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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 52 issue 10 (october 2018) : 1494-1498,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3386

Effect of fever on pharmacokinetics and disposition in biological fluids of minocycline in goats

C
C. Jayachandran
R
R. K. Nirala
K
K.G. Mandal
M
M.K. Singh
1Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Bihar Veterinary College, Patna-800014, Bihar, India
Cite article:- Jayachandran C., Nirala K. R., Mandal K.G., Singh M.K. (2017). Effect of fever on pharmacokinetics and disposition in biological fluids of minocycline in goats. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(10): 1494-1498. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3386.

ABSTRACT

Effect of fever on distribution, kinetic parameters and dosage regimen of minocycline in goats was studied. Concentrations of minocycline (5 mg.kg-1, i.v.) in plasma, milk, urine and interstitial fluid (ISF) were estimated in six afebrile and febrile goats by microbiological assay. Fever was induced by i.m. injection of lipopolysccharide of Eschreichia coli @ 0.20 mg.kg-1 i.m. which induced an in temperature of 1. 5 – 2.00F after 1 h of injection which was maintained for 8 h. Three injections of endotoxin were given during the period of study. Minocycline attained its mean peak concentration in milk, urine and interstitial fluid (ISF) earlier in febrile goats (0.75 h) than in afebrile goats (1 h). Kinetic parameters like  absorption rate constant (a), elimination rate constant (b), elimination rate constant from central to peripheral compartment (K12), elimination rate constant from peripheral to central constant (K21) and elimination rate constant from central compartment (Kel) were higher in febrile goats as compared to afebrile goats. Dosage regimen in goat, particularly in febrile condition was calculated so that it may be a guideline for physicians to treat the animals. Loading dose and maintenance doses were dependent on â and hence, for maintaining mean therapeutic level of 0.5ìg/ml in plasma, a loading dose (D*) of 6.9 mg/kg and maintenance dose (D0) of 4.7 mg/kg at dosage interval (g) of 12 h may be used in afebrile goats whereas higher doses of D* of 7.8 mg/kg followed by D0 of 6.1 mg/kg at g of 12 h may be administered in febrile goats.

REFERENCES

  1. Agrawal., A.K., Singh, S.D. and Jayachandran, C. Effect of fever on pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of intramuscularly administered amikacin in goats. J. Vet. Sci. 2: 91-96, 2001. 
  2. Ames, T.R., Larson, V.K. and Stowe, C.M. (1983). Oxytetracycline concentration in healthy and diseased calves. Am. J. Vet. Res. 44: 1354-1357. 
  3. Baggot, J.D. (2001).  Antimicrobial disposition, selection, administration and dosage. pp. 210-251. In: The Physiological Basis of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, Blackwell Science Ltd., Osney Mead, Oxford, London, U.K.
  4. British Pharmacopoeia. Biological Assay of Antibiotics (1980) In: The British Pharmacopoeia. Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, University Press, Cambridge, London: Vol.2, Appendix 14, pp. 122-124
  5. Chambers, H.F. (2001).  The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th Edn. Eds. J.G. Hardmann, A.G. Gilman. McGraw Hill Medical Publishing Division, New York. Protein synthesis inhibitors and miscellaneous antimicrobial agents. : pp. 1239 
  6. Gibaldi, M. and Perrier, D. (2007). Methods of residuals. in: Pharmacokinetics. 2nd Edn. Informa Healthcare Inc., New York. pp. 433- 444, 
  7. Jayachandran,C., Singh. and Banerjee, N.C. (1990). Pharmacokinetics and distribution of ampicillin in plasma, milk and uterine luid of female buffaloes. Vet. Res. Commun.14: 47-51.
  8. Jayachandran, C., Singh, M.K., Singh, S.D. and Jha, H.N. (1999) Pharmacokinetics and distribution of minocycline in different biological fluids of goats after intravenous administration. Indian. J. Anim. Sci. 69: 304-306.
  9. Notari, R.E. (1980). Principles of Pharmacokinetics: dosage regimen. In: R.E. Notari (ed.), Biopharmaceutics and clinical pharmacokinetics. 3rd Edn. Marcell Dekker Inc., New York. pp. 45-106 and 173-212
  10. Nagata, S., Yamashita, S., Kurosawa, M., Kuwajima, M., Hobo, Katyama Y. and Anjai, T. (2010). Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of minocycline hydrochloride in horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 71: 1062-1066
  11. Riffat, S., Nawaz, M. and Zia-ur-Rehman (1982). Pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine in normal and febrile dogs. J. Vety. Pharmacology and Theapeutics. 5:131-135.
  12. Saivin, S. and Houin, G. (1988). Clinical pharmacokinetics of doxycline and minocycline. Clin-Pharmacokinetic., 15: 355-366.
  13. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1994). Statistical Methods. 8th Edn. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa. 
  14. Wilson, R.C., Kitzman, J.V. Kemp, D.T. and Goetch, D.D. (1985). Compartmental and non compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis of Minocycline hydrochlorie in dog. American Journal Vety. Research 46:1316-1368
  15. Wilson R.C. and Green, N.K. (1986). Pharmacokinetics of Minocycline hydrochloride in clinical hypoprotinemic sheep. American Journal Vety. Research. 47: 650-652.
  16. Ziv, G. and Sulman, F.G. (1974). Analysis of pharmacokinetic properties of nine tetracycline analogues in dairy cows and ewes. Am. J. Vet. Res. 35: 1197-1201.
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    Research Article

    volume 52 issue 10 (october 2018) : 1494-1498,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3386

    Effect of fever on pharmacokinetics and disposition in biological fluids of minocycline in goats

    C
    C. Jayachandran
    R
    R. K. Nirala
    K
    K.G. Mandal
    M
    M.K. Singh
    1Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Bihar Veterinary College, Patna-800014, Bihar, India
    Cite article:- Jayachandran C., Nirala K. R., Mandal K.G., Singh M.K. (2017). Effect of fever on pharmacokinetics and disposition in biological fluids of minocycline in goats. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(10): 1494-1498. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3386.

    ABSTRACT

    Effect of fever on distribution, kinetic parameters and dosage regimen of minocycline in goats was studied. Concentrations of minocycline (5 mg.kg-1, i.v.) in plasma, milk, urine and interstitial fluid (ISF) were estimated in six afebrile and febrile goats by microbiological assay. Fever was induced by i.m. injection of lipopolysccharide of Eschreichia coli @ 0.20 mg.kg-1 i.m. which induced an in temperature of 1. 5 – 2.00F after 1 h of injection which was maintained for 8 h. Three injections of endotoxin were given during the period of study. Minocycline attained its mean peak concentration in milk, urine and interstitial fluid (ISF) earlier in febrile goats (0.75 h) than in afebrile goats (1 h). Kinetic parameters like  absorption rate constant (a), elimination rate constant (b), elimination rate constant from central to peripheral compartment (K12), elimination rate constant from peripheral to central constant (K21) and elimination rate constant from central compartment (Kel) were higher in febrile goats as compared to afebrile goats. Dosage regimen in goat, particularly in febrile condition was calculated so that it may be a guideline for physicians to treat the animals. Loading dose and maintenance doses were dependent on â and hence, for maintaining mean therapeutic level of 0.5ìg/ml in plasma, a loading dose (D*) of 6.9 mg/kg and maintenance dose (D0) of 4.7 mg/kg at dosage interval (g) of 12 h may be used in afebrile goats whereas higher doses of D* of 7.8 mg/kg followed by D0 of 6.1 mg/kg at g of 12 h may be administered in febrile goats.

    REFERENCES

    1. Agrawal., A.K., Singh, S.D. and Jayachandran, C. Effect of fever on pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of intramuscularly administered amikacin in goats. J. Vet. Sci. 2: 91-96, 2001. 
    2. Ames, T.R., Larson, V.K. and Stowe, C.M. (1983). Oxytetracycline concentration in healthy and diseased calves. Am. J. Vet. Res. 44: 1354-1357. 
    3. Baggot, J.D. (2001).  Antimicrobial disposition, selection, administration and dosage. pp. 210-251. In: The Physiological Basis of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, Blackwell Science Ltd., Osney Mead, Oxford, London, U.K.
    4. British Pharmacopoeia. Biological Assay of Antibiotics (1980) In: The British Pharmacopoeia. Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, University Press, Cambridge, London: Vol.2, Appendix 14, pp. 122-124
    5. Chambers, H.F. (2001).  The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th Edn. Eds. J.G. Hardmann, A.G. Gilman. McGraw Hill Medical Publishing Division, New York. Protein synthesis inhibitors and miscellaneous antimicrobial agents. : pp. 1239 
    6. Gibaldi, M. and Perrier, D. (2007). Methods of residuals. in: Pharmacokinetics. 2nd Edn. Informa Healthcare Inc., New York. pp. 433- 444, 
    7. Jayachandran,C., Singh. and Banerjee, N.C. (1990). Pharmacokinetics and distribution of ampicillin in plasma, milk and uterine luid of female buffaloes. Vet. Res. Commun.14: 47-51.
    8. Jayachandran, C., Singh, M.K., Singh, S.D. and Jha, H.N. (1999) Pharmacokinetics and distribution of minocycline in different biological fluids of goats after intravenous administration. Indian. J. Anim. Sci. 69: 304-306.
    9. Notari, R.E. (1980). Principles of Pharmacokinetics: dosage regimen. In: R.E. Notari (ed.), Biopharmaceutics and clinical pharmacokinetics. 3rd Edn. Marcell Dekker Inc., New York. pp. 45-106 and 173-212
    10. Nagata, S., Yamashita, S., Kurosawa, M., Kuwajima, M., Hobo, Katyama Y. and Anjai, T. (2010). Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of minocycline hydrochloride in horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 71: 1062-1066
    11. Riffat, S., Nawaz, M. and Zia-ur-Rehman (1982). Pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine in normal and febrile dogs. J. Vety. Pharmacology and Theapeutics. 5:131-135.
    12. Saivin, S. and Houin, G. (1988). Clinical pharmacokinetics of doxycline and minocycline. Clin-Pharmacokinetic., 15: 355-366.
    13. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1994). Statistical Methods. 8th Edn. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa. 
    14. Wilson, R.C., Kitzman, J.V. Kemp, D.T. and Goetch, D.D. (1985). Compartmental and non compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis of Minocycline hydrochlorie in dog. American Journal Vety. Research 46:1316-1368
    15. Wilson R.C. and Green, N.K. (1986). Pharmacokinetics of Minocycline hydrochloride in clinical hypoprotinemic sheep. American Journal Vety. Research. 47: 650-652.
    16. Ziv, G. and Sulman, F.G. (1974). Analysis of pharmacokinetic properties of nine tetracycline analogues in dairy cows and ewes. Am. J. Vet. Res. 35: 1197-1201.
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