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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 37 issue 1 (february 2014) : 62-67,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0571.37.1.009

COWPEA [VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP.] SEED PROTEINS: HETEROGENEITY IN TOTAL PROTEINS AND PROTEIN FRACTIONS

P
Prachi Gupta
R
Rohtas Singh*
S
S. Malhotra
K
K.S. Boora
H
H.R. Singal
1Centre for Plant Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, New Campus, Hisar-125 004, India
Cite article:- Gupta Prachi, Singh* Rohtas, Malhotra S., Boora K.S., Singal H.R. (2025). COWPEA [VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP.] SEED PROTEINS: HETEROGENEITY IN TOTAL PROTEINS AND PROTEIN FRACTIONS. Legume Research. 37(1): 62-67. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0571.37.1.009.

ABSTRACT

Eleven genotypes of V.  unguiculata were screened for variability in total proteins and various protein fractions viz. albumins, globulins, prolamins and glutelins by using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic pattern showed the molecular heterogeneity among total proteins as well as various protein fractions. The molecular weights of protein bands obtained by SDS-PAGE varied between 10 to 141.3, 15.85 to 147.9, 10 to 125.9, 7.94 to 56.23 and 10 to 79.43 kDa for total proteins, albumins, globulins, prolamins and glutelins, respectively. Most of the bands were common to the different genotypes indicating their close relationship with one another. However, a few bands unique to some particular genotypes were also observed showing the varietal differences. Cluster analysis based on total proteins and various protein fractions provided evidence for differences among the  varieties collected from different agroclimatic zones of India. The observations revealed that seed protein polymorphism provides a useful information regarding variability among genotypes under investigation which could be helpful for breeding purposes in the improvement of protein quality and quantity in grain legumes.

REFERENCES

  1. Asante, I. K., Offei, S. K., Addy, R. and Carson, A. G. (2008). Phenotypic and seed protein analysis in 31 Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) accessions in Ghana. West African J. Appl. Ecol. 12: 98-106.
  2. Chavan, J. K. and Djurtoft, R. (1982). Purification and characterization of seed globulins from blackgram (Phaseolus mungo). J. Sci. Fd. Agric. 33: 471-480.
  3. Dalgalarrondo, M., Raymond, J. and Azanza, J. L. (1984). Sunflower seed proteins: Characterization and subunit composition of the globulin fraction. J. Exp. Bot. 35: 1618-1628.
  4. Dhillon, S. and Nainawatee, H. S. (1989). Variation in seed storage protein of mungbean (Vigna radiate) varieties. Int. J. Trop. Agric. 7: 103-110.
  5. Goyal, K. C. and Sharma, S. N. (2003). Biochemical approach for identification of clusterbean varieties. Indian J. Plant Physiol. 8: 402-404.
  6. Grant, D. R., Summer, A. K. and Johnson, J. (1976). An investigation of pea seed albumins. Can. Inst. Fd. Sci. Technol. 9: 84-91.
  7. Kalloo, G., Singh, M., Chakraborty, S., Singh, P. M., Singh, A. K. and Banerjee, M. K. (2001). Seed protein electrophoresis for varietal identification of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). Seed Res. 29: 1-6.
  8. Khan, K. and Bushuk, W. 1978. Bakers Dig. 52: 14-20.
  9. Khanna, P. K., Kumar, A., Ahuja, A. and Kaul, M. K. (2006). Seed protein characterization for morphotype identification in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Indian J. Plant Physiol. 11: 321-324.
  10. Laemmli, U. K. (1970). Clevage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 277: 680-685.
  11. Lanham, P. G., Forster, B. P., Nicol, M. C., Moss, J. P. and Powell, W. (1994). Seed storage protein variation in Arachis species. Genome. 37: 487-496.
  12. Lowry, O. H., Roserbrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. and Randall, R. J. (1951).Protein measurement with the Folin Phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265-275.
  13. Mali, P. C., Burman, U. and Lodha, S. (2000). Effect of planting dates and development of yellow mosaic virous on biochemical constituents of mothbean genotypes. Indian Phytopathol. 53: 379-383.
  14. Mendoza, E. M. T., Adachi, M., Bernardo, A. E. N. and Utsuni, S. (2001). Mungbean (Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek) globulins: Purification and characterization. J. Agric. Fd. Chem. 49: 1152-1158.
  15. Orth, R. A. and Bushuk, W. (1973). Studies of glutelin. III. Identification of subunits coded by the D-genome and their relation to bread making quality. Cereal Chem. 50: 680-687.
  16. Osborne, T. B. (1924). Vegetable Proteins. Longmans, Green and Co. London. (C. F. Derbyshire et al., 1976).
  17. Paulis, J. W. and Wall J. S. (1975). Protein quality in cereals evaluated by rapid estimation of specific protein fractions. In: Protein nutritional quality of foods and feeds. Pt. I. Ed. M. Friedman, Dekker, New York. Pp. 381-402.
  18. Rao, R., Vaglio, M. D., Paino, D. U. M., Monti, L. and Del, V. M. (1992). Identification of Vigna Spp. Through specific seed strorage polypeptides. Euphytica. 62: 39-43.
  19. Sathe, S. K. and Salunkhe, D. K. (1981). Solubilization and electrophoretic characterization of the great northen bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) proteins. J. Fd. Sci. 46: 82-87.
  20. Wang, N. and Daun, J. K. (2004). Effect of variety and crude protein content on nutrients and certain antinutrients in field peas (Pisum sativum). J. Sci. Food Agric. 84: 1021-1029.
  21. Thangadurai, D. (2005). Chemical composition and nutritional potential of Vigna unguiculata ssp. Cylindrical (Fabaceae). J. Fd. Biochem. 29: 88-98.
  22. Odeigah, P. G. C. and Osanjinpeju, A. O. (1996). Seed protein electrophoretic characterization of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) germplasm from IITA gene bank. Genetic Resources Crop Evolution. 43: 485-491.
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    volume 37 issue 1 (february 2014) : 62-67,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0571.37.1.009

    COWPEA [VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP.] SEED PROTEINS: HETEROGENEITY IN TOTAL PROTEINS AND PROTEIN FRACTIONS

    P
    Prachi Gupta
    R
    Rohtas Singh*
    S
    S. Malhotra
    K
    K.S. Boora
    H
    H.R. Singal
    1Centre for Plant Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, New Campus, Hisar-125 004, India
    Cite article:- Gupta Prachi, Singh* Rohtas, Malhotra S., Boora K.S., Singal H.R. (2025). COWPEA [VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP.] SEED PROTEINS: HETEROGENEITY IN TOTAL PROTEINS AND PROTEIN FRACTIONS. Legume Research. 37(1): 62-67. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0571.37.1.009.

    ABSTRACT

    Eleven genotypes of V.  unguiculata were screened for variability in total proteins and various protein fractions viz. albumins, globulins, prolamins and glutelins by using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic pattern showed the molecular heterogeneity among total proteins as well as various protein fractions. The molecular weights of protein bands obtained by SDS-PAGE varied between 10 to 141.3, 15.85 to 147.9, 10 to 125.9, 7.94 to 56.23 and 10 to 79.43 kDa for total proteins, albumins, globulins, prolamins and glutelins, respectively. Most of the bands were common to the different genotypes indicating their close relationship with one another. However, a few bands unique to some particular genotypes were also observed showing the varietal differences. Cluster analysis based on total proteins and various protein fractions provided evidence for differences among the  varieties collected from different agroclimatic zones of India. The observations revealed that seed protein polymorphism provides a useful information regarding variability among genotypes under investigation which could be helpful for breeding purposes in the improvement of protein quality and quantity in grain legumes.

    REFERENCES

    1. Asante, I. K., Offei, S. K., Addy, R. and Carson, A. G. (2008). Phenotypic and seed protein analysis in 31 Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) accessions in Ghana. West African J. Appl. Ecol. 12: 98-106.
    2. Chavan, J. K. and Djurtoft, R. (1982). Purification and characterization of seed globulins from blackgram (Phaseolus mungo). J. Sci. Fd. Agric. 33: 471-480.
    3. Dalgalarrondo, M., Raymond, J. and Azanza, J. L. (1984). Sunflower seed proteins: Characterization and subunit composition of the globulin fraction. J. Exp. Bot. 35: 1618-1628.
    4. Dhillon, S. and Nainawatee, H. S. (1989). Variation in seed storage protein of mungbean (Vigna radiate) varieties. Int. J. Trop. Agric. 7: 103-110.
    5. Goyal, K. C. and Sharma, S. N. (2003). Biochemical approach for identification of clusterbean varieties. Indian J. Plant Physiol. 8: 402-404.
    6. Grant, D. R., Summer, A. K. and Johnson, J. (1976). An investigation of pea seed albumins. Can. Inst. Fd. Sci. Technol. 9: 84-91.
    7. Kalloo, G., Singh, M., Chakraborty, S., Singh, P. M., Singh, A. K. and Banerjee, M. K. (2001). Seed protein electrophoresis for varietal identification of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). Seed Res. 29: 1-6.
    8. Khan, K. and Bushuk, W. 1978. Bakers Dig. 52: 14-20.
    9. Khanna, P. K., Kumar, A., Ahuja, A. and Kaul, M. K. (2006). Seed protein characterization for morphotype identification in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Indian J. Plant Physiol. 11: 321-324.
    10. Laemmli, U. K. (1970). Clevage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 277: 680-685.
    11. Lanham, P. G., Forster, B. P., Nicol, M. C., Moss, J. P. and Powell, W. (1994). Seed storage protein variation in Arachis species. Genome. 37: 487-496.
    12. Lowry, O. H., Roserbrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. and Randall, R. J. (1951).Protein measurement with the Folin Phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265-275.
    13. Mali, P. C., Burman, U. and Lodha, S. (2000). Effect of planting dates and development of yellow mosaic virous on biochemical constituents of mothbean genotypes. Indian Phytopathol. 53: 379-383.
    14. Mendoza, E. M. T., Adachi, M., Bernardo, A. E. N. and Utsuni, S. (2001). Mungbean (Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek) globulins: Purification and characterization. J. Agric. Fd. Chem. 49: 1152-1158.
    15. Orth, R. A. and Bushuk, W. (1973). Studies of glutelin. III. Identification of subunits coded by the D-genome and their relation to bread making quality. Cereal Chem. 50: 680-687.
    16. Osborne, T. B. (1924). Vegetable Proteins. Longmans, Green and Co. London. (C. F. Derbyshire et al., 1976).
    17. Paulis, J. W. and Wall J. S. (1975). Protein quality in cereals evaluated by rapid estimation of specific protein fractions. In: Protein nutritional quality of foods and feeds. Pt. I. Ed. M. Friedman, Dekker, New York. Pp. 381-402.
    18. Rao, R., Vaglio, M. D., Paino, D. U. M., Monti, L. and Del, V. M. (1992). Identification of Vigna Spp. Through specific seed strorage polypeptides. Euphytica. 62: 39-43.
    19. Sathe, S. K. and Salunkhe, D. K. (1981). Solubilization and electrophoretic characterization of the great northen bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) proteins. J. Fd. Sci. 46: 82-87.
    20. Wang, N. and Daun, J. K. (2004). Effect of variety and crude protein content on nutrients and certain antinutrients in field peas (Pisum sativum). J. Sci. Food Agric. 84: 1021-1029.
    21. Thangadurai, D. (2005). Chemical composition and nutritional potential of Vigna unguiculata ssp. Cylindrical (Fabaceae). J. Fd. Biochem. 29: 88-98.
    22. Odeigah, P. G. C. and Osanjinpeju, A. O. (1996). Seed protein electrophoretic characterization of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) germplasm from IITA gene bank. Genetic Resources Crop Evolution. 43: 485-491.
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