Indian Journal of Animal Research

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Full Research Article

Effects of Different Doses of Dia-VTM MBPRO on Growth Performance, Serum Metabolites and Antioxidant Profiles of Broiler Chickens

Y. Alyousef1, M. Shawky2, G. Rayan1, H. Darrag3, H. Najib1, A. Mohammed1,*
1Department of Animal and Fish Production, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 402, Al-Ahsa 31982, KSA.
2Avian Research Center, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 402, Al-Ahsa 31982, KSA.
3Research and Training Station, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 402, Al-Ahsa 31982, KSA.

ABSTRACT

Background: Saccharomyces cerevisiae and/or essential oils have become increasingly important in poultry production due to improved gut health, enhanced growth performance and boosted immune system.

Methods: A total of 160 one-day old Ross-308 broiler chicks were randomly distributed into four groups, each consisting of four replicates with ten birds per replicate. The chicks were fed a basal diet containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and essential oils at concentrations of 0 MBPRO, 200 MBPRO, 400 MBPRO and 800 MBPRO mg/kg feed respectively. Body weight gain (g), feed intake and feed conversion ratio were recorded. In addition, carcass traits were determined through dressing percentage and carcass parts. Furthermore, blood samples were collected for determination of serum metabolites and antioxidant profiles. 

Result: The results showed that dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae and essential oils incorporation improved (P<0.001) body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Carcass traits remained unaffected by the combination treatments if compared to control. Serum metabolites and antioxidant profiles were improved with the combination treatments. It could be concluded that Saccharomyces cerevisiae and essential oils incorporation at 400 mg/kg feed proved to be an effective growth promoter, enhancing growth performance, metabolites and antioxidant profiles in broiler chicks.

INTRODUCTION

The global population is expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050 and 10.4 billion by 2100 (Mohammed and Alshaibani 2025; Mohammed et al., 2025). The escalating global population presents a profound challenge to food security, demanding a significant increase in food production and distribution (Abdullahi et al., 2024). This surge necessitates not only expanded food production but also more efficient and sustainable practices to mitigate environmental impacts (Gamage et al., 2024). Furthermore, shifts in dietary preferences, particularly the increased consumption of animal products linked to increase incomes, further strain on resources (Vermeulen et al., 2020). Therefore, ensuring adequate food availability for a growing population requires innovative solutions, including technological advancements in agriculture, reductions in food waste and equitable distribution systems (Pawlak et al., 2020).
       
Poultry production is essential for providing protein-rich food to the world’s increasing urban populations and is a rapidly expanding area of animal agriculture. Therefore, the incorporation of dietary probiotics in broiler chicken diets has gained significant attention due to its potential impact to enhance poultry production and health (Krysiak et al., 2021; Dong et al., 2024; Ayana and Kamutambuko 2024). Several positive impacts have been confirmed in several studies focused on the inclusion of dietary probiotics in broiler chicken including improvement of feed conversion and nutrient utilization, body weight gain and gut health (Abd El-Hack et al., 2020; Urban et al., 2024; Naeem and Bourassa, 2025).
               
The dietary incorporation Saccharomyces cerevisiae and/or essential oils into broiler chicken nutrition has gained significant attention due to their potential to improve poultry health and production through several mechanisms (Heinsohn et al., 2024; Movahedi et al., 2024). Yeast culture contains yeast biomass and fermentation metabolites (Shurson, 2018). Yeast culture nutritional and health care functions to stimulate animal growth  are attributed to its fermentation metabolites, including micronutrients and/or pro-vitamins (Brake 1991; Callaway and Martin 1997; Sun et al., 2020). In addition, essential oils due to their growth-promoting and immunity-boosting properties and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities have gained much interest in the poultry industry (Valdivieso-Ugarte et al., 2019; Movahedi et al., 2024). Essential oil compounds can improve enzymatic activity in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens resulting in better digestion and absorption of nutrients (Su et al., 2021). Consequently, while dietary S. cerevisiae and/or essential oils might offer a valuable tool for enhancing growth performance, careful consideration of these combinations is essential for optimal results. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the impacts of the dietary Dia-VTM MBPRO supplementation (0, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg feed) on growth performances, carcass traits, serum antioxidant and biochemical profiles of growing broilers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The experimental procedures were approved by the ethical committee concerning experimental animal care guidelines of King Faisal University [KFU-REC-2025-MAR-EA252670]. The procedure of the experiment was executed in the experimental animal research station of King Faisal University.
 
Site of study and experimental design
 
The current study was carried out from November 2024 to January 2025. A total of one hundred sixty one-day old Ross308 broiler chicks were randomly classified over four groups, each consisting of four replicates/ten birds (Fig 1). The basal diet was formulated following the strain recommendations by Aviagen (2018). These birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg feed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and essential oil compounds, which were commercially obtained (Dia-VTM MBPRO). The Dia-VTM MBPRO additives were directly mixed into the feed during diet preparation to ensure even distribution. The birds were bred in floor pens measuring 16 square (each single pen) feet. The chicks were kept at 33.0°C for the first three days of age, after which the temperature was gradually reduced to 31.0°C for next 48.0 h. Subsequently, the birds were kept at an  average of 31.0°C natural ambient temperature and 60.0% relative humidity during the study. The lighting program was maintained at 23 h light to 1h dark for the first 7 days, followed by 18 h light to 6 dark for the remaining of the experiment. The chicks had ad libitum access to feed and water.

Fig 1: Experimental design of study for Dia-VTM MBPRO additives to chicks.


 
Growth and carcass traits
 
At 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of age, body weight gain (Kg) and feed intake (Kg) were recorded on a pen basis and feed conversion ratios were calculated (Abdel-Moneim et al., 2025). On 35 days of age, eight chicks per group representing the groups’ average weight were randomly selected for carcass evaluation to ensure unbiased sampling. The selected chicks were fasted for 12:0 h before weighing followed by slaughtering, de-feathering and eviscerating. The eviscerated carcasses and giblets were weighed for all groups. The eviscerated carcasses and giblets were recorded using a digital balance to ensure accuracy and expressed as a percentage of live body weight (Abdel-Moneim et al., 2025).
 
Blood sample collection and analyses
 
Blood samples were collected from the brachial vein of twelve birds of each group at the end of experiment. The obtained blood samples were centrifuged to obtain serum for biochemistry and antioxidant analyses (Analyzer Skyla VB1). The analyzed biochemistry parameters include total proteins, liver enzymes, urea, creatinine and mineral values. The antioxidant enzymatic activities of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured using a colorimetric method that involves its interaction with 2-thiobarbituric acid (2-TBA) at a wavelength of 532 nm (Mihara and Uchiyama, 1978). The ferric reducing ability (FRAP) test was conducted as described by Benzie and Strain with modification (Benzie and Strain, 1996). The ABTS radical cation decolorization test was conducted as the recommendation of Re et al., (1999). The free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) was assessed as outlined by Blois with modification (Blois, 1958). Total thiol (sulfhydryl group, -SH) concentrations (TTL) were quantified as described by Hu with modification (Hu, 1994).
 
Statistical analysis
 
Body weight gain (g), feed conversion (kg/kg), dressing and giblets percentage (%), serum antioxidant and metabolites values of control and Dia-VTM MBPRO treated groups were statistically analyzed using SAS program (SAS 2008) through General Linear Model procedure according to the model:


Where,
μ = Mean.
Ti = Effects of Dia-VTM MBPRO levels (200MBPRO, 400 MBPRO and 800 MBPRO).
Eij = Standard error.
       
To compare the significance among means of control and Dia-VTM MBPRO treated groups, Duncan’s multiple range test (1955) was used.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The effects of Dia-VTM MBPRO dietary inclusions (200 MBPRO, 400 MBPRO and 800 MBPRO) to Ross-308 broiler chicks ration on feed intake, live body weight, feed conversion, carcass traits, serum metabolites and antioxidant capacity are presented in (Fig 2, 3 and 4) and (Table 1).

Fig 2: Effect of dietary Dia-VTM MBPRO on final body weight of broiler chickens at 35 d of age.



Fig 3: Effect of dietary Dia-VTM MBPRO on feed conversion of broiler chickens at 35 d of age.



Fig 4: Effect of dietary Dia-VTM MBPRO on dressing and giblets percentage of broiler chickens at 35 d of age.



Table 1: Effects of dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae and essential oils (Dia-VTM MBPRO) on plasma biochemistry profiles of broiler chickens at 35 d of age.


 
Growth performances
 
The effects of dietary inclusions (200 MBPRO, 400 MBPRO and 800 MBPRO) on growth performance are presented in (Fig 2, 3 and 4). The dietary inclusions (200 MBPRO, 400 MBPRO and 800 MBPRO) resulted in significantly higher final body weight (g) compared to the control group (0 MBPRO) (P<0.03). The Dia-VTM MBPRO dietary inclusions resulted in significant growth performance represented by improved body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass traits (Fig 2, 3 and 4). In general, dietary inclusions resulted in significant improvement in growth performance parameters concerning live body weight, feed conversion and carcass traits. In addition, 400 MBPRO dietary inclusions gave the highest values in body weight and  dressing percentage compared to other groups. While, 200 mg/kg had better feed conversion ratio compared to all other groups.
  
Serum metabolites and antioxidant capacity
 
The effects of different levels of Dia-VTM MBPRO  in broiler diet on serum metabolites and antioxidant capacity to broiler chickens are presented in (Table 1). The Dia-VTM MBPRO dietary inclusions resulted in significantly higher total protein levels compared to the control group (P<0.03). In 200 MBPRO group, albumin value showed a significantly higher value compared to the control and other Dia-VTM MBPRO groups (P<0.04). There was no statistically significant differences in creatinine level among the control and Dia-VTM MBPRO groups (P=0.47). Groups 400 MBPRO and 800 MBPRO exhibited significantly higher glucose levels compared to the control and 200 MBPRO groups (P=0.05). The Dia-VTM MBPRO inclusions significantly reduced total bilirubin levels compared to 0 MBPRO inclusion (P<0.0001). Regrading to AST, ALT and GGT enzymes, there were no significant differences in AST (P=0.54), ALT (P=0.89) and GGT (0.74) levels among the control and Dia-VTM MBPRO groups. Values of ALP were significantly (P=0.01) decreased in 400 MBPRO and 800 MBPRO groups compared to 200 MBPRO and control ones. Regarding the antioxidant capacity, the FRAP, FRSA, ABTS and TTL values were not significantly different among groups whereas MDA values were significantly (P=0.001) decreased in Dia-VTM MBPRO groups compared to control one.
       
The results of the current study indicated the highest significant improvement of Dia-VTM MBPRO dietary inclusions to Ross-308 broiler chicks on growth performance, serum metabolites and antioxidant capacity at level of 400 mg/kg. The effect of Dia-VTM MBPRO could be attributed to several factors including improved gut health, boosted immune system and reduction of pathogens (Mazziotta et al., 2023; Chandrasekaran et al., 2024).
 
Growth performances
 
The effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) and essential oils dietary inclusions to broiler chicks on growth performances have been explored in several studies (Lin et al., 2023; Okasha et al., 2023).  Our results indicated that dietary 400 mg/kg MBPRO inclusion gave the highest body weight compared to all groups. Higher feed conversion ratio was recorded for chicks fed diet containing   200 mg/kg compared to other groups. The negative or positive changes of growth performances over S. cerevisiae supplementation to broiler chicks were dependent on the given doses (Haldar et al., 2011; Swamy and Upendra 2013). Okasha et al., (2023) found that 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75% S. cerevisiae supplementation decreased body weight gain. On the other, significant increase of broilers BW fed diet added containing 0.1, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0% S. cerevisiae compared to control one (Swamy and Upendra 2013; Okasha et al., 2023).
       
Additionally, essential oils are characterized by biological useful properties in the diet of broiler chickens reflected in improved growth performance and increase the body’s immune response (Ezzat et al., 2016; Giannenas et al., 2018; Puvača et al., 2015, 2022).
       
Collectively, dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae and essential oils inclusion might provide comprehensive benefits to poultry of all ages and types, fostering a healthy gut environment that leads to improved digestion and enhanced growth performance (Lin et al., 2023; Movahedi et al., 2024; Abd El-Ghany 2024). They achieve this by balancing gut bacteria, strengthening the intestinal lining and stimulating the immune system while reducing harmful inflammation. The S. cerevisiae provides valuable proteins, vitamin B-complex and other beneficial factors that have been reported to increase phosphorus availability and utilization in animals (Moore et al., 1994; Medina et al., 2002). Furthermore, it has been indicated in several studies that dietary S. cerevisiae inclusion reduced disease infections and improved feed efficiency (Line et al., 1997; Santin et al., 2001).
 
Serum metabolites and antioxidant capacity
 
The values of serum metabolites and antioxidant capacity (Table 1) were improved in Dia-VTM MBPRO groups compared to control group as in other studies (Paryad and Mahmoudi 2008; Okasha et al., 2023). Total protein and albumin (g/dl) were significantly increased in Dia-VTM MBPRO groups compared to control one. This could be attributed to the significant improvement of feed intake and feed conversion obtained in those groups, which subsequently resulted in increased glucose and creatinine values. Total bilirubin values were decreased (P=0.0001) in Dia-VTM MBPRO groups compared to control groups. Both S. cerevisiae and essential oils have shown potential to improve liver health in poultry. By maintaining healthy liver function, these additives may contribute to efficient bilirubin processing and excretion in addition to unchanged liver enzymes (Table 1).
               
The antioxidant capacities were gradually decreased in Dia-VTM MBPRO groups with increasing doses if compared to the control group except  ABTS, µM. S. cerevisiae contains components, such as beta-glucans, that can stimulate the poultry’s immune system, which enhances antioxidant defenses. Some studies have shown that S. cerevisiae can enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes in poultry. Additionally, the essential oils are rich in bioactive compounds, such as terpenes and phenols, which possess potent antioxidant properties and modulate the activity of antioxidant enzymes (De Sousa et al. 2023; Sequeda-Castañeda et al., 2025). 

CONCLUSION

It could be concluded that Dia-VTM MBPRO supplement modulates growth performance, serum metabolites and antioxidant capacity. The best dietary supplement was 400 MBPRO compared to 200 MBPRO and 800 MBPRO levels.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors want to thank and acknowledge Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia for funding and support (KFU251404).

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

All authors declared that there is no conflict of interest.

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