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volume 37 issue 4 (august 2014) : 372-378,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0571.2014.00646.8

MACRO AND MICROMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFERENT ASPERGILLUS ISOLATES

M
Manisha Mangal*
S
Sangita Bansal
M
Mamta Sharma1
1Division of Food Grains and Oil Seeds Processing, Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology Ludhiana-141 004, India
Cite article:- Mangal* Manisha, Bansal Sangita, Sharma1 Mamta (2025). MACRO AND MICROMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFERENT ASPERGILLUS ISOLATES. Legume Research. 37(4): 372-378. doi: 10.5958/0976-0571.2014.00646.8.

ABSTRACT

Aflatoxin contamination of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a serious problem through out the world which leads to significant  economic losses every year.  Invasion of groundnut seed by the aflatoxin-producing fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, and subsequent contamination with aflatoxins, may occur at any stage during the postharvest handling of its seeds, which necessitates development of suitable procedures for identification of the pathogen. An identification key for different fungal isolates was developed on the basis of macromorphological features viz. diameter, elevation, margins, texture of the colony as well as colour of the colony from the top and reverse of the plate, extent of sporulation (low, medium and heavy) and presence and absence of radial sulcation after seven days of culture. Microscopic features such as shape and size of conidia, vesicles and hyphae have also been included in the key. On the basis of this key different Aspergillus isolates viz. A. Niger, A. fumigatus, A  flavus, A.terreus, A.parasiticus,  A.oryzae could be differentiated thereby showing a potential for detection of  aflatoxigenic fungi in the infected lot.

REFERENCES

  1. Bhatnagar, D., Yu, J., Ehrlich, K.C. (2002). Toxins of filamentous fungi. In: Breitenbach, M., Crameri, R., Lehrer, S. (Eds.) Fungal Allergy and Pathogenicity. Chem Immunol. Vol 81, Basel, Karger, 167-206.
  2. Chanteperdrix, V., Bourgerette, E., Gantier, J.C., de Faverges, G., Herman, D., Lauby, M. (2008). Mycological examination of a non-uniseriate Fumigati section’s Aspergillus. Ann Biol Clin 66:581-583
  3. Dorner, J.W. (2002). Simultaneous quantitation of Aspergillus flavus/ A. parasiticus and aflatoxin in peanuts. J AOAC Int 85:911-916
  4. Jelinek, C.F., Pohland, A.E., Wood, G.E. (1989). Worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins in foods and feeds - an update. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 72: 223-230.
  5. Klich, M.A. (2002). Identification of common Aspergillus species, CBS, Netherlands.
  6. Leitao, J., Saint Blanquat, G. de, Bailly, J.R., Paillas, C. (1988). Quantitation of aflatoxins from various strains of Aspergillus in foodstuffs. J Chromatogr 435: 229-234
  7. Leslie, C.E., Flannigan, B., Milne, L.J. (1988). Morphological studies on clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus. J Med Vet Mycol 26:335-341
  8. Marsella, R., Mercantini, R., Stefanini, A., Volterra, L. (1983). An atypical isolate of Aspergillus fumigatus from a man affected with a pulmonary disease. Mykosen 26:201-206
  9. Pitt, J.I., Samson, R.A. (2000) In: Integration of Modern Taxonomic Methods for Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification (Eds. RA Samson and JI Pitt), Hardwood Academic Publishers, Reading, UK, 51-72
  10. Pitt, J.I., Samson, R.A., Frisvad, J.C. (2000). In: Integration of Modern Taxonomic Methods for Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification (Eds. RA Samson and JI Pitt), Hardwood Academic Publishers, Reading, UK, 9- 50
  11. Reddy, E.C.S., Sudhakar, C. and Reddy, N.P.E. (2011). Aflatoxin contamination in groundnut induced by Aspergillus Flavus type fungi: a critical review. Int. J of appl Biol .pharma tech 2: 180-192.
  12. Rinyu, E., Varga, J., Ferenczy, L. (1995). Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of variability in Aspergillus fumigatus. J Clin Microbiol 35:2567-2575
  13. Rodrigues, P., Soares, C., Kozakiewicz1, Z., Paterson, R.R.M., Lima, N., Venâncio, A. (2007). Identification and characterization of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins. Communicating Current Research and Educational Topics and Trends in Applied Microbiology (A. Méndez_-Vilas (Ed.): 527-534
  14. Schmidt, A., Wolff, M.H. (1997). Morphological characteristics of Aspergillus fumigatus strains isolated from patient samples. Mycoses 40:347-351
  15. Scott, P. M. (1987). Mycotoxins: review. J Assoc Anal Chem 70:276- 281
  16. Van Egmond, H.P. (1989). Current situation on regulations for mycotoxins: Overview of tolerances and status of standard methods of sampling and analysis. Food Addit Contam 6: 134-188.
  17. Yiannikouris, A., Jouany, J.P. (2002). Mycotoxins in feeds and their fate in animals: a review. Anim Res. 51:81-99
  18. Yu, J. (2003). Genetics and biochemistry of mycotoxin synthesis. In: Arora DK (Ed.). Handbook of Fungal Biotechnology (2nd Edition). New York, Marcel Dekker.
  19. Yu, J., Bhatnagar, D., Ehrlich, K.C. (2002). Aflatoxin biosynthesis. Rev. Iberoam. Micol. 19:191–200
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    volume 37 issue 4 (august 2014) : 372-378,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0571.2014.00646.8

    MACRO AND MICROMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFERENT ASPERGILLUS ISOLATES

    M
    Manisha Mangal*
    S
    Sangita Bansal
    M
    Mamta Sharma1
    1Division of Food Grains and Oil Seeds Processing, Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology Ludhiana-141 004, India
    Cite article:- Mangal* Manisha, Bansal Sangita, Sharma1 Mamta (2025). MACRO AND MICROMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFERENT ASPERGILLUS ISOLATES. Legume Research. 37(4): 372-378. doi: 10.5958/0976-0571.2014.00646.8.

    ABSTRACT

    Aflatoxin contamination of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a serious problem through out the world which leads to significant  economic losses every year.  Invasion of groundnut seed by the aflatoxin-producing fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, and subsequent contamination with aflatoxins, may occur at any stage during the postharvest handling of its seeds, which necessitates development of suitable procedures for identification of the pathogen. An identification key for different fungal isolates was developed on the basis of macromorphological features viz. diameter, elevation, margins, texture of the colony as well as colour of the colony from the top and reverse of the plate, extent of sporulation (low, medium and heavy) and presence and absence of radial sulcation after seven days of culture. Microscopic features such as shape and size of conidia, vesicles and hyphae have also been included in the key. On the basis of this key different Aspergillus isolates viz. A. Niger, A. fumigatus, A  flavus, A.terreus, A.parasiticus,  A.oryzae could be differentiated thereby showing a potential for detection of  aflatoxigenic fungi in the infected lot.

    REFERENCES

    1. Bhatnagar, D., Yu, J., Ehrlich, K.C. (2002). Toxins of filamentous fungi. In: Breitenbach, M., Crameri, R., Lehrer, S. (Eds.) Fungal Allergy and Pathogenicity. Chem Immunol. Vol 81, Basel, Karger, 167-206.
    2. Chanteperdrix, V., Bourgerette, E., Gantier, J.C., de Faverges, G., Herman, D., Lauby, M. (2008). Mycological examination of a non-uniseriate Fumigati section’s Aspergillus. Ann Biol Clin 66:581-583
    3. Dorner, J.W. (2002). Simultaneous quantitation of Aspergillus flavus/ A. parasiticus and aflatoxin in peanuts. J AOAC Int 85:911-916
    4. Jelinek, C.F., Pohland, A.E., Wood, G.E. (1989). Worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins in foods and feeds - an update. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 72: 223-230.
    5. Klich, M.A. (2002). Identification of common Aspergillus species, CBS, Netherlands.
    6. Leitao, J., Saint Blanquat, G. de, Bailly, J.R., Paillas, C. (1988). Quantitation of aflatoxins from various strains of Aspergillus in foodstuffs. J Chromatogr 435: 229-234
    7. Leslie, C.E., Flannigan, B., Milne, L.J. (1988). Morphological studies on clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus. J Med Vet Mycol 26:335-341
    8. Marsella, R., Mercantini, R., Stefanini, A., Volterra, L. (1983). An atypical isolate of Aspergillus fumigatus from a man affected with a pulmonary disease. Mykosen 26:201-206
    9. Pitt, J.I., Samson, R.A. (2000) In: Integration of Modern Taxonomic Methods for Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification (Eds. RA Samson and JI Pitt), Hardwood Academic Publishers, Reading, UK, 51-72
    10. Pitt, J.I., Samson, R.A., Frisvad, J.C. (2000). In: Integration of Modern Taxonomic Methods for Penicillium and Aspergillus Classification (Eds. RA Samson and JI Pitt), Hardwood Academic Publishers, Reading, UK, 9- 50
    11. Reddy, E.C.S., Sudhakar, C. and Reddy, N.P.E. (2011). Aflatoxin contamination in groundnut induced by Aspergillus Flavus type fungi: a critical review. Int. J of appl Biol .pharma tech 2: 180-192.
    12. Rinyu, E., Varga, J., Ferenczy, L. (1995). Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of variability in Aspergillus fumigatus. J Clin Microbiol 35:2567-2575
    13. Rodrigues, P., Soares, C., Kozakiewicz1, Z., Paterson, R.R.M., Lima, N., Venâncio, A. (2007). Identification and characterization of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins. Communicating Current Research and Educational Topics and Trends in Applied Microbiology (A. Méndez_-Vilas (Ed.): 527-534
    14. Schmidt, A., Wolff, M.H. (1997). Morphological characteristics of Aspergillus fumigatus strains isolated from patient samples. Mycoses 40:347-351
    15. Scott, P. M. (1987). Mycotoxins: review. J Assoc Anal Chem 70:276- 281
    16. Van Egmond, H.P. (1989). Current situation on regulations for mycotoxins: Overview of tolerances and status of standard methods of sampling and analysis. Food Addit Contam 6: 134-188.
    17. Yiannikouris, A., Jouany, J.P. (2002). Mycotoxins in feeds and their fate in animals: a review. Anim Res. 51:81-99
    18. Yu, J. (2003). Genetics and biochemistry of mycotoxin synthesis. In: Arora DK (Ed.). Handbook of Fungal Biotechnology (2nd Edition). New York, Marcel Dekker.
    19. Yu, J., Bhatnagar, D., Ehrlich, K.C. (2002). Aflatoxin biosynthesis. Rev. Iberoam. Micol. 19:191–200
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