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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 54 issue 1 (january 2020) : 96-100,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-696

Investigation of bacterial and fungal agents from cutaneous lesions in canine Leishmaniasis

U
Ugur Parin
G
Goksel Erbas
K
Kerem Ural
S
Serap Savasan
H
Hafize Tugba Yuksel
G
Gamze Balat
Þ
Þukru Kirkan
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydýn, Turkey
Cite article:- Parin Ugur, Erbas Goksel, Ural Kerem, Savasan Serap, Yuksel Tugba Hafize, Balat Gamze, Kirkan Þukru (2017). Investigation of bacterial and fungal agents from cutaneous lesions in canine Leishmaniasis. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 54(1): 96-100. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-696.

ABSTRACT

The objective of the present study was to determine the bacterial and fungal agents accompanying with cutaneous lesions of dogs suffering from Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL). Sterile swap samples were taken from cutaneous lesions inspected of ears, dorsal, collar, pectoral, inguinal and interdigital spaces of 20 dogs,  in which diagnosis were based on a combination of clinical symptoms, anti-leishmania antibody titers by use of Immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), and dogs were further classified according to the Leishvet Guidelines involving serological, hematological, serum biochemical, and urinalysis. Swap samples were inoculated to culture media for isolation and identification of bacterial and mycotic agents. 48 Staphylococcus aureus, 4 Bacillus cereus, 8 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 24 Candida albicans, 24 Microsporium canis and 4 Aspergillus niger were isolated and identified in both group of dogs. Regarding antibiotic susceptibility test, the isolates were found 100% susceptible to cefoperazone and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 53%  to danofloxacin, 46% of the isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin, and all of the isolates were  resistant (100%) to penicillin G and gentamicin. In conclusion, the antibacterial and antifungal therapy should be provided in accordance with antibiotic susceptibility tests in skin lesions of dogs suffering with CVL.

REFERENCES

  1. Blavier, A., Keroack, S., Denerolle, P.A. (2011). Typical forms of canine leishmaniasis. Veterinary Journal, 162: 108-120.
  2. Ciaramella, P., Oliva. G., De Luna, R. (1997). A retrospective clinical study of canine leishmaniasis in 150 dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum. Veterinary Record, 22: 539-543.
  3. CLSI, (2011). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated From Animals. Approved Standard. 3rd ed. Document M31-A3, vol 28 No. 8. Villanova. Pa. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.
  4. Desjeux, P. (1996). Leishmaniasis: Public health aspects and control. Clinical Dermatology, 14: 417-423.
  5. Gramiccia, M. (2011). Recent advances in leishmaniasis in pet animals: Epidemiology, diagnostics and anti-vectorial prophylaxis. Veterinary Parasitology, 181: 23-33.
  6. Holt, G.J. and Krieg, N.R. (1993). Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (9th Edn.). Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. pp. 544-559. 
  7. Koneman, W.E., Allen, S.D., Janda, W.M., Schreckenberger, P.C. (1997). Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology (5th Edn.). Lippincott, Philadelpia. pp. 993-958.
  8. Koutinas, A.F., Saridomichelakis, M.N. and Mylonakis, M.E. (2001). A randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial with allopurinol in canine leishmaniasis. Veterinary Parasitology, 98: 247-261. 
  9. Lloyd, D.H. (1992). Therapy for Canine Pyoderma (15th Edn.). Elsevier, Philadelphia. pp. 539-544.
  10. Mason, I.S., Mason, K.V. and Lloyd, D.H. (1996). A review of the biology canine skin with respect to the commensals Staphylococcus intermedius, Demodex canis and Malassezia pachydermatis. Veterinary Dermatology, 7: 119-132. 
  11. Saijonmaa-Koulumies, L.E. and Lloyd, D.H. (1996). Colonisation of the canine skin with bacteria. Veterinary Dermatology, 7: 153-162.
  12. Saridomichelakis, M.N. (2009). Advances in the pathogenesis of canine leishmaniasis: epidemiologic and diagnostic implications. Veterinary Dermatology, 20: 471-489.
  13. Solano-Gallego, L., Koutinas, A., Miro, G. (2009). Directions for the diagnosis, clinical staging, treatment and prevention of canine leishmaniasis. Veterinary Parasitology, 165: 1-18.
  14. Solano-Gallego, L., Miró, G., Koutinas, A. (2011). LeishVet guidelines for the practical management of canine leishmaniasis. Parasite and Vectors, 20(4): 86.
  15. Tanner, M.A., Everett, C.L., Youvan, D.C. (2000). Molecular phylogenetic evidence for noninvasive zoonotic transmission of Staphylococcus intermedius from a canine pet to a human. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38: 1628-1631.
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 54 issue 1 (january 2020) : 96-100,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-696

    Investigation of bacterial and fungal agents from cutaneous lesions in canine Leishmaniasis

    U
    Ugur Parin
    G
    Goksel Erbas
    K
    Kerem Ural
    S
    Serap Savasan
    H
    Hafize Tugba Yuksel
    G
    Gamze Balat
    Þ
    Þukru Kirkan
    1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydýn, Turkey
    Cite article:- Parin Ugur, Erbas Goksel, Ural Kerem, Savasan Serap, Yuksel Tugba Hafize, Balat Gamze, Kirkan Þukru (2017). Investigation of bacterial and fungal agents from cutaneous lesions in canine Leishmaniasis. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 54(1): 96-100. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-696.

    ABSTRACT

    The objective of the present study was to determine the bacterial and fungal agents accompanying with cutaneous lesions of dogs suffering from Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL). Sterile swap samples were taken from cutaneous lesions inspected of ears, dorsal, collar, pectoral, inguinal and interdigital spaces of 20 dogs,  in which diagnosis were based on a combination of clinical symptoms, anti-leishmania antibody titers by use of Immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), and dogs were further classified according to the Leishvet Guidelines involving serological, hematological, serum biochemical, and urinalysis. Swap samples were inoculated to culture media for isolation and identification of bacterial and mycotic agents. 48 Staphylococcus aureus, 4 Bacillus cereus, 8 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 24 Candida albicans, 24 Microsporium canis and 4 Aspergillus niger were isolated and identified in both group of dogs. Regarding antibiotic susceptibility test, the isolates were found 100% susceptible to cefoperazone and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 53%  to danofloxacin, 46% of the isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin, and all of the isolates were  resistant (100%) to penicillin G and gentamicin. In conclusion, the antibacterial and antifungal therapy should be provided in accordance with antibiotic susceptibility tests in skin lesions of dogs suffering with CVL.

    REFERENCES

    1. Blavier, A., Keroack, S., Denerolle, P.A. (2011). Typical forms of canine leishmaniasis. Veterinary Journal, 162: 108-120.
    2. Ciaramella, P., Oliva. G., De Luna, R. (1997). A retrospective clinical study of canine leishmaniasis in 150 dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum. Veterinary Record, 22: 539-543.
    3. CLSI, (2011). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated From Animals. Approved Standard. 3rd ed. Document M31-A3, vol 28 No. 8. Villanova. Pa. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.
    4. Desjeux, P. (1996). Leishmaniasis: Public health aspects and control. Clinical Dermatology, 14: 417-423.
    5. Gramiccia, M. (2011). Recent advances in leishmaniasis in pet animals: Epidemiology, diagnostics and anti-vectorial prophylaxis. Veterinary Parasitology, 181: 23-33.
    6. Holt, G.J. and Krieg, N.R. (1993). Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (9th Edn.). Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. pp. 544-559. 
    7. Koneman, W.E., Allen, S.D., Janda, W.M., Schreckenberger, P.C. (1997). Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology (5th Edn.). Lippincott, Philadelpia. pp. 993-958.
    8. Koutinas, A.F., Saridomichelakis, M.N. and Mylonakis, M.E. (2001). A randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial with allopurinol in canine leishmaniasis. Veterinary Parasitology, 98: 247-261. 
    9. Lloyd, D.H. (1992). Therapy for Canine Pyoderma (15th Edn.). Elsevier, Philadelphia. pp. 539-544.
    10. Mason, I.S., Mason, K.V. and Lloyd, D.H. (1996). A review of the biology canine skin with respect to the commensals Staphylococcus intermedius, Demodex canis and Malassezia pachydermatis. Veterinary Dermatology, 7: 119-132. 
    11. Saijonmaa-Koulumies, L.E. and Lloyd, D.H. (1996). Colonisation of the canine skin with bacteria. Veterinary Dermatology, 7: 153-162.
    12. Saridomichelakis, M.N. (2009). Advances in the pathogenesis of canine leishmaniasis: epidemiologic and diagnostic implications. Veterinary Dermatology, 20: 471-489.
    13. Solano-Gallego, L., Koutinas, A., Miro, G. (2009). Directions for the diagnosis, clinical staging, treatment and prevention of canine leishmaniasis. Veterinary Parasitology, 165: 1-18.
    14. Solano-Gallego, L., Miró, G., Koutinas, A. (2011). LeishVet guidelines for the practical management of canine leishmaniasis. Parasite and Vectors, 20(4): 86.
    15. Tanner, M.A., Everett, C.L., Youvan, D.C. (2000). Molecular phylogenetic evidence for noninvasive zoonotic transmission of Staphylococcus intermedius from a canine pet to a human. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38: 1628-1631.
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