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volume 37 issue 2 (april 2014) : 188-194,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0571.37.2.028

EFFECTS OF HARVEST TIME ON HAY YIELD AND QUALITY OF DIFFERENT BITTER VETCH (VICIA ERVILIA L.) LINES

M
Mahmut Kaplan*
S
Sati Uzun
K
Kagan Kökten
1Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
Cite article:- Kaplan* Mahmut, Uzun Sati, Kökten Kagan (2025). EFFECTS OF HARVEST TIME ON HAY YIELD AND QUALITY OF DIFFERENT BITTER VETCH (VICIA ERVILIA L.) LINES. Legume Research. 37(2): 188-194. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0571.37.2.028.

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out in Kayseri Province of Turkey in the years 2011 and 2012 for two years to determine the effects of harvest time on hay yield and quality of different bitter vetch genotypes. A total of 16 different bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.) lines supplied from EMRI, DATAE and ICARDA were used as the plant material of the field experiments. Experiments were carried out in randomized block design with 3 replications. Bitter vetch lines were harvested at flower-set, full-bloom and pod-set periods. Green herbage and hay yields, crude protein (CP), protein yield (PY), crude ash (CA), condensed tannin (CT), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) characteristics were investigated. Results revealed increasing ADF-NDF ratios, green herbage and hay yields and decreasing crude protein, crude ash and condensed tannin ratios with the progression of harvest time. Pod-set period was determined as the proper harvest time. The lines VE-16, VE-5, VE-1, VE-2 and VE-6 were considered as primary lines to be used in further breeding research and agricultural activities of the region with regard to hay yield and quality.

REFERENCES

  1. Abd El-Moneim AM (1993) Agronomic potential of three vetches (Vicia spp.) under rainfed conditions. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 170: 113–120.
  2. AOAC (1990) Official Method of analysis. 15th. edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC. USA,
  3. Ayan I, Acar Z, Basaran U, Asci OO, Mut H (2006) Determination of forage and grain yields of some Vicia ervilia L. lines in Samsun ecological conditions. J. Fac. Agric. OMU 21: 318–322.
  4. Aydin N, Mut Z, Mut H, and Ayan I (2010) Effect of autumn and spring sowing dates on hay yield and quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 9(10):1539-1545.
  5. Ball DM, Collins M, Lacefield GD, Martin NP, Mertens DA, Olson KE, Putnam DH, Undersander DJ, and Wolf MW (2001) Understanding forage quality. American Farm Bureau Federation Publication 1-01, Park Ridge, IL.
  6. Barry TN, Duncan SJ (1984) The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep. I. Voluntary intake. Brit J Nutr, 51(3): 485-491.
  7. Barry TN (1987) Secondary compounds of forages. In, Hacker JB, Ternouth JH (Eds): Nutrition of Herbivores. Academic Press, Sydney. pp. 91-120.
  8. Baþbag M, Gül I (2005) Determination of yield and yield components of some bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia (L.) willd.) lines under Diyarbakir conditions. J. Agric. Fac. HR.U. 9 (1):1-7.
  9. Buxton DR, Homstein JS, Wedin WF, and Marten GC (1985) Forage quality instratified canopies of alfalfa, birdsfood trefoil, and red clover. Crop Sci., 25:429-435.
  10. Buxton DR (1996) Quality related characteristics of forages as influenced by plant environment and agronomic factors. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 59:37-49.
  11. Caballero AR, Goicochea-Oicoechea EL, and Hernaiz-Ernaiz PJ (1995) Forage yields and quality of common vetch and oat sown at varying seeding ratios and seeding rates of vetch. Field Crops Research 41:135-140.
  12. FAO, (1990). Micronutrient. Assessment at the country leaves an international study. FAO Soils Bulletion 63. Rome.
  13. Galdamez-Cabrera NW, Coffey KP, Coblentz WK, Turner JE, Scarbrough DA, and Johnson, ZB (2002) Effect of nitrogen fertilization on effective ruminal disappearance of dry matter, fiber and selected macro-minerals from common bermudagrass harvested on two different dates. Arkansas Animal Science Department Report Series 499:41-44.
  14. ICARDA, (2008) IRAN/ICARDA collaboration, Highlights of Achievements 2005–2006. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria (ICARDA and Agricultural Research and Education Organization, Ministry of Jihad-e-eAgriculture, Islamic Republic of Iran (AEERO), Project Report, pp. 47–49).
  15. Kamalak A, Canpolat O, Gurbuz Y, Erol A, Ozay O (2005a) Effect of Maturity Stage on Chemical composition in vitro and in situ dry Matter Degradation of Tumbleweed Hay (Gundelia tournefortii L.) Small Ruminant Research 58:149-156.
  16. Kamalak A, Canbolat O, Gurbuz Y, Ozkan CO, Kizilsimsek M (2005b) Determination of Nutritive Value Of Wild Mustard, (Sinapsis arvensis) Harvested at Different Maturity Stages Using in situ and in vitro Measurements. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 18(9): 1249-1254.
  17. Kamalak A, Atalay AI, Ozkan CO, Kaya E, Tatliyer A (2011) Determination of Potential Nutritive Value of Trigonella kotschi Fenzl Hay Harvested at Three Different Maturity Stages. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 17(4): 635-640.
  18. Kumar R, Singh M (1984) Tannins: Their adverse role in ruminant nutrition. J Agric Food Chem, 32: 447-453.
  19. Larbi A, Abd El-Moneim AM, Nakkoul H, Jammal B, Hassan S (2011) Intra-species variations in yield and quality determinants in Vicia species: 1. Bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.). Animal Feed Science and Technology 165: 278–287.
  20. Lindsay WL, Norwell MA.(1969). A new DPTA-TEA soil test for zinc and iron. Agron Abstr. 61:84–90.
  21. Lohan OP, Lall D, Vaid J, Negi SS (1983) Utilization of oak tree fodder in cattle ration and fate of oak leaf tannins in the ruminant system. Indian J Anim Sci, 53:1057-1063.
  22. Makkar HPS, Blummel Becker K (1995) Formation of complexes between polyvinyl pyrrolidones or polyethylene glycols and tannins, and their implication in gas production and true digestibility in vitro techniques. Brit. J. Nut. 73: 897-913.
  23. Makkar HPS, Singh B, Negi SS (1989) Relationship of rumen degradability with microbial colonization, cell wall constituents and tannin levels in some tree leaves. Anim Prod, 49:299-303.
  24. Mihailovic V, Mikic A, Cupina B, Katic S, Karagic D, Pataki I, and Eric P (2006) Yield and forage yield components in winter vetch cultivars. Sustainable grassland productivity: Proceedings of the 21st General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation, Badajoz, Spain, 3-6 April, 2006. Volume 11, 255-257.
  25. Morrison, JM (1980) Changes in the lignin and hemicellulose concentration of tenvarieties of temperate grasses with ýncreasing maturity. Grass Forage Sci. 92:499–503.
  26. Nelson CJ, Moser, LE (1994) Plants Factors Affecting Forage Quality. In Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization, G. C. Fahey (Ed.), American Society of Agron., Madison, Wisconsin, USA, p: 115-154.
  27. SAS (1999) SAS User’s Guide: Statistic. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  28. Serin Y, Tan M, and Çelebi HB (1997) Erzurum yöresine uygun burçak (Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd.) hatlarinin belirlenmesi. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Arastirma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(2):13-22.
  29. Singleton VL (1981) Naturally occurring food toxicants: Phenolic substances of plant origin common in foods. Adv Food Res, 27:149-242.
  30. Sürmen M, Yavuz T, and Çankaya N (2011) Effects of phosphorus fertilization and harvesting stage on forage yield and quality of common vetch. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 9(1): 353-355.
  31. Temel S, Tan M (2002) A Research on Determination of Seeding and Cutting Time in Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.) Under Erzurum Conditions. Ataturk Univ. Ziraat Fak. Derg. 33(4): 363-368.
  32. TOVEP, (1991). Türkiye topraklarý verimlilik envanteri. T.C. Tarim Orman ve Köy Iþleri Bakanligi. Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlügü.
  33. Van Soest PJ (1963) The use of detergents in the analysis of fibre feeds. II. A rapid method for the determination of fibre and lignin. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 46:829-835.
  34. Van Soest PJ, and Wine RH (1967) The use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. IV. Determination of plant cell wall constituents. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 50:50-55.
  35. Van Soest PJ (1994) Nutritional ecology of ruminants, 2nd ed. Cornel University Pres, pp. 476.
  36. Wilson JR, Deinum H, Engels EM (1991) Temperature effects on anatomy and digestibility of leaf and stem of tropical and temperate forage species. Neth. J. Agric Sci. 39:31–48.
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    volume 37 issue 2 (april 2014) : 188-194,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0571.37.2.028

    EFFECTS OF HARVEST TIME ON HAY YIELD AND QUALITY OF DIFFERENT BITTER VETCH (VICIA ERVILIA L.) LINES

    M
    Mahmut Kaplan*
    S
    Sati Uzun
    K
    Kagan Kökten
    1Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes, Kayseri, Turkey
    Cite article:- Kaplan* Mahmut, Uzun Sati, Kökten Kagan (2025). EFFECTS OF HARVEST TIME ON HAY YIELD AND QUALITY OF DIFFERENT BITTER VETCH (VICIA ERVILIA L.) LINES. Legume Research. 37(2): 188-194. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0571.37.2.028.

    ABSTRACT

    This study was carried out in Kayseri Province of Turkey in the years 2011 and 2012 for two years to determine the effects of harvest time on hay yield and quality of different bitter vetch genotypes. A total of 16 different bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.) lines supplied from EMRI, DATAE and ICARDA were used as the plant material of the field experiments. Experiments were carried out in randomized block design with 3 replications. Bitter vetch lines were harvested at flower-set, full-bloom and pod-set periods. Green herbage and hay yields, crude protein (CP), protein yield (PY), crude ash (CA), condensed tannin (CT), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) characteristics were investigated. Results revealed increasing ADF-NDF ratios, green herbage and hay yields and decreasing crude protein, crude ash and condensed tannin ratios with the progression of harvest time. Pod-set period was determined as the proper harvest time. The lines VE-16, VE-5, VE-1, VE-2 and VE-6 were considered as primary lines to be used in further breeding research and agricultural activities of the region with regard to hay yield and quality.

    REFERENCES

    1. Abd El-Moneim AM (1993) Agronomic potential of three vetches (Vicia spp.) under rainfed conditions. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 170: 113–120.
    2. AOAC (1990) Official Method of analysis. 15th. edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC. USA,
    3. Ayan I, Acar Z, Basaran U, Asci OO, Mut H (2006) Determination of forage and grain yields of some Vicia ervilia L. lines in Samsun ecological conditions. J. Fac. Agric. OMU 21: 318–322.
    4. Aydin N, Mut Z, Mut H, and Ayan I (2010) Effect of autumn and spring sowing dates on hay yield and quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 9(10):1539-1545.
    5. Ball DM, Collins M, Lacefield GD, Martin NP, Mertens DA, Olson KE, Putnam DH, Undersander DJ, and Wolf MW (2001) Understanding forage quality. American Farm Bureau Federation Publication 1-01, Park Ridge, IL.
    6. Barry TN, Duncan SJ (1984) The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep. I. Voluntary intake. Brit J Nutr, 51(3): 485-491.
    7. Barry TN (1987) Secondary compounds of forages. In, Hacker JB, Ternouth JH (Eds): Nutrition of Herbivores. Academic Press, Sydney. pp. 91-120.
    8. Baþbag M, Gül I (2005) Determination of yield and yield components of some bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia (L.) willd.) lines under Diyarbakir conditions. J. Agric. Fac. HR.U. 9 (1):1-7.
    9. Buxton DR, Homstein JS, Wedin WF, and Marten GC (1985) Forage quality instratified canopies of alfalfa, birdsfood trefoil, and red clover. Crop Sci., 25:429-435.
    10. Buxton DR (1996) Quality related characteristics of forages as influenced by plant environment and agronomic factors. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 59:37-49.
    11. Caballero AR, Goicochea-Oicoechea EL, and Hernaiz-Ernaiz PJ (1995) Forage yields and quality of common vetch and oat sown at varying seeding ratios and seeding rates of vetch. Field Crops Research 41:135-140.
    12. FAO, (1990). Micronutrient. Assessment at the country leaves an international study. FAO Soils Bulletion 63. Rome.
    13. Galdamez-Cabrera NW, Coffey KP, Coblentz WK, Turner JE, Scarbrough DA, and Johnson, ZB (2002) Effect of nitrogen fertilization on effective ruminal disappearance of dry matter, fiber and selected macro-minerals from common bermudagrass harvested on two different dates. Arkansas Animal Science Department Report Series 499:41-44.
    14. ICARDA, (2008) IRAN/ICARDA collaboration, Highlights of Achievements 2005–2006. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria (ICARDA and Agricultural Research and Education Organization, Ministry of Jihad-e-eAgriculture, Islamic Republic of Iran (AEERO), Project Report, pp. 47–49).
    15. Kamalak A, Canpolat O, Gurbuz Y, Erol A, Ozay O (2005a) Effect of Maturity Stage on Chemical composition in vitro and in situ dry Matter Degradation of Tumbleweed Hay (Gundelia tournefortii L.) Small Ruminant Research 58:149-156.
    16. Kamalak A, Canbolat O, Gurbuz Y, Ozkan CO, Kizilsimsek M (2005b) Determination of Nutritive Value Of Wild Mustard, (Sinapsis arvensis) Harvested at Different Maturity Stages Using in situ and in vitro Measurements. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 18(9): 1249-1254.
    17. Kamalak A, Atalay AI, Ozkan CO, Kaya E, Tatliyer A (2011) Determination of Potential Nutritive Value of Trigonella kotschi Fenzl Hay Harvested at Three Different Maturity Stages. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 17(4): 635-640.
    18. Kumar R, Singh M (1984) Tannins: Their adverse role in ruminant nutrition. J Agric Food Chem, 32: 447-453.
    19. Larbi A, Abd El-Moneim AM, Nakkoul H, Jammal B, Hassan S (2011) Intra-species variations in yield and quality determinants in Vicia species: 1. Bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.). Animal Feed Science and Technology 165: 278–287.
    20. Lindsay WL, Norwell MA.(1969). A new DPTA-TEA soil test for zinc and iron. Agron Abstr. 61:84–90.
    21. Lohan OP, Lall D, Vaid J, Negi SS (1983) Utilization of oak tree fodder in cattle ration and fate of oak leaf tannins in the ruminant system. Indian J Anim Sci, 53:1057-1063.
    22. Makkar HPS, Blummel Becker K (1995) Formation of complexes between polyvinyl pyrrolidones or polyethylene glycols and tannins, and their implication in gas production and true digestibility in vitro techniques. Brit. J. Nut. 73: 897-913.
    23. Makkar HPS, Singh B, Negi SS (1989) Relationship of rumen degradability with microbial colonization, cell wall constituents and tannin levels in some tree leaves. Anim Prod, 49:299-303.
    24. Mihailovic V, Mikic A, Cupina B, Katic S, Karagic D, Pataki I, and Eric P (2006) Yield and forage yield components in winter vetch cultivars. Sustainable grassland productivity: Proceedings of the 21st General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation, Badajoz, Spain, 3-6 April, 2006. Volume 11, 255-257.
    25. Morrison, JM (1980) Changes in the lignin and hemicellulose concentration of tenvarieties of temperate grasses with ýncreasing maturity. Grass Forage Sci. 92:499–503.
    26. Nelson CJ, Moser, LE (1994) Plants Factors Affecting Forage Quality. In Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization, G. C. Fahey (Ed.), American Society of Agron., Madison, Wisconsin, USA, p: 115-154.
    27. SAS (1999) SAS User’s Guide: Statistic. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
    28. Serin Y, Tan M, and Çelebi HB (1997) Erzurum yöresine uygun burçak (Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd.) hatlarinin belirlenmesi. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Arastirma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(2):13-22.
    29. Singleton VL (1981) Naturally occurring food toxicants: Phenolic substances of plant origin common in foods. Adv Food Res, 27:149-242.
    30. Sürmen M, Yavuz T, and Çankaya N (2011) Effects of phosphorus fertilization and harvesting stage on forage yield and quality of common vetch. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 9(1): 353-355.
    31. Temel S, Tan M (2002) A Research on Determination of Seeding and Cutting Time in Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.) Under Erzurum Conditions. Ataturk Univ. Ziraat Fak. Derg. 33(4): 363-368.
    32. TOVEP, (1991). Türkiye topraklarý verimlilik envanteri. T.C. Tarim Orman ve Köy Iþleri Bakanligi. Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlügü.
    33. Van Soest PJ (1963) The use of detergents in the analysis of fibre feeds. II. A rapid method for the determination of fibre and lignin. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 46:829-835.
    34. Van Soest PJ, and Wine RH (1967) The use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. IV. Determination of plant cell wall constituents. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 50:50-55.
    35. Van Soest PJ (1994) Nutritional ecology of ruminants, 2nd ed. Cornel University Pres, pp. 476.
    36. Wilson JR, Deinum H, Engels EM (1991) Temperature effects on anatomy and digestibility of leaf and stem of tropical and temperate forage species. Neth. J. Agric Sci. 39:31–48.
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