Indian Journal of Animal Research

  • Chief EditorK.M.L. Pathak

  • Print ISSN 0367-6722

  • Online ISSN 0976-0555

  • NAAS Rating 6.44

  • SJR .282 (2022)

  • Impact Factor .427 (2022)

Frequency :
Monthly (January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December)
Indexing Services :
Science Citation Index Expanded, BIOSIS Preview, ISI Citation Index, Biological Abstracts, Scopus, AGRICOLA, Google Scholar, CrossRef, CAB Abstracting Journals, Chemical Abstracts, Indian Science Abstracts, EBSCO Indexing Services, Index Copernicus

Evaluation of sevoflurane and isoflurane as maintenance agent in buffaloes after glycopyrrolate-xylazine-butorphanol-propofol anaesthesia 

R.N. Chaudhary, Rishi Tayal
  • Email
1<div style="text-align: justify;">Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology<br />Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Hisar-125 004, Haryana, India.</div>
Cite article:- Chaudhary R.N., Tayal Rishi (2019). Evaluation of sevoflurane and isoflurane as maintenance agent in buffaloes after glycopyrrolate-xylazine-butorphanol-propofol anaesthesia. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 54(2): 209-215. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3748.
The study was aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of isoflurane and sevoflurane as maintenance agent in a balanced anaesthetic combination for buffaloes undergoing diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy. Twelve clinical cases of diaphragmatic hernia in female buffaloes were randomly selected and assigned to two groups (PS and PI) of six animals each. After premedication with glycopyrrolate, xylazine and butorphanol, induction was done with propofol. For maintenance, either sevoflurane (PS) or isoflurane (PI) was used with oxygen through a partial rebreathing system. Clinical, physiological, behavioral, haematological and biochemical parameters were recorded at different intervals. No significant differences were observed in maintenance scores, degree of muscle relaxation as well as haematological and blood biochemical parameters between the groups. The heart and respiratory rates were observed to be less depressed in PS than in PI. The recovery and standing with ataxia in PS was significantly earlier than the PI. Both isoflurane and sevoflurane were found to be safe and effective maintenance anaesthetic agents for buffaloes undergoing diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy; however, the sevoflurane was assessed to be slightly better as maintenance agent because of faster recovery and lesser cardiovascular depression than isoflurane.
  1. Aida, H., Mizuno, Y., Hobo, S., Yoshida, K. andFujinaga, T. (1996). Cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of Sevoflurane anaesthesia in horses. Vet Anesth., 25: 164-170. 
  2. Behl, S.M., Singh, J. and Krishnamurthy, D. (1997) Functional stomach disorder (Vagus indigestion) in buffaloes, Aclinical investigation. Indian J Vet Surg., 18: 73-79.
  3. Bodh, D., Singh, K., Mohindroo, J., Gopinathan, A., Mahajan, S.K. and Saini, N.S. (2015). Evaluation of midazolam and midazolam-butorphanolpremedications for general anaesthesia in buffaloes. Indian J Vet Surg., 36(2):77-81.
  4. Brock, N. (1994). Acepromazine revisited. Canadian Vet J., 35: 458-459.
  5. Cagnardi, P., Zonca, A., Gallo, M., Pravettoni, D., Morandi, N., Villa, R. and Carli, S. (2009). 
  6. Pharmacokinetics of propofol in calves undergoing abdominal surgery. Vet. Res. Commun., 33(1): 177–179.
  7. Carroll, G.L. and Hartsfield, S.M. (1996). General anaesthetic techniques in ruminants. Vet Clin N Am -Food A., 12: 627-661.
  8. Carroll, G.L., Hooper, R.N., Slater, M.R., Hartsfield,S.M.and Matthews, N.S. (1998). Detomidine-butorphanol-propofol for carotid artery translocation and castration and ovariectomy in goats. Vet Surg., 27: 75-82.
  9. Dawidowicz, A.L., Kalitynszi, R., Kobielski, M. andPieniadz, J. (2006). Influence of propofol concentration in human plasma on free fraction of the drug. Chem-BiolInteract., 159: 149–155.
  10. Desborough, J.P. (2000). The stress response to trauma and surgery. Br J Anaesth., 85:109-17.
  11. Ebert, T.J., Harkin, C.P. and Muzi, M. (1995). Cardiovascular responses to sevoflurane, a review. Anesth Analg., 81(6 suppl.): S11-22.
  12. Elcock, D.H. and Sweeny, B.P. (2002). Sevoflurane vs. isoflurane: a clinical comparison in day surgery. Anaesthesia, 57:52-56.
  13. Galloway, D.S., Ko, J.C.H., Reaugh, H.H., Mandsagar, R.E. and Payton, M.E. (2004) Anaesthetic indices of Sevoflurane and isoflurane in unpremedicated dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc., 225: 700-704
  14. Gasthuys, F., Terpstra, P., Hende, C.V. and Demoor, A.( 1987) Hyperglycemia and diuresis during sedation with detomidine in horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc., 34: 641.
  15. Hall, L.W. and Peshin, P.K.( 1996). Propofol-halothane-nitrous oxide/oxygen anaesthesia for mega-voltage radiotherapy in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg., 23: 20-22.
  16. Hikasa, Y., Saito, K., Takase, K. and Ogasawara, S. (2000). Clinical, cardiopulmonary, haematological and serum biochemical effects of Sevoflurane and isoflurane anaesthesia in osxygen under spontaneous breathing sheep. Small Ruminant Res.36: 241-249. PMID:10781740.
  17. Johnson, R.A., Striler, E., Swayer, D.C. and Brunson, D.B. (1998). Comparison of isoflurane with Sevoflurane for anesthesia induction and recovery in adult dogs. Am J Vet Res., 59: 478-481. PMID: 9563634.
  18. Kazama, T. and Ikeda, K.( 1988). Comparison of MAC and the rate of rise of alveolar concentration of sevoflurane with halothane and isoflurane in the dog. Anesth., 68: 435-437.
  19. Khan, I., Kumar, A., Singh, J., Peshin, P.K. and Singh S. (2007). Evaluation of glycopyrrolate as an anticholinergic in buffalo calves (Bubalusbubalis). Ital J Anim Sci., 6(2): 1007-1010.
  20. Krishnamurthy, D. and Nigam, J.M. and Deshpande, K.S. (1985) Surgical techniques and management. In:Monograph on diaphragmatic herniain bovines (eds. Krishnamurthy, D., Nigam. J.M., Peshin, P.K., Sharma, D.N. and Tyagi, R.P.S.) pp.115, Published by Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (India).
  21. Lin, H.C. and Riddell, M.G. (2003). Preliminary study of effect of xylazine or detomidine with or without butorphanol for standing sedation in dairy cattle. Vet ther., 4(3): 285-291.
  22. Luis, A.L., Hofmeister, E.H., Pavez. J.C. andBrainard, B.M. (2009).Comparision of recovery from anaesthesia with isoflurane, Sevoflurane, or desflurane in healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res., 70(11): 1339-44.
  23. Mutoh, T., Nishimura, R., Kim, H.Y., Matsunaga, S. and Sasaki, N. (1997). Cardiopulmonary effects of sevoflurane, compared with halothane, enflurane and isoflurane in dogs. Am J Vet Res., 58: 885-890. PMID: 9256976.
  24. Nunez, E., Steffy, E.P. and Ocampo, L. (2004). Effects of á2 adrenergic receptor agonists on urine production in horses deprived of food and water. Am J Vet Res., 65: 1342-1346.
  25. Patel, S.S. and Goa, K.L. (1996). Sevoflurane-A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and its clinical use in general anaesthesia. Drugs, 52(2): 658-700.
  26. Peshin, P.K., Krishnamurthy, D., Singh, K., Nassimi, M.N.and Nigam, J.M. (1987). Haemodynamics and blood gas changes in buffaloes (Bubalusbubalis) in the supine position following thiopentoneanaesthesia with premedication. Vet Res Commun., 11: 1-4. 
  27. Potliya, S., Kumar, A., Kumar, S., Singh, S. and Kumar, S. (2015). Evaluation of efficacy and safety of glycopyrrolate- xylazine - propofol anesthesia in buffalo calves. Veterinary World, 8(3): 251-256.
  28. Proakis, A.G. and Harris, G.B. (1978). Comparative penetration of glycopyrrolate and atropine across the blood- brain and placental barriers in anaesthetized dogs. Anesth, 48: 339-344.
  29. Read, M.R., Read, E.K., Duke, T. and Wilson, D.G. (2002). Cardiopulmonary effects and induction and recovery charecteristics of isoflurane and Sevoflurane in foals. J Am Vet Med Assoc., 217: 1025-28.
  30. Seller, G., Lin Hui-Chu, Chamorro, M. F. andWalz, P.H. (2013).Comparision of isoflurane and sevoflurane anaesthesia in Holstein calves for placement of portal and jugular vein canula. Am J Anim Vet Sci., 8(1): 1-7.
  31. Selmi, A.L., Mendes, G.M., Lins, B.T., Figueirede, J.P. andBarbudeSelmi, G.R. (2005). Comparison of xylazine and metomidine as premedicants for cats being anaesthesised with propofol-sevoflurane. Vet Rec., 157(5): 139-43.
  32. Setoyama, K., Shinzato, T., Misumi, K., Fujiki, M. andSakamto, H. (2003). Effect of propofol-sevoflurane on maternal and f etal hemodynamics blood gases and uterine activity in pregnant goats. J Vet Medl Sci., 65(10): 1075-81.
  33. Singh, G.D., Kinjavedkar, P., Amarpal, Aithal, H.P., Pawde, A.M., Zama, M.M.S., Singh J and Tiwary, R. (2013). Clinicophysiological and haemodynamic effects of fentanyl with xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine in isoflurane anaesthetized water buffaloes (Bubalusbubalis). Journal of South African Veterinary Association. 84(1): Art. #67, 11 pages. http// dx.doi.org /10.4102 /jsava.v 84i 1.67.
  34. Steffy, E.P., Zinkl, J. and Howland, D.J. (1979). Minimal changes in blood cell counts and biochemical values associated with prolonged isoflurane anaesthesia of horses. Am J Vet Res. 40: 1646-1648.
  35. Steffy, E.P., Mama, K.R. and Brasnon, R.J. (2015). Inhalation anesthetics. In: Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia-The fifth edition of Lumb and Jones (eds. Grimm K A, Lamont LA, Tranquilli WJ, Greene SA and Robertson SA) Wiley Balckwell. P 310,
  36. Stoelting, R.K. (2011). Inhaled anaesthetics. In: Pharmacological and Physiological Basis of Anaesthesia Practice. [(Precy RC,editor)] Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia; pp.36-76. 

Editorial Board

View all (0)