Indian Journal of Animal Research

  • Chief EditorK.M.L. Pathak

  • Print ISSN 0367-6722

  • Online ISSN 0976-0555

  • NAAS Rating 6.50

  • SJR 0.263

  • Impact Factor 0.4 (2024)

Frequency :
Monthly (January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December)
Indexing Services :
Science Citation Index Expanded, BIOSIS Preview, ISI Citation Index, Biological Abstracts, Scopus, AGRICOLA, Google Scholar, CrossRef, CAB Abstracting Journals, Chemical Abstracts, Indian Science Abstracts, EBSCO Indexing Services, Index Copernicus
Indian Journal of Animal Research, volume 50 issue 2 (april 2016) : 250-254

Studies on draftability and enhanced utilization of small size bullocks of Odisha for pulling improved steel cart on tar road

M.K. Ghosal*, S.K. Swain, A.K. Dash, A.K. Mohapatra
1<p>Department of Farm Machinery and Power, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,&nbsp;Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751003, India</p>
Cite article:- Ghosal* M.K., Swain S.K., Dash A.K., Mohapatra A.K. (2016). Studies on draftability and enhanced utilization of small size bullocksof Odisha for pulling improved steel cart on tar road . Indian Journal of Animal Research. 50(2): 250-254. doi: 10.18805/ijar.8423.

An improved steel bullock cart (2.0 tones capacity) of INSDAG (Institute of Steel Development and Growth, Kolkata) design has been evaluated after putting rubber liner on its wheels as a modification, with a view to study its suitability in preventing the surface of rural roads. The cart with and without rubber liner was tested in the tar road of animal test track existed in the premises of OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during the year 2012 with a pair of non-descript small size bullocks having a pair body weight of 420 kg. The results indicated that the small size bullocks could sustain pulling a pay load of 1200 kg continuously for three hours with rubber liner with the work rest cycle of 1 hour work + 15 min rest + 1 hour work + 20 min rest + 1 hour work as against 900 kg without rubber liner in tar road. 


  1. Anonymous. (2011). Census of India, 2011. Census Commissioner, Govt. of India, New Delhi.

  2. Anonymous. (2012). India Year Book. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Government of India.

  3. Anonymous. (2010). Biennial Report (2008-10) of AICRP on Utilization of Animal Energy with Enhanced System Efficiency. Bhubaneswar Centre, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, 1-28.

  4. Anonymous. (2005). Improved bullock carts. Institute for steel development and growth (INSDAG), Kolkata. Publication Number: INS/PUB/077.

  5. Behera, D., Behera, B.K., Mohapatra A.K. and Swain S. (2006). Draught animal status in Orissa and its utilization pattern in few selected villages. Agricultural Engineering Today, 30 (5, 6).

  6. Deshpande, S.D., Ojha, T.P. (1985). Development and evaluation of an improved ox-cart for central India. Journal of Terramechanics, 22: 135-146.

  7. Ghosal, M.K., Behera, D and Mohapatra A.K. (2011). Performance evaluation of an improved two wheel steel bullock cart (2.0 tones capacity) for transport of agricultural produce in an agricultural farm. Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2: 518-521.

  8. Ghosal, M.K., Behera, D and Mohapatra A.K. (2012). Performance evaluation of an improved single bullock operated steel cart (0.5 ton capacity) for sustainable rural transport. Animal Science Reporter, October 2012, 6: 131-136.

  9. Kravchenko, Alexander, Olga Sanko and Alexander Lukichov. (2012). Research of dynamics of tire wear of trucks and prognostication of their service life. Transport problems. Vol.7, Issue 4.

  10. Ramanujam, K.N. (1993). Rural transport in India. Mittal Publications, New Delhi.

  11. Srivastava, N.S.L. (2000). Animal energy in agriculture. Agricultural Engineering Today, 24: 24-26.

  12. Upadhyay, R.C. and Madan, M.L. (1985). Draught performance of Haryana and crossbred bullocks in different seasons. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 55: 50-54.

Editorial Board

View all (0)