus
Legume Research, volume 39 issue 6 (december 2016) : 962-969

Growth and yield response of cowpea to multiaction bioinoculants

Jidhu Vaishnavi, S.*, Jeyakumar, P.
1<p>Department of Crop Physiology,&nbsp;Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Coimbatore-641 003, India.</p>
Cite article:- Vaishnavi Jidhu, S.*, Jeyakumar, P. (2016). Growth and yield response of cowpea to multiaction bioinoculants . Legume Research. 39(6): 962-969. doi: 10.18805/lr.v0iOF.9282.

Studies were taken up to estimate the morpho-physiological changes in cowpea due to a multiaction bioinoculants (TagTeam) as seed treatment. Seed treatment with TagTeam @ 8.1g/kg showed significant increase in plant height, root length and number of nodules as  compared to control. Physiological parameters such as leaf area, total dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll index were also found higher in seed treatment with TagTeam @ 8.1g/kg. Co-inocultion of Rhizobium and Penicillium (TagTeam) @ 8.1g/kg enhanced the uptake of NPK in cowpea. Available NPK was found non significant with initial soil sample and found maximum with control and lower content in TagTeam seed treatment @ 8.1g/kg. Seed treatment with TagTeam @ 8.1g/kg increased the yield by 13.36 per cent over control and improved yield components and seed protein content in cowpea. 


  1. Ahemad, M., Kirbet, M. (2014). Mechanisms and applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: Current perspective. Journal of King Saud University – Science, 26: 1–20

  2. Ahmed, R., Solaiman, A. R. M., Halder, N. K., Siddiky, M. A., Islam, M.S. (2007). Effect of Inoculation Methods of Rhizobium on yield attributes, yield and protein content in seed of Pea. J. Soil. Nature, 1: 30-35.

  3. Ameresh , C., Bhatt, R.K. (1999). Biochemical and physiological response to salysilic acid in relation to the systematic acquired resistance. Photosynthetica, 35: 255-258.

  4. Anjum, M.S., Ahmed, Z. I., Rauf, C. A. (2006). Effect of Rhizobium Inoculation and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Mungbean. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 8: 1560-8530.

  5. Bashan, Y., Levanony, H., Whitmoyer, R.E. (1991). Root surface colonization of non-cereal crop plants by pleomorphic Azospirillum brasilense. Microbiology, 137: 187–196.

  6. Beauchamp, E.G. (1986). Availability of nitrogen from three manures to corn field. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 66: 713-720.

  7. Bhattacharyya, R.N., Pati, B.R. (2000). Growth behavior and indole-acetic acid (IAA) production by arhizobium isolated from root nodules of Alysicarpus vaginalis DC. Acta Microbiologicaet Immunologica Hungarica, 47: 41-51.

  8. Biari, A., Gholami, A., Rahmani, H.A. (2008). Growth promotion and Enhanced uptake of maize (Zea mays L.) by application of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria in arid region of Iran. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, 102: 351-355.

  9. Bradford, M.M. (1971). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of micro quantities of proteins utilizing principle of protein – dye binding. Annals of Biochemistry, 72: 248-254.

  10. Chandrababu, R. (1990). Physiological basis for yield improvement in greengram (Vigna radiate (L.) Wilzcek.) cultivars. Ph.D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.

  11. Christy Kala, T., Mary Christi, R., RenukaBai, N. (2011). Effect of Rhizobium inoculation on the growth and yield of horsegram (Dolichos biflorusLinn.). Plant Arch., 11: 97-99.

  12. Çigdem, K. (2011). Inoculation with Rhizobium spp. In kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties. Žemdirbyste Agriculture, 98: 49–56.

  13. Dashti, N., Zhang F, Hynes, RK., Smith DL. (1997). Application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) increases protein and dry matter yield undershort season conditions. Plant Soil, 188: 33-41.

  14. Fatima, Z., Muhammad, M., Mfayyaz, C. (2006). Effect of Rhizobium Strains and Phosphorus on Growth of Soybean (Glycine max) and Survival of Rhizobium and P Solubilizing Bacteria. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 38: 459-464. 

  15. Fontenele, A.J.P.B., Barros, M.D.C., Vasconcelos, R.R.A., Silva, E.F.F., Santos, P.M. (2014). Growth of cowpea plants inoculated with Rhizobium in a saline-sodic soil after application of gypsum. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 45: 499-507.

  16. Gangwar, RK, Bhushan G., Singh J, Upadhyay, SK., Singh AP. (2013).Combined effects of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria and fungi on Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Research, 4: 4422-26.

  17. Geeta, B.P., Lakshman, H.C., Romana, M.M., Agadi, B.S. (2013). Effect of co-inoculation of AM fungi and two beneficial microorganisms on growth and nutrient uptake of Eleusine coracana Gaertn. (Finger millet). Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 3: 26-30.

  18. Guo, Y. YuNi, Jianguo Huang (2012). Effects of Rhizobium, arbuscular mycorrhiza and lime on nodulation, growth and nutrient uptake of lucerne in acid purplish soil in China. Tropical Grasslands, 44: 109–114.

  19. Jeyakumar, P., S. Muthaiya, C.N. Chandrasekhar and N.O. Gopal. (2014). Nutriophysiological changes due to soil applied phosphorous and Penicillium bilaii seed treatments in maize. In: XVII. International Plant Nutrtion Colloquium and Boron Satellite Meeting Proceedings Book, PP 455-456, Sabanci University, Istanbul. ISBN 978-605-4348-62-6. 

  20. Hayman, D.S. (1983). The physiology of vesicular arbuscular endomycorrhizal symbiosis. Canadian Journal of Botany, 61: 944-963.

  21. Heisinger, K.G. (1998). Effect of Penicillium bilaii on Root Morphology and Architecture of Pea (Pisum sativum L.). M.Sc Thesis. University of Manitoba, Winipeg, Manitoba..

  22. Humphries, E.C. (1956). Mineral components and ash analysis. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Vol-I, 468-502.

  23. Krishna, K.R., Bagyaraj, D.J. (1984). Growth and nutrient uptake of peanut inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatum compared with uninoculated ones. Plant Soil 17: 405-408.

  24. Lebot, T., Pilbeamand, D.J., Kirkby, E.A. (1994). Plant mineral nutrition in crop production In: Mechanisms of plant growth and improved productivity modern approaches, (Ed.) Basra, A.S., Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, pp. 33-72.

  25. Madhavan, S., Karnan, M., Senthilkumar, G., Kulothungan, S., Panneerselvam, A. (2012). Effect of biofertilizers on morphological and physiological parameters of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Advances in Applied Science Research, 3: 3269-3272.

  26. Murali, M., Amruthesh, K.N., Sudisha, J., Niranjana, S.R., Shetty, H.S. (2012). Screening for plant growth promoting fungi and their ability for growth promotion and induction of resistance in pearl millet against downy mildew disease. Journal of Phytology, 4: 30-36.

  27. Muthaiya, S. (2010). Physiological Effects of Phosphate inoculants (JumpStart) in Maize (Zea mays L.). M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis submitted to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.

  28. Omar, S.A. (1998). The role of rock phosphate solubilizing fungi and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) in growth of wheat plants fertilized with rock phosphate. World J. Microbiol. and Biotechnology, 14: 211–219.

  29. Pandey, A., Das, N., Kumar, B., Rinu, K., Trivedi, P. (2008). Phosphate solubilization by Penicillium spp. Isolated from soil samples of Indian Himalayan region. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnology, 24: 97-102.

  30. Pandey, R.P., Nair, P.K.R., Tiwari, J.P. (1981). Correlation of morpho-physiological and sink parameters in Cowpea. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, 51: 221-224.

  31. Panse, V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. (1961). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers, 2nd Edition ICAR, New Delhi. pp: 361.

  32. Park M., Singvilay, O., Seok, Y., Chung, J., Ahn, K., Sa, T. (2003). Effect of phosphate solubilizing fungi on P uptake and growth to tobacco in rock phosphate applied soil. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fertiliser, 36: 233–238.

  33. Piper, C.S. (1966). Soil and plant analysis. Hans Publishers, Mumbai, India.

  34. Plaxton, WC. (2004). Plant response to stress: biochemical adaptations to phosphate deficiency. In: Goodman R, ed. Encyclopedia of plant and crop science. New York, Marcel Dekker, 976–980.

  35. Prasanna, R. (2013). Physiological impact of phosphate solubilising inoculants (Jumpstart) in Rice. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis submitted to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.

  36. Prasanna, R., Ravichandran, V., Jeyakumar, P., Arul, L., Jeyaprakash, P., Robin, S. (2012). Influencence of Phosphorous solubilizing inoculants to reduce the phosphorous starvation stress in seedling and active tillering stage of Rice. In: Physiological and Molecular approaches for development of climate resilient crops. National seminar of plant physiology, 30.

  37. Rajasekaran, S., Nagarajan, S.M., Arumugam, K., Sravanamuthu, R., Balamurugan, S. (2006). Effect of dual inoculation (VAM fungi and Rhizobium) on Chlorophyll content of Arachis hypogaea L. CV. TMV-2. Plant Archives, 6: 671-672.

  38. Reyes, I., Bernier, L., Simard, R., Antoun, H. (1999). Effect of nitrogen source on solubilization of different inorganic phosphates by anisolate of Pencillium rugulosum and two UV-induced mutants. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 28: 281–290.

  39. Ruiz, M., Castilla, N., Romero, L. (2000). Nitrogen metabolism in pepper applied with different bio regulators. Journal of Agri. Food Chemistry, 48: 2925-2929.

  40. Sampath kumar, G., Ganesh kumar, A. (2003). Effect of AM fungi and Rhizobium on growth and nutrition of Vigna mungo L. and Vingna unguiculata L. Mycorrhiza News 14: 15-18.

  41. Shah, Z., Ahmad, I. (2006). Effect of integrated use of farm yard manure and urea on yield and nitrogen uptake of wheat. J. Agr. Bio. Science, 1: 60-64.

  42. Shibles, R.M., Weber, C.R. (1966). Interception of solar radiation and dry matter production by various soybean planting pattern. Crop Science, 5: 49-52.

  43. Solaiman, A. R. M., Rabbani, M. G. (2005). Effects of Rhizobium inoculant and nitrogen application of pea. Bangladesh J. Microbiology, 21: 36-40. 

  44. SrinivasanRao, C.H., SubbaRao, A., Takka, P.N. (1997). Potassium availability and release behaviour in earthworm caste and non- ingested soils. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science, 45: 310-314.

  45. Steenhoudt, O., Vanderleyden, J., (2000). Azospirillum, a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium closely associated with grasses: genetic, biochemical and ecological aspects. FEMS Microbiol Review, 24: 487–506.

  46. Stitt, M., Quick, W.P. (1989). Photosynthetic carbon partitioning: its regulation and possibilities for manipulation. Physiologia Plantarum, 77: 633-641.

  47. Thandapani, V. (1985). Leaf growth attributes a comparative physiological factor for the genotypes of greengram in relation to yield. Madras Agricultural Journal, 72: 126-132.

  48. Thiagarajan, T. R., Ames, R. N., Ahmad, M. H. (1992). Response of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) to inoculation with co-    selected vesicular–arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium strains in field trials. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 38: 573-576.

  49. Upadhayay, R.G., Singh, B.B., Yadav, D.N. (1993). Effect of bioregulators on biochemical constituents and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 36: 195-196.

  50. Utpal, M., Bandopadhyay, P.K. (2004). Evaluation of nitrogen assimilation and productivity of green gram (Vigna radiate L. Wilczek.) in presence or absence of Rhizobium sp. and molybdenum. Journal of International Academica, 8: 327-335.

  51. Vessey, J.K., Hesinger, K.G. (2001). Effect of Penicillium bilaii inoculation and phosphorus fertilisation on root and shoot parameters of field-grown pea. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 81: 361–366.

  52. Wakelin, S.A., Warren, R.A., Harvey, P.R., Ryder, M.H. (2007). The effect of phosphate solubilization of Penicillium species closely associated with wheat roots. Biol. Fertility, 40: 36-43.

  53. Yadegari, M., Asadi Rahmani H. (2010). Evaluation of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds’ inoculation with Rhizobium phaseoli and plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield and yield components. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5: 792-799.

     

Editorial Board

View all (0)