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volume 36 issue 6 (december 2013) : 582-588

BIOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS: AN INDEX OF BRUCHID RESISTANCE IN RICE BEAN [VIGNA UMBELLATA (THUNB.) OHWI AND OHASHI]

B
B.V. Pavithravani*
R
Rame Gowda
K
K. Bhanuprakash
S
S. Ramesh
M
Mohan A. Rao
S
S. Subramanya
C
C. Gireesh
1Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru-560 065, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Pavithravani* B.V., Gowda Rame, Bhanuprakash K., Ramesh S., Rao A. Mohan, Subramanya S., Gireesh C. (2025). BIOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS: AN INDEX OF BRUCHID RESISTANCE IN RICE BEAN [VIGNA UMBELLATA (THUNB.) OHWI AND OHASHI]. Legume Research. 36(6): 582-588. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Rice bean seeds are frequently damaged by bruchids during storage. The damaged seeds are unfit for propagation, direct human consumption and processing. Understanding of factor (s) contributing to bruchid resistance is useful for development of rice bean cultivars with genetic resistance to bruchid damage. The role of secondary metabolites such as á-amylase inhibitor, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, tannic acid and pyrogallol contents in conferring rice bean seed resistance to bruchid infestation was investigated. The results suggested significant role of á-amylase inhibitory activity in imparting bruchid resistance. The results of the study are discussed in relation to breeding rice bean for bruchid resistance.

REFERENCES

  1. Acosta-Gallegos, J.A., Kelly, J.D. and Gepts, P. (2008). Prebreeding in common bean and use of genetic diversity from wild germplasm. Crop Sci. 48: 3-16.
  2. Anonymous. (1994). Statistical software version 3.0. Pascal international software solutions, USA.
  3. Castellanos and Espinosa-Garcia, F. J. (1997). Plant secondary metabolite diversity trait against insects: a test with Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and seed secondary metabolites. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 25: 591-602.
  4. Edwards, O. and Singh, K.B. (2006). Resistance to insect pests: What do legumes have to offer? Euphytica. 147: 273-285.
  5. Gwalik, D.U., Zlotek, U. and Swieca, M. (2007). Characterization of polyphenol oxidase from butter lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.). Food Chem. 107: 129-135.
  6. Huesing, J.E., Shade, R.E., Chrispeels, M.J. and Murdock, L.L. (1991). á-Amylase inhibitor, not phytohemagglutinin explains the resistance of common bean seeds to cowpea weevil. Plant Physiol. 96: 993-996.
  7. IITA. (1986). Joint Project 31-Semi-Arid Food Grain Research and Development (SAFGRAD). Final Report, Phase I. The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA): Ibadan, Nigeria.
  8. Ishimoto, M. and Kitamura, K. (1989). Growth inhibitory effect of á-amylases inhibitor from kidney bean (Phaselous vulgaris L.) on three species of bruchids (Coleoptera:Bruchidae). Appl. Entomol. and Zool. 24: 281-286.
  9. Ishimoto, M., Sato, T., Chrispeels, M.J. and Kitamura, K. (1996). Bruchid resistance of transgenic adzuki bean expressing seed á-amylase inhibitor of common bean. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 79: 309-315.
  10. Kashiwaba, K., Tomooka, N., Kaga, A., Han, O.K. and Vaughan, D.A. (2003). Characterization of resistance to three bruchid species (Callosobruchus spp., Coleoptera, Bruchidae) in cultivated rice bean (Vigna umbellata). J. Econ. Entomol. 96: 207-213.
  11. Kaur, D. and Kapoor, A.C. (1992). Nutrient composition and antinutritional factors of rice bean. Food Chem. 43: 119-124.
  12. Lowry, O.H., Rose Brough, J., Farrland, A.L. and Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with Folin-Phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265-275.
  13. Minney, B.H.P., Gatehouse, A.M.R., Dobie, P., Dendy, J., Cardona, C. and Gatehouse, J.A. (1990). Biochemical bases of seed resistance to Zabrotes subfasciatus (bean weevil) in Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean); A mechanism for arcelin toxicity. J. Insect Physiol. 36 (10): 757-767.
  14. Morton, R.L., Schroeder, H.E., Bateman, K.S., Chrispeels, M.J., Armstrong, E. and Higgins, T.J.V. (2000). Bean á- amylase inhibitor 1 in transgenic peas (Pisum sativum) provides complete protection from pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum) under field conditions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97: 3820-3825.
  15. Naik, R. M. and Jadhav, S.S. (2002). Biochemical basis of resistance to stored grain pests in rice bean (Vigna umbellata). Indian J. Agr. Biochem. 14(1/2): 57-58.
  16. Nishizawa, K., Teraishi, M., Utsumi, S. and Ishimoto, M. (2007). Assessment of the importance of a-amylase inhibitor- 2 in bruchid resistance of wild common bean, Theor. Appl. Genet. 114: 755-764.
  17. Odhav, B., Kandasamy, T., Khumalo, N. and Baijnath, H. (2010). Screening of African traditional vegetables for their alpha-amylase inhibitory effect. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 4(14): 1502-1507.
  18. Painter, R.H. (1951). Insect resistance in crop plants. Mac Millan Co., New York.
  19. Panda, N. and Khush, G.S. (1995). Host Plant Resistance to Insects. CAB International in association with International Rice Research Institute (IRRI): Biddles Ltd.: Guildford, UK.
  20. Pavithravani, B.V. (2012). Seed quality assessment, molecular diversity analysis and tagging of DNA markers linked to bruchid resistance in rice bean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi]. Ph.D. thesis submitted to University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore.
  21. Qian, M., Haser, R., Buisson, G., Dueâe, E. and Payan, F. (1994). The active center of a mammalian a-amylase. Structure of the complex of a pancreatic a-amylase with a carbohydrate inhibitor refined to 2.2 A Ê resolution. Biochemistry. 33: 6284-6294.
  22. Raymond, J., Rakariyatham, N. and Azanza, J.L. (1993). Purification and some properties of polyphenol oxidase from sunflower seeds. Phytochem. 34: 927-931.
  23. Sadasivam, S. and Manickam, A. (2008). Biochemical methods (third edition). New age international (P) limited publishers, pp. 203-204.
  24. Seehalak, W., Tomooka, N., Waranyuwat, A., Thipyapong, P., Laosuwan, P., Kaga, A. and Vaughan, D.A. (2006). Genetic diversity of the Vigna germplasm from Thailand and neighbouring regions revealed by AFLP analysis. Genet. Resour. Crop Ev. 53 (5): 1043-1059.
  25. Shaheen, F.A., Khaliq, A. and Aslam, M. (2006). Resistance of chickpea (Cicer arientium L.) cultivars against pulse beetles. Pak. J. Bot. 38: 1224-1244.
  26. Shirley, B.W. (1998). Flavonoids in seeds and grains: physiological function, agronomic importance and the genetics of biosynthesis. Seed Sci. Res. 8: 415-422.
  27. Sogaard, M., Kadziola, A., Haser, R. and Svensson, B. (1993). Site-directed mutagenesis of histidine-93, aspartic acid- 180, glutamic acid- 205, histidine-290, and aspartic acid-291 at the active site and tryptophan-279 at the raw starch binding site in barley a- amylase. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 22480-22484.
  28. Solleti, S.K., Bakshi, S., Purkayastha, J., Panda, S.K. and Sahoo, L. (2008). Transgenic cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds expressing a bean a-amylase inhibitor 1 confer resistance to storage pests, bruchid beetles. Plant Cell Rep. 27: 1841-1850.
  29. Somta, P., Kaga, A., Tomooka, N., Isemura, T., Vaughan, D.A. and Srinives, P. (2008) Mapping of quantitative trait loci for a new source of resistance to bruchids in the wild species Vigna nepalens Tateishi & Maxted (Vigna subgenus Ceratotropis). Theor. Appl. Genet. 117: 621-628.
  30. Somta, P., Kaga, A., Tomooka, N., Kashiwaba, K., Isemura, K., Chaitieng, B., Srinives, P. and Vaughan, D. A. (2006). Development of an interspecific Vigna linkage map between Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi and V. nakashimae (Ohwi) Ohwi & Ohashi and its use in analysis of bruchid resistance and comparative genomics. Plant Breeding. 125: 77-84.
  31. Srinivasan, T. and Durairaj, C. (2007). Biochemical basis of resistance in rice bean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb). Ohwi and Ohaswi] against Callosobruchus maculatus. J. Entomology. 4(5): 371-378.
  32. Tomooka, N., Kashiwaba, K., Vaughan, D.A., Ishimoto, M. and Egawa, Y. (2000).The effectiveness of evaluating wild species: Searching for sources of resistance to bruchid beetles in the genus Vigna subgenus Ceratotropis. Euphytica, 115:27-41.
  33. Wu, S.J., Wang, J.S., Lin, C.C. and Chang, C.H. (2001). Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Legumes. Phytomedicine. 8(3): 213-219.
  34. Yamada, T., Ikeda, M., Kobayashi, M. and Hattori, K. (2003). Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding larval á- amylase of adzuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis. J. Insect Biotechnol. Sericol. 72: 139-148.
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    volume 36 issue 6 (december 2013) : 582-588

    BIOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS: AN INDEX OF BRUCHID RESISTANCE IN RICE BEAN [VIGNA UMBELLATA (THUNB.) OHWI AND OHASHI]

    B
    B.V. Pavithravani*
    R
    Rame Gowda
    K
    K. Bhanuprakash
    S
    S. Ramesh
    M
    Mohan A. Rao
    S
    S. Subramanya
    C
    C. Gireesh
    1Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru-560 065, India

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- Pavithravani* B.V., Gowda Rame, Bhanuprakash K., Ramesh S., Rao A. Mohan, Subramanya S., Gireesh C. (2025). BIOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS: AN INDEX OF BRUCHID RESISTANCE IN RICE BEAN [VIGNA UMBELLATA (THUNB.) OHWI AND OHASHI]. Legume Research. 36(6): 582-588. doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    Rice bean seeds are frequently damaged by bruchids during storage. The damaged seeds are unfit for propagation, direct human consumption and processing. Understanding of factor (s) contributing to bruchid resistance is useful for development of rice bean cultivars with genetic resistance to bruchid damage. The role of secondary metabolites such as á-amylase inhibitor, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, tannic acid and pyrogallol contents in conferring rice bean seed resistance to bruchid infestation was investigated. The results suggested significant role of á-amylase inhibitory activity in imparting bruchid resistance. The results of the study are discussed in relation to breeding rice bean for bruchid resistance.

    REFERENCES

    1. Acosta-Gallegos, J.A., Kelly, J.D. and Gepts, P. (2008). Prebreeding in common bean and use of genetic diversity from wild germplasm. Crop Sci. 48: 3-16.
    2. Anonymous. (1994). Statistical software version 3.0. Pascal international software solutions, USA.
    3. Castellanos and Espinosa-Garcia, F. J. (1997). Plant secondary metabolite diversity trait against insects: a test with Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and seed secondary metabolites. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 25: 591-602.
    4. Edwards, O. and Singh, K.B. (2006). Resistance to insect pests: What do legumes have to offer? Euphytica. 147: 273-285.
    5. Gwalik, D.U., Zlotek, U. and Swieca, M. (2007). Characterization of polyphenol oxidase from butter lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.). Food Chem. 107: 129-135.
    6. Huesing, J.E., Shade, R.E., Chrispeels, M.J. and Murdock, L.L. (1991). á-Amylase inhibitor, not phytohemagglutinin explains the resistance of common bean seeds to cowpea weevil. Plant Physiol. 96: 993-996.
    7. IITA. (1986). Joint Project 31-Semi-Arid Food Grain Research and Development (SAFGRAD). Final Report, Phase I. The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA): Ibadan, Nigeria.
    8. Ishimoto, M. and Kitamura, K. (1989). Growth inhibitory effect of á-amylases inhibitor from kidney bean (Phaselous vulgaris L.) on three species of bruchids (Coleoptera:Bruchidae). Appl. Entomol. and Zool. 24: 281-286.
    9. Ishimoto, M., Sato, T., Chrispeels, M.J. and Kitamura, K. (1996). Bruchid resistance of transgenic adzuki bean expressing seed á-amylase inhibitor of common bean. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 79: 309-315.
    10. Kashiwaba, K., Tomooka, N., Kaga, A., Han, O.K. and Vaughan, D.A. (2003). Characterization of resistance to three bruchid species (Callosobruchus spp., Coleoptera, Bruchidae) in cultivated rice bean (Vigna umbellata). J. Econ. Entomol. 96: 207-213.
    11. Kaur, D. and Kapoor, A.C. (1992). Nutrient composition and antinutritional factors of rice bean. Food Chem. 43: 119-124.
    12. Lowry, O.H., Rose Brough, J., Farrland, A.L. and Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with Folin-Phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265-275.
    13. Minney, B.H.P., Gatehouse, A.M.R., Dobie, P., Dendy, J., Cardona, C. and Gatehouse, J.A. (1990). Biochemical bases of seed resistance to Zabrotes subfasciatus (bean weevil) in Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean); A mechanism for arcelin toxicity. J. Insect Physiol. 36 (10): 757-767.
    14. Morton, R.L., Schroeder, H.E., Bateman, K.S., Chrispeels, M.J., Armstrong, E. and Higgins, T.J.V. (2000). Bean á- amylase inhibitor 1 in transgenic peas (Pisum sativum) provides complete protection from pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum) under field conditions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97: 3820-3825.
    15. Naik, R. M. and Jadhav, S.S. (2002). Biochemical basis of resistance to stored grain pests in rice bean (Vigna umbellata). Indian J. Agr. Biochem. 14(1/2): 57-58.
    16. Nishizawa, K., Teraishi, M., Utsumi, S. and Ishimoto, M. (2007). Assessment of the importance of a-amylase inhibitor- 2 in bruchid resistance of wild common bean, Theor. Appl. Genet. 114: 755-764.
    17. Odhav, B., Kandasamy, T., Khumalo, N. and Baijnath, H. (2010). Screening of African traditional vegetables for their alpha-amylase inhibitory effect. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 4(14): 1502-1507.
    18. Painter, R.H. (1951). Insect resistance in crop plants. Mac Millan Co., New York.
    19. Panda, N. and Khush, G.S. (1995). Host Plant Resistance to Insects. CAB International in association with International Rice Research Institute (IRRI): Biddles Ltd.: Guildford, UK.
    20. Pavithravani, B.V. (2012). Seed quality assessment, molecular diversity analysis and tagging of DNA markers linked to bruchid resistance in rice bean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi]. Ph.D. thesis submitted to University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore.
    21. Qian, M., Haser, R., Buisson, G., Dueâe, E. and Payan, F. (1994). The active center of a mammalian a-amylase. Structure of the complex of a pancreatic a-amylase with a carbohydrate inhibitor refined to 2.2 A Ê resolution. Biochemistry. 33: 6284-6294.
    22. Raymond, J., Rakariyatham, N. and Azanza, J.L. (1993). Purification and some properties of polyphenol oxidase from sunflower seeds. Phytochem. 34: 927-931.
    23. Sadasivam, S. and Manickam, A. (2008). Biochemical methods (third edition). New age international (P) limited publishers, pp. 203-204.
    24. Seehalak, W., Tomooka, N., Waranyuwat, A., Thipyapong, P., Laosuwan, P., Kaga, A. and Vaughan, D.A. (2006). Genetic diversity of the Vigna germplasm from Thailand and neighbouring regions revealed by AFLP analysis. Genet. Resour. Crop Ev. 53 (5): 1043-1059.
    25. Shaheen, F.A., Khaliq, A. and Aslam, M. (2006). Resistance of chickpea (Cicer arientium L.) cultivars against pulse beetles. Pak. J. Bot. 38: 1224-1244.
    26. Shirley, B.W. (1998). Flavonoids in seeds and grains: physiological function, agronomic importance and the genetics of biosynthesis. Seed Sci. Res. 8: 415-422.
    27. Sogaard, M., Kadziola, A., Haser, R. and Svensson, B. (1993). Site-directed mutagenesis of histidine-93, aspartic acid- 180, glutamic acid- 205, histidine-290, and aspartic acid-291 at the active site and tryptophan-279 at the raw starch binding site in barley a- amylase. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 22480-22484.
    28. Solleti, S.K., Bakshi, S., Purkayastha, J., Panda, S.K. and Sahoo, L. (2008). Transgenic cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds expressing a bean a-amylase inhibitor 1 confer resistance to storage pests, bruchid beetles. Plant Cell Rep. 27: 1841-1850.
    29. Somta, P., Kaga, A., Tomooka, N., Isemura, T., Vaughan, D.A. and Srinives, P. (2008) Mapping of quantitative trait loci for a new source of resistance to bruchids in the wild species Vigna nepalens Tateishi & Maxted (Vigna subgenus Ceratotropis). Theor. Appl. Genet. 117: 621-628.
    30. Somta, P., Kaga, A., Tomooka, N., Kashiwaba, K., Isemura, K., Chaitieng, B., Srinives, P. and Vaughan, D. A. (2006). Development of an interspecific Vigna linkage map between Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi and V. nakashimae (Ohwi) Ohwi & Ohashi and its use in analysis of bruchid resistance and comparative genomics. Plant Breeding. 125: 77-84.
    31. Srinivasan, T. and Durairaj, C. (2007). Biochemical basis of resistance in rice bean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb). Ohwi and Ohaswi] against Callosobruchus maculatus. J. Entomology. 4(5): 371-378.
    32. Tomooka, N., Kashiwaba, K., Vaughan, D.A., Ishimoto, M. and Egawa, Y. (2000).The effectiveness of evaluating wild species: Searching for sources of resistance to bruchid beetles in the genus Vigna subgenus Ceratotropis. Euphytica, 115:27-41.
    33. Wu, S.J., Wang, J.S., Lin, C.C. and Chang, C.H. (2001). Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Legumes. Phytomedicine. 8(3): 213-219.
    34. Yamada, T., Ikeda, M., Kobayashi, M. and Hattori, K. (2003). Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding larval á- amylase of adzuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis. J. Insect Biotechnol. Sericol. 72: 139-148.
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