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Research Article

volume 43 issue 6 (december 2020) : 780-787,   Doi: 10.18805/A-575

Efficacy of IAA, GA3 and Riboflavin for Morpho-biochemical and Yield Attributes of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) in Pakistan

M
Muhammad Tufail
K
Khalid Hussain
I
Iqra Iqbal
K
Khalid Nawaz
N
Noshia Arshad
S
Sana Jafar
U
Usman Arif
1Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat-Pakistan.

  • Submitted01-06-2020|

  • Accepted24-07-2020|

  • First Online 11-12-2020|

  • doi 10.18805/A-575

Cite article:- Tufail Muhammad, Hussain Khalid, Iqbal Iqra, Nawaz Khalid, Arshad Noshia, Jafar Sana, Arif Usman (2020). Efficacy of IAA, GA3 and Riboflavin for Morpho-biochemical and Yield Attributes of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) in Pakistan. Legume Research. 43(6): 780-787. doi: 10.18805/A-575.

ABSTRACT

Background: Fenugreek is an important winter leafy vegetable in Pakistan with high nutritional values. Its seeds are used as spices and whole plant is used in many home remedies and medicine throughout the world. Its foliage and seed productivity is much low in the region. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) and vitamins (riboflavin) can be useful for the enhancement of plant productivity. 
Methods: Treatments of indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and riboflavin (50 mmol L-1 each) were applied as foliar spray after 14 days of sowing on fenugreek variety Kasuri Methi. Experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six replicates. 
Result: Result showed that GA3 and IAA has significantly enhanced the root and shoot development, foliage growth and ions concentrations, peroxidase (POD) and catalases (CAT) activities. PGRs also increased the pod and seed yield of fenugreek. Riboflavin did not show any significant effect on fenugreek except increased the antioxidant activities at seedling stage. GA3 was more effective as compared to IAA for the enhancement biomass production, yield and biochemical attributes of fenugreek. It was determined that IAA and GA3 can be used to enhance the foliage biomass production and yield but GA3 is superior over IAA in fenugreek. These outcomes can be useful for economic benefits with high production of this leafy vegetable. 

REFERENCES

  1. Afroz, S., Mohammad, F., Hayat S. and Siddiqui, M.H. (2005). Exogenous application of gibberellic acid counteracts the ill effect of sodium chloride in mustard. Turkish Journal of Biology. 29: 233-236.
  2. Ali, E.F., Bazaid, S.A., Hassan, F.A.S. (2014). Salinity tolerance of taif roses by gibberellic acid (GA3). International Journal of Scientific Research. 3(11): 184-192.
  3. Al-Whaibi, M.H., Siddiqui, M.H., Al-Munqadhi, B.M.A., Sakran, A.M., Ali H.M., Basalah, M.O. (2012). Influence of plant growth regulators on growth performance and photosynthetic pigments status of Eruca sativa. Mill. Journal Medicinal Plants Research. 6(10): 1948-1954.
  4. Arnon, D.I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology. 24: 1-15.
  5. Ashoori, M. and Saedisomeolia A. (2014). Riboflavin (vitamin B2) and oxidative stress: a review. British Journal of Nutrition. 111: 1985-1991.
  6. Azooz, M.M., Alzahrani, A.M., Youssef, M.M. (2013). The potential role of seed priming with ascorbic acid and nicotinamide and their interactions to enhance salt tolerance in broad bean (Vicia faba L.). Australian Journal of Crop Science. 7(13): 2091-2100.
  7. Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 72: 248-254.
  8. Bukhari, B., Bhanger, M., Memon, S. (2008). Antioxidative activity of extracts from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Pakistan Journal of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry. 9(2): 78-83.
  9. Chance, B. and Maehly, A.C. (1955). Assay of catalase and peroxidases. Methods Enzymology. 2: 764-775.
  10. Eleiwa, M.E., Kord, M.A., Ibrahim, S.A. (2013). Response of barley plants to foliar application of growth regulators mixture of indole acetic acid, naphthalene acetic acid and zinc African Journal Biotechnology. 12(23): 3653-3661.
  11. El-Lethy, S.R., Ayad, H.S., Reda, F. (2011). Effect of riboflavin, ascorbic acid and dry yeast on vegetative growth, essential oil pattern and antioxidant activity of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.). American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science. 10(5): 781-786.
  12. Emongor, V.E. and Ndambole, C.M. (2011). Effect of gibberellic acid on performance of cowpea. African Crop Science Journal. 10: 87-92.
  13. Javid, M.G., Sorooshzadeh, A., Moradi, F., Sanavy, S.A.M.M., Allahdadi, I. (2011). The role of phytohormones in alleviating salt stress in crop plants. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 5(6): 726-734.
  14. Kaya, C., Tuna, A.L., Okant, A.M. (2010). Effect of foliar applied kinetin and indole acetic acid on maize plants grown under saline conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 34: 529-538.
  15. Khandaker, M.M., Azam, H.M., Rosnah, J., Tahir, D., Nashriyah, M. (2018). The Effects of Application of Exogenous IAA and GA3 on the Physiological Activities and Quality of Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) var. Singa 979. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science. 41: 209-224.
  16. Khorshidian, N., Asli, M.Y., Arab, M., Mortazavian, A.M., Mirzaie, A.A. (2016). Fenugreek: potential applications as a functional food and nutraceutical. Nutrition and Food Science. 3(1): 5-16.
  17. Miret, J.A. and Munne´-Bosch, S. 2014. Plant amino acid-derived vitamins: biosynthesis and function. Amino Acids. 46: 809-824.
  18. Mohammadi, G., Khah, E.M., Petropoulos, S.A., Chachalis, D.B., Akbari, F., Yarsi, G. (2014). Effect of gibberellic acid and harvesting time on the seed quality of four okra cultivars Journal of Agricultural Science. 6(7): 200-211.
  19. Mullaicharam, A.R., Deori, G., Maheswari, U. (2013). Medicinal values of fenugreek-a review. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 4(1): 1304-1313.
  20. Pal, S.L. (2019). Role of plant growth regulators in floriculture: An overview. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 8: 789-796.
  21. Sevik, H. and Guney, K. (2013). Effects of IAA, IBA, NAA and GA3 on rooting and morphological features of Melissa officinalis L. stem cuttings. Scientific World Journal. 1: 1-5.
  22. Sharma, S., Gambhir, G., Srivastava, D.K. (2017). In vitro differentiation and plant regeneration from root and other explants of juvenile origin in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Legume Research. 40: 1020-1027.
  23. Spaepen, S., Vanderleyden, J., Remans, R. (2007). Indole-3-acetic acid in microbial and microorganism-plant signaling. FEMS Microbiology Review. 31: 425-448. 
  24. Wolf, B. (1982). A comprehensive system of leaf analysis and its use for diagnosing crop nutrient status. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 13: 1035-1059.
  25. Zúñiga A., Poupin, M.J., Donoso, R., Ledger, T., Guiliani, N., Gutiérrez R.A., González B. (2013). Quorum sensing and indole-3-acetic acid degradation play a role in colonization and plant growth promotion of Arabidopsis thaliana by Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 26(5): 546-553.
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    Research Article

    volume 43 issue 6 (december 2020) : 780-787,   Doi: 10.18805/A-575

    Efficacy of IAA, GA3 and Riboflavin for Morpho-biochemical and Yield Attributes of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) in Pakistan

    M
    Muhammad Tufail
    K
    Khalid Hussain
    I
    Iqra Iqbal
    K
    Khalid Nawaz
    N
    Noshia Arshad
    S
    Sana Jafar
    U
    Usman Arif
    1Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat-Pakistan.

    • Submitted01-06-2020|

    • Accepted24-07-2020|

    • First Online 11-12-2020|

    • doi 10.18805/A-575

    Cite article:- Tufail Muhammad, Hussain Khalid, Iqbal Iqra, Nawaz Khalid, Arshad Noshia, Jafar Sana, Arif Usman (2020). Efficacy of IAA, GA3 and Riboflavin for Morpho-biochemical and Yield Attributes of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) in Pakistan. Legume Research. 43(6): 780-787. doi: 10.18805/A-575.

    ABSTRACT

    Background: Fenugreek is an important winter leafy vegetable in Pakistan with high nutritional values. Its seeds are used as spices and whole plant is used in many home remedies and medicine throughout the world. Its foliage and seed productivity is much low in the region. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) and vitamins (riboflavin) can be useful for the enhancement of plant productivity. 
    Methods: Treatments of indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and riboflavin (50 mmol L-1 each) were applied as foliar spray after 14 days of sowing on fenugreek variety Kasuri Methi. Experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six replicates. 
    Result: Result showed that GA3 and IAA has significantly enhanced the root and shoot development, foliage growth and ions concentrations, peroxidase (POD) and catalases (CAT) activities. PGRs also increased the pod and seed yield of fenugreek. Riboflavin did not show any significant effect on fenugreek except increased the antioxidant activities at seedling stage. GA3 was more effective as compared to IAA for the enhancement biomass production, yield and biochemical attributes of fenugreek. It was determined that IAA and GA3 can be used to enhance the foliage biomass production and yield but GA3 is superior over IAA in fenugreek. These outcomes can be useful for economic benefits with high production of this leafy vegetable. 

    REFERENCES

    1. Afroz, S., Mohammad, F., Hayat S. and Siddiqui, M.H. (2005). Exogenous application of gibberellic acid counteracts the ill effect of sodium chloride in mustard. Turkish Journal of Biology. 29: 233-236.
    2. Ali, E.F., Bazaid, S.A., Hassan, F.A.S. (2014). Salinity tolerance of taif roses by gibberellic acid (GA3). International Journal of Scientific Research. 3(11): 184-192.
    3. Al-Whaibi, M.H., Siddiqui, M.H., Al-Munqadhi, B.M.A., Sakran, A.M., Ali H.M., Basalah, M.O. (2012). Influence of plant growth regulators on growth performance and photosynthetic pigments status of Eruca sativa. Mill. Journal Medicinal Plants Research. 6(10): 1948-1954.
    4. Arnon, D.I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology. 24: 1-15.
    5. Ashoori, M. and Saedisomeolia A. (2014). Riboflavin (vitamin B2) and oxidative stress: a review. British Journal of Nutrition. 111: 1985-1991.
    6. Azooz, M.M., Alzahrani, A.M., Youssef, M.M. (2013). The potential role of seed priming with ascorbic acid and nicotinamide and their interactions to enhance salt tolerance in broad bean (Vicia faba L.). Australian Journal of Crop Science. 7(13): 2091-2100.
    7. Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 72: 248-254.
    8. Bukhari, B., Bhanger, M., Memon, S. (2008). Antioxidative activity of extracts from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Pakistan Journal of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry. 9(2): 78-83.
    9. Chance, B. and Maehly, A.C. (1955). Assay of catalase and peroxidases. Methods Enzymology. 2: 764-775.
    10. Eleiwa, M.E., Kord, M.A., Ibrahim, S.A. (2013). Response of barley plants to foliar application of growth regulators mixture of indole acetic acid, naphthalene acetic acid and zinc African Journal Biotechnology. 12(23): 3653-3661.
    11. El-Lethy, S.R., Ayad, H.S., Reda, F. (2011). Effect of riboflavin, ascorbic acid and dry yeast on vegetative growth, essential oil pattern and antioxidant activity of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.). American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science. 10(5): 781-786.
    12. Emongor, V.E. and Ndambole, C.M. (2011). Effect of gibberellic acid on performance of cowpea. African Crop Science Journal. 10: 87-92.
    13. Javid, M.G., Sorooshzadeh, A., Moradi, F., Sanavy, S.A.M.M., Allahdadi, I. (2011). The role of phytohormones in alleviating salt stress in crop plants. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 5(6): 726-734.
    14. Kaya, C., Tuna, A.L., Okant, A.M. (2010). Effect of foliar applied kinetin and indole acetic acid on maize plants grown under saline conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 34: 529-538.
    15. Khandaker, M.M., Azam, H.M., Rosnah, J., Tahir, D., Nashriyah, M. (2018). The Effects of Application of Exogenous IAA and GA3 on the Physiological Activities and Quality of Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) var. Singa 979. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science. 41: 209-224.
    16. Khorshidian, N., Asli, M.Y., Arab, M., Mortazavian, A.M., Mirzaie, A.A. (2016). Fenugreek: potential applications as a functional food and nutraceutical. Nutrition and Food Science. 3(1): 5-16.
    17. Miret, J.A. and Munne´-Bosch, S. 2014. Plant amino acid-derived vitamins: biosynthesis and function. Amino Acids. 46: 809-824.
    18. Mohammadi, G., Khah, E.M., Petropoulos, S.A., Chachalis, D.B., Akbari, F., Yarsi, G. (2014). Effect of gibberellic acid and harvesting time on the seed quality of four okra cultivars Journal of Agricultural Science. 6(7): 200-211.
    19. Mullaicharam, A.R., Deori, G., Maheswari, U. (2013). Medicinal values of fenugreek-a review. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 4(1): 1304-1313.
    20. Pal, S.L. (2019). Role of plant growth regulators in floriculture: An overview. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 8: 789-796.
    21. Sevik, H. and Guney, K. (2013). Effects of IAA, IBA, NAA and GA3 on rooting and morphological features of Melissa officinalis L. stem cuttings. Scientific World Journal. 1: 1-5.
    22. Sharma, S., Gambhir, G., Srivastava, D.K. (2017). In vitro differentiation and plant regeneration from root and other explants of juvenile origin in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Legume Research. 40: 1020-1027.
    23. Spaepen, S., Vanderleyden, J., Remans, R. (2007). Indole-3-acetic acid in microbial and microorganism-plant signaling. FEMS Microbiology Review. 31: 425-448. 
    24. Wolf, B. (1982). A comprehensive system of leaf analysis and its use for diagnosing crop nutrient status. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 13: 1035-1059.
    25. Zúñiga A., Poupin, M.J., Donoso, R., Ledger, T., Guiliani, N., Gutiérrez R.A., González B. (2013). Quorum sensing and indole-3-acetic acid degradation play a role in colonization and plant growth promotion of Arabidopsis thaliana by Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 26(5): 546-553.
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