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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 49 issue 5 (october 2015) : 565-572,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.5563

Molecular characteristics and expression profile of the Rheb gene in Rongchang piglets (Sus scrofa )

L
Ling Gan
H
Hongyuan Mei
B
Binyu Yang
F
Fuyuan Zuo
1Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, 402460 Chongqing, P.R China.
Cite article:- Gan Ling, Mei Hongyuan, Yang Binyu, Zuo Fuyuan (2025). Molecular characteristics and expression profile of the Rheb gene in Rongchang piglets (Sus scrofa ). Indian Journal of Animal Research. 49(5): 565-572. doi: 10.18805/ijar.5563.

ABSTRACT

To give some insights into the genetic functions of Rheb signaling pathway in Rongchang piglets, this study reported the identification of complete coding sequence of the Rheb gene in Rongchang piglets and indicated that the complete coding region sequence is 555bp in length and encodes 184 amino acids, containing nearly all the conserved protein domains in the Rheb protein family. The deduced amino acid sequence identity between the Rongchang pig and sheep, cattle, or goat is 100%, 99% and 98%, respectively. Spatial transcriptional profile analysis indicated that the Rheb gene is expressed at remarkably high levels in both salivary gland and brain, especially in hypothalamus and ventral hippocampus (VH) regions of brain. Developmental expression profile analysis revealed the expression pattern is different between brain sub-regions and salivary gland of these two breeds of piglets, with the similar expression pattern despite various mRNA levels between Rongchang and Large White piglets.

REFERENCES

  1. Bourne, H.R., Sanders. D.A. and McCormick. F. (1991). The GTPase superfamily: conserved structure and molecular mechanism. Nature. 349: 117–127.
  2. Cao, K., Ryvkin. P. and Hwang. Y.C. (2013). Analysis of Nonlinear Gene Expression Progression Reveals Extensive Pathway and Age-Specific Transitions in Aging Human Brains. PloS One. 8: e74578.
  3. Casellas, J., Noguera., J.L. Varon.., L. Sànchez., A. Arquè. M. and Piedrafita. J. (2004). Viability of Iberian x Meishan F2 newborn pigs. II. Survival analysis up to weaning. J. Anim. Sci. 82:1925-1930.
  4. Cenquizca, L.A. and Swanson. L.W (2006). Analysis of direct hippocampal cortical field CA1 axonal projections to diencephalon in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 497: 101–114.
  5. Cota, D., Proulx., K. Smith., K.A.B. Kozma. S.C. and Thomas. G. (2006). Hypothalamic mTOR Signaling Regulates Food Intake. Science. 312: 927–930.
  6. Davidson, T.L., Kanoski., S.E. Walls. E.K. and Jarrard. L.E. (2005). Memory inhibition and energy regulation. Physiol Behav. 86: 731–746.
  7. Deutsch, M. and Long. M. (1999). Intron-exon structures of eukaryotic model organisms. Nucleic Acids Research. 
  8. 27: 3219-3228.
  9. Fanselow, M.S. and Dong. H.W. (2010). Are the Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus functionally distinct structures? Neuron. 65: 7-19.
  10. Fujita-Yoshigaki, J., ShirouzuM Ito., Y. Hattori., S. Furuyama., S. Nishimura. S. and Yokoyama. S. (1995). A constitutive efector region on the C-terminal side of switch I of the Ras protein. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 4661–4667.
  11. Fuster-Matanzo, A., Llorens-Martín., M. de Barreda., E.G. Ávila. J. and Hernández. F. (2011). Different Susceptibility to Neurodegeneration of Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus: A Study with Transgenic Mice Overexpressing GSK3b. PLoS ONE. 6: e27262.
  12. Goorden, S.M., Hoogeveen-Westerveld., M. Cheng., C. van Woerden., G.M. Mozaffari., M. Post., L. Duckers., H.J. Nellist. M. and Elgersma. Y. (2011). Rheb is essential for murine development. Mol Cell Biol. 31: 1672–1678.
  13. Gromov, P.S., Madsen., P. Tomerup. N. and Celis. J.E. (1995). A novel approach for expression cloning of small GTPases: identification, tissue distribution and chromosome mapping of the human homolog of rheb. FEBS letters. 377: 221-226.
  14. Hayashi, A.A. and Proud. C.G. (2007). The rapid activation of protein synthesis by growth hormone requires signaling through mTOR. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 292: e1647-e1655.
  15. Hillebrand, J.J.G., De Wied. D. and Adan. R.A.H. (2002). Neuropeptides, food intake and body weight regulation: a hypothalamic focus. Peptides. 23: 2283-2306.
  16. Kanoski, S.E. and Davidson. T.L. (2011). Western diet consumption and cognitive impairment: links to hippocampal dysfunction and obesity. Physiol Behav. 103: 59–68.
  17. Kommadath, A., te Pas. M.F.W. and Smits. M.A. (2013). Gene coexpression network analysis identifies genes and biological processes shared among anterior pituitary and brain areas that affect estrous behavior in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 96: 2583-2595.
  18. Luo, J., Chen. D. and Yu. B. (2010). Effects of different dietary protein sources on expression of genes related to protein metabolism in growing rats. British Journal of Nutrition. 104: 1421-1428.
  19. Momot, Y.A. (2012). Secretory activity of parotid salivary glands in piglets in the neonatal period. Izdatel’ski Dom Svinovodstvo. 38-39.
  20. Persdotter, L. (2010). Piglet mortality in commercial piglet production herds, Masters Thesis,Switzerland: Swedish Univerity of Agricultural Sciences.
  21. Ren, L.L. (2013). Probing the molecular Pathological mechanism underlying the deafness in albino Rongchang swine. PhD thesis. Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School PLA.
  22. Reuther, G.W. and Der. C.J (2000). The Ras branch of small GTPases: Ras family members don’t fall far from the tree. Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 12: 157-165.
  23. Suryawan, A., Torrazza., R.M. Gazzaneo., M.C. Orellana., R.A. Fiorotto., M.L. El-Kadi., S.W. Srivastava., N. Nguyen. H.V. and Davis. T.A. (2012). Enteral leucine supplementation increases protein synthesis in skeletal and cardiac muscles and visceral tissues of neonatal pigs through mTORC1-dependent pathways. Pediatric Research. 71: 324-331.
  24. Takai, Y., Sasaki. T. and Matozaki. T. (2001). Small GTP-binding proteins. Physiological reviews. 81: 153-208.
  25. Tamai, T., Yamaguchi. O. and Hikoso. S. (2013). Rheb (Ras homologue enriched in brain)-dependent mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation becomes indispensable for cardiac hypertrophic growth after early postnatal period. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 288: 10176-10187.
  26. Tee, A.R, Blenis. J. and Proud. C.G. (2005). Analysis of mTOR signaling by the small G-proteins, Rheb and RhebL1. FEBS letters. 579: 4763-4768.
  27. Urano, J., Ellis., C. Clark. G.J. and Tamanoi. F. (2001). Characterization of Rheb functions using yeast and mammalian systems. Methods in Enzymology. 333: 217-231.
  28. Urano, J., Tabancay., A.P. Yang. W. and Tamanoi. F. (2000). The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rheb G-protein is involved in regulating canavanine resistance and arginine uptake. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275: 11198-11206.
  29. Yamagata, K., Sanders., L.K. Kaufmann., W.E. Yee., W. Barnes., C.A. Nathans. D. and Worley. P.F (1994). rheb, a growth factor-and synaptic activity-regulated gene, encodes a novel Ras-related protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269: 16333-16339.
  30. Yang, W.C., Jiang., W.X. Luo., L.P. Bu., J.C. Pang., D.J. Wei., J. C.Y.Z. Du., X.Q. Xia., Y.Y. Cui., S. Liu., Q. Mao. and M.N. Chen. 2014. Genetic Deletion of Rheb1 in the Brain Reduces Food Intake and Causes Hypoglycemia with Altered Peripheral Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 15: 1499-1510.
  31. Yang, W., Urano. J. and Tamanoi F. (2000). Protein farnesylation is critical for maintaining normal cell morphology and canavanine resistance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275: 429-438.
  32. Zhao, X.Q., T.L.G. Bao. H. Li., and Ying. Z.Q. (2012). Influence of intron length on interaction characters between post- spliced intron and its CDS in ribosomal protein genes. NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS ICNAAM 2012: International Conference of Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics. AIP Publishing. 1479: 1564-1567.
  33. Zheng, X., Yang., J.F. Wang., X.J. Liang., Y. Wu., M.L. Shi., J.J. Zhang., T. Qin., Y. Li., S.Y. Hao., X.Y. Wang. Z.G. and Liu. D.J. (2011). Molecular Characterization and Expression Pattern of Rheb Gene in Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat (Capra hircus). Agricultural Sciences in China. 10: 1452-1458.
  34. Zou, J, Zhou., L. Du., X.X. Ji., Y. Xu., J. Tian., J. Jiang., W. Zou., Y. Yu. S. and Gan. L. (2011). Rheb1 is required for mTORC1 and myelination in postnatal brain development. Dev Cell. 20: 97–108.
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    volume 49 issue 5 (october 2015) : 565-572,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.5563

    Molecular characteristics and expression profile of the Rheb gene in Rongchang piglets (Sus scrofa )

    L
    Ling Gan
    H
    Hongyuan Mei
    B
    Binyu Yang
    F
    Fuyuan Zuo
    1Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, 402460 Chongqing, P.R China.
    Cite article:- Gan Ling, Mei Hongyuan, Yang Binyu, Zuo Fuyuan (2025). Molecular characteristics and expression profile of the Rheb gene in Rongchang piglets (Sus scrofa ). Indian Journal of Animal Research. 49(5): 565-572. doi: 10.18805/ijar.5563.

    ABSTRACT

    To give some insights into the genetic functions of Rheb signaling pathway in Rongchang piglets, this study reported the identification of complete coding sequence of the Rheb gene in Rongchang piglets and indicated that the complete coding region sequence is 555bp in length and encodes 184 amino acids, containing nearly all the conserved protein domains in the Rheb protein family. The deduced amino acid sequence identity between the Rongchang pig and sheep, cattle, or goat is 100%, 99% and 98%, respectively. Spatial transcriptional profile analysis indicated that the Rheb gene is expressed at remarkably high levels in both salivary gland and brain, especially in hypothalamus and ventral hippocampus (VH) regions of brain. Developmental expression profile analysis revealed the expression pattern is different between brain sub-regions and salivary gland of these two breeds of piglets, with the similar expression pattern despite various mRNA levels between Rongchang and Large White piglets.

    REFERENCES

    1. Bourne, H.R., Sanders. D.A. and McCormick. F. (1991). The GTPase superfamily: conserved structure and molecular mechanism. Nature. 349: 117–127.
    2. Cao, K., Ryvkin. P. and Hwang. Y.C. (2013). Analysis of Nonlinear Gene Expression Progression Reveals Extensive Pathway and Age-Specific Transitions in Aging Human Brains. PloS One. 8: e74578.
    3. Casellas, J., Noguera., J.L. Varon.., L. Sànchez., A. Arquè. M. and Piedrafita. J. (2004). Viability of Iberian x Meishan F2 newborn pigs. II. Survival analysis up to weaning. J. Anim. Sci. 82:1925-1930.
    4. Cenquizca, L.A. and Swanson. L.W (2006). Analysis of direct hippocampal cortical field CA1 axonal projections to diencephalon in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 497: 101–114.
    5. Cota, D., Proulx., K. Smith., K.A.B. Kozma. S.C. and Thomas. G. (2006). Hypothalamic mTOR Signaling Regulates Food Intake. Science. 312: 927–930.
    6. Davidson, T.L., Kanoski., S.E. Walls. E.K. and Jarrard. L.E. (2005). Memory inhibition and energy regulation. Physiol Behav. 86: 731–746.
    7. Deutsch, M. and Long. M. (1999). Intron-exon structures of eukaryotic model organisms. Nucleic Acids Research. 
    8. 27: 3219-3228.
    9. Fanselow, M.S. and Dong. H.W. (2010). Are the Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus functionally distinct structures? Neuron. 65: 7-19.
    10. Fujita-Yoshigaki, J., ShirouzuM Ito., Y. Hattori., S. Furuyama., S. Nishimura. S. and Yokoyama. S. (1995). A constitutive efector region on the C-terminal side of switch I of the Ras protein. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 4661–4667.
    11. Fuster-Matanzo, A., Llorens-Martín., M. de Barreda., E.G. Ávila. J. and Hernández. F. (2011). Different Susceptibility to Neurodegeneration of Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus: A Study with Transgenic Mice Overexpressing GSK3b. PLoS ONE. 6: e27262.
    12. Goorden, S.M., Hoogeveen-Westerveld., M. Cheng., C. van Woerden., G.M. Mozaffari., M. Post., L. Duckers., H.J. Nellist. M. and Elgersma. Y. (2011). Rheb is essential for murine development. Mol Cell Biol. 31: 1672–1678.
    13. Gromov, P.S., Madsen., P. Tomerup. N. and Celis. J.E. (1995). A novel approach for expression cloning of small GTPases: identification, tissue distribution and chromosome mapping of the human homolog of rheb. FEBS letters. 377: 221-226.
    14. Hayashi, A.A. and Proud. C.G. (2007). The rapid activation of protein synthesis by growth hormone requires signaling through mTOR. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 292: e1647-e1655.
    15. Hillebrand, J.J.G., De Wied. D. and Adan. R.A.H. (2002). Neuropeptides, food intake and body weight regulation: a hypothalamic focus. Peptides. 23: 2283-2306.
    16. Kanoski, S.E. and Davidson. T.L. (2011). Western diet consumption and cognitive impairment: links to hippocampal dysfunction and obesity. Physiol Behav. 103: 59–68.
    17. Kommadath, A., te Pas. M.F.W. and Smits. M.A. (2013). Gene coexpression network analysis identifies genes and biological processes shared among anterior pituitary and brain areas that affect estrous behavior in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 96: 2583-2595.
    18. Luo, J., Chen. D. and Yu. B. (2010). Effects of different dietary protein sources on expression of genes related to protein metabolism in growing rats. British Journal of Nutrition. 104: 1421-1428.
    19. Momot, Y.A. (2012). Secretory activity of parotid salivary glands in piglets in the neonatal period. Izdatel’ski Dom Svinovodstvo. 38-39.
    20. Persdotter, L. (2010). Piglet mortality in commercial piglet production herds, Masters Thesis,Switzerland: Swedish Univerity of Agricultural Sciences.
    21. Ren, L.L. (2013). Probing the molecular Pathological mechanism underlying the deafness in albino Rongchang swine. PhD thesis. Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School PLA.
    22. Reuther, G.W. and Der. C.J (2000). The Ras branch of small GTPases: Ras family members don’t fall far from the tree. Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 12: 157-165.
    23. Suryawan, A., Torrazza., R.M. Gazzaneo., M.C. Orellana., R.A. Fiorotto., M.L. El-Kadi., S.W. Srivastava., N. Nguyen. H.V. and Davis. T.A. (2012). Enteral leucine supplementation increases protein synthesis in skeletal and cardiac muscles and visceral tissues of neonatal pigs through mTORC1-dependent pathways. Pediatric Research. 71: 324-331.
    24. Takai, Y., Sasaki. T. and Matozaki. T. (2001). Small GTP-binding proteins. Physiological reviews. 81: 153-208.
    25. Tamai, T., Yamaguchi. O. and Hikoso. S. (2013). Rheb (Ras homologue enriched in brain)-dependent mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation becomes indispensable for cardiac hypertrophic growth after early postnatal period. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 288: 10176-10187.
    26. Tee, A.R, Blenis. J. and Proud. C.G. (2005). Analysis of mTOR signaling by the small G-proteins, Rheb and RhebL1. FEBS letters. 579: 4763-4768.
    27. Urano, J., Ellis., C. Clark. G.J. and Tamanoi. F. (2001). Characterization of Rheb functions using yeast and mammalian systems. Methods in Enzymology. 333: 217-231.
    28. Urano, J., Tabancay., A.P. Yang. W. and Tamanoi. F. (2000). The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rheb G-protein is involved in regulating canavanine resistance and arginine uptake. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275: 11198-11206.
    29. Yamagata, K., Sanders., L.K. Kaufmann., W.E. Yee., W. Barnes., C.A. Nathans. D. and Worley. P.F (1994). rheb, a growth factor-and synaptic activity-regulated gene, encodes a novel Ras-related protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269: 16333-16339.
    30. Yang, W.C., Jiang., W.X. Luo., L.P. Bu., J.C. Pang., D.J. Wei., J. C.Y.Z. Du., X.Q. Xia., Y.Y. Cui., S. Liu., Q. Mao. and M.N. Chen. 2014. Genetic Deletion of Rheb1 in the Brain Reduces Food Intake and Causes Hypoglycemia with Altered Peripheral Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 15: 1499-1510.
    31. Yang, W., Urano. J. and Tamanoi F. (2000). Protein farnesylation is critical for maintaining normal cell morphology and canavanine resistance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275: 429-438.
    32. Zhao, X.Q., T.L.G. Bao. H. Li., and Ying. Z.Q. (2012). Influence of intron length on interaction characters between post- spliced intron and its CDS in ribosomal protein genes. NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS ICNAAM 2012: International Conference of Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics. AIP Publishing. 1479: 1564-1567.
    33. Zheng, X., Yang., J.F. Wang., X.J. Liang., Y. Wu., M.L. Shi., J.J. Zhang., T. Qin., Y. Li., S.Y. Hao., X.Y. Wang. Z.G. and Liu. D.J. (2011). Molecular Characterization and Expression Pattern of Rheb Gene in Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat (Capra hircus). Agricultural Sciences in China. 10: 1452-1458.
    34. Zou, J, Zhou., L. Du., X.X. Ji., Y. Xu., J. Tian., J. Jiang., W. Zou., Y. Yu. S. and Gan. L. (2011). Rheb1 is required for mTORC1 and myelination in postnatal brain development. Dev Cell. 20: 97–108.
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