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volume 47 issue 4 (august 2013) : 283-291

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND FUNGI ISOLATED FROM SKIN ULCERS OF CIRRHINUS MRIGALA

P
Parvati Sharma
R
R.C. Sihag
A
Anuradha Bhradwaj1
1Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, CCS Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar- 125 001, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Sharma Parvati, Sihag R.C., Bhradwaj1 Anuradha (2025). ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND FUNGI ISOLATED FROM SKIN ULCERS OF CIRRHINUS MRIGALA . Indian Journal of Animal Research. 47(4): 283-291. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Diseases like epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), hemorrhagic septicemia, fin and tail rot, gill rot, dropsy etc. are caused in fish due to bacterial pathogens. The present investigation was carried out to isolate and characterize fish pathogens obtained from the diseased fish collected from different farms around Hisar, Haryana, India. Six types of pathogenic bacteria and a fungus were found to cause the epizootic ulcerative syndrome disease. A number of biochemical tests were carried out for identification of these causative agents. Six pathogenic bacteria viz. Streptococcus grp Q1, Aeromonas hydrophilla, Shigella spp., Streptococcus faecalis, Cellobiosococcus sciuri, Micrococcus luteus were identified. The fungus, Aphanomyces invadens was also identified and isolated from the diseased fish. Based on the programme PIBwin, ID scores were allotted to each bacterial isolate and matched/compared with the standard scores of the reference bacterium and on this basis the bacterial isolates were tentatively identified. The pathogenicity of disease causing organisms was confirmed through both in vitro and in vivo experiments.

REFERENCES

  1. Anbarasu, K., Thangakrishnan, K., Aruna, B.V. and Chandran, M.R. (1998). Assessment of immune response in freshwater catfish (Mystus vittatus) (Bloch) to different bacterins of Aeromonas hydrophila. Environ. Sci., 36: 990-995.
  2. Aoki, T., Hirono, I. and Hayashi, A. (1995). The Fish Pathogenic Bacterium Pasturella piscida Detected by PCR. In: Diseases in Asian Aquaculture II. Shariff,. Arthur, J.R. and R.P. Subasinghe (Eds.). Fish Health Section. Asian Fish Soc., Manila,. pp. 347-53.
  3. Aoki, T., Katagari, T. and Hirono I. (1996). Rapid detection of the fish pathogenic bacterium (Pasturella piscida) by polymerase chain reaction targeting nucleotide sequences of the species specific plasmid bZP. Fish Pathol., 32: 143-151.
  4. Boonyaratapalin, S. (1989). Bacterial pathogens involved in the epizootic ulcerative syndrome offish in Southeast Asia. Environ. Sci., 1: 272–276.
  5. Chowdhury, M.B.R. (1998). Involvement of aeromonads and pseudomonads in disease of farmed fish in Bangladesh. Fish Pathology, 33: 247-254.
  6. Dey R. K. (1989). Pathological changes associated with EUS. Summer Institute Fish Disease and Health Management in Freshwater Aquaculture Systems, June 5-24, CIFA, Bhubaneshwar.
  7. Fliermans, C.B., Gordon, R.W., Hazen, T.C. and Esch G.W. (1977). Aeromonas distribution and survival in a thermally Altered lake. Applic. Environ. Microbiol., 33: 114–127.
  8. Kirk, W.L. (1974). The effects of hypoxia on certain blood and tissue electrolytes of channel catfish, (Ictalurus punctatus) (Rafinesque). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 103: 593–600.
  9. Krieg, N.R. and Holt, J.G. (1984). Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 9th Ed. Vol. 1, Williams and Wilkins Baltimore, London 24-26 pp.
  10. Kumar, D. (1989). Ulcerative syndrome outbreak in India. Summer institute on fish disease diagnosis and health management in freshwater aquaculture system. June 5-24.
  11. Kumar, D., Farkas, J. and Sinha V.R.P. (1986). Bacteria from diseased fresh water fish from India. Aquacult. 5: 113-118.
  12. Lilley, J.H. (1992). Assaying pond water for spores of saprolegniaceous fungi. Proceedings of the Seminar on Fisheries, (SF’92),. National Inland Fisheries Institute, Bangkhen, pp. 79-82
  13. Lilley, J.H., Philips, J.H. and Tonguthai, K. (1992). A Review of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) in Asia. Aquatic Animal Health Research Institute and Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 73.
  14. Lilley, J.H., Thompson, K.D. and Adams, S. (1997). Characterisation of Aphanomyces invadans by electrophoretic and Western Blot analysis. Dis. Aquatic Organisms, 30: 187-197.
  15. Lio-Po, G.D., Albright, L.J. and Leano, E.M. (1998). Experiments on virulence dose and portals of entry for Aeromonas hydrophila in walking catfish. J. Aquacult. Anim. Health, 8: 340– 343.
  16. Mukherjee, S. C., Chandra, S. and Nayak, K. (1991). Studies on biochemical differences among isolates of Aeromaonas hydrophila obtained from ulcerative disease affected fishes. Proceedings of the National Freashwater Aquaculture,. (NFA’91). C.I.F.A. Bhubaneswar,. pp. 186-188.
  17. OIE (2006). Diagnostic Manual for Aquatic Animal Diseases. 4th edn. OIE, Paris, France.
  18. Pathiratne, A. and Rajapakshe, W. (1998). Hematological changes associated with epizootic ulcerative syndrome in the Asian cichlid fish (Etroplus suratensis). Asian Fish. Sci., 11: 203– 211.
  19. Sarker, M.G.A., Sarker, A. and Chowdhury, M.B.R. (1999). Occurrence of aeromonad pathogens in carp fingerling at Mymensigh region of Bangladesh.. Bangladesh J. Fish., 22, pp. 7 -12.
  20. Shamsudin, M.N. (1986). Bacteriological Examination of Fingerlings of Big Head Carp (Arictichthys nobiles) and Grass Carp (CItenopharygodon idella) Imported in Malaysia. Asian Fish. Sco., Manila, Philippines, pp. 235-240.
  21. Tonguthai, K. (1985). A Preliminary Account of Ulcerative Disease in the Indo-Pacific Region (A Comprehensive Study Based on Thai Experiences). National Inland Fisheries Institute, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 39.
  22. Torres, J.L. (1990). Studies on motile Aeromonas sp. associated with healthy and epizootic ulcerative syndrome-positive fish. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pertannain, Malaysia.
  23. Torres, J.L., Tajima, K. and Shariff, M. (1993). Numerical taxonomy and virulence screening of Aeromonas spp. isolated from healthy and epizootic ulcerative syndrome-positive fishes. Asian Fish. Sci., 6, pp. 11–16.
  24. Wedemeyer, G. (1970). The role of stress in disease resistance of fishes. Am. Fish. Soc., 5:30 -35.
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    volume 47 issue 4 (august 2013) : 283-291

    ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND FUNGI ISOLATED FROM SKIN ULCERS OF CIRRHINUS MRIGALA

    P
    Parvati Sharma
    R
    R.C. Sihag
    A
    Anuradha Bhradwaj1
    1Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, CCS Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar- 125 001, India

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- Sharma Parvati, Sihag R.C., Bhradwaj1 Anuradha (2025). ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND FUNGI ISOLATED FROM SKIN ULCERS OF CIRRHINUS MRIGALA . Indian Journal of Animal Research. 47(4): 283-291. doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    Diseases like epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), hemorrhagic septicemia, fin and tail rot, gill rot, dropsy etc. are caused in fish due to bacterial pathogens. The present investigation was carried out to isolate and characterize fish pathogens obtained from the diseased fish collected from different farms around Hisar, Haryana, India. Six types of pathogenic bacteria and a fungus were found to cause the epizootic ulcerative syndrome disease. A number of biochemical tests were carried out for identification of these causative agents. Six pathogenic bacteria viz. Streptococcus grp Q1, Aeromonas hydrophilla, Shigella spp., Streptococcus faecalis, Cellobiosococcus sciuri, Micrococcus luteus were identified. The fungus, Aphanomyces invadens was also identified and isolated from the diseased fish. Based on the programme PIBwin, ID scores were allotted to each bacterial isolate and matched/compared with the standard scores of the reference bacterium and on this basis the bacterial isolates were tentatively identified. The pathogenicity of disease causing organisms was confirmed through both in vitro and in vivo experiments.

    REFERENCES

    1. Anbarasu, K., Thangakrishnan, K., Aruna, B.V. and Chandran, M.R. (1998). Assessment of immune response in freshwater catfish (Mystus vittatus) (Bloch) to different bacterins of Aeromonas hydrophila. Environ. Sci., 36: 990-995.
    2. Aoki, T., Hirono, I. and Hayashi, A. (1995). The Fish Pathogenic Bacterium Pasturella piscida Detected by PCR. In: Diseases in Asian Aquaculture II. Shariff,. Arthur, J.R. and R.P. Subasinghe (Eds.). Fish Health Section. Asian Fish Soc., Manila,. pp. 347-53.
    3. Aoki, T., Katagari, T. and Hirono I. (1996). Rapid detection of the fish pathogenic bacterium (Pasturella piscida) by polymerase chain reaction targeting nucleotide sequences of the species specific plasmid bZP. Fish Pathol., 32: 143-151.
    4. Boonyaratapalin, S. (1989). Bacterial pathogens involved in the epizootic ulcerative syndrome offish in Southeast Asia. Environ. Sci., 1: 272–276.
    5. Chowdhury, M.B.R. (1998). Involvement of aeromonads and pseudomonads in disease of farmed fish in Bangladesh. Fish Pathology, 33: 247-254.
    6. Dey R. K. (1989). Pathological changes associated with EUS. Summer Institute Fish Disease and Health Management in Freshwater Aquaculture Systems, June 5-24, CIFA, Bhubaneshwar.
    7. Fliermans, C.B., Gordon, R.W., Hazen, T.C. and Esch G.W. (1977). Aeromonas distribution and survival in a thermally Altered lake. Applic. Environ. Microbiol., 33: 114–127.
    8. Kirk, W.L. (1974). The effects of hypoxia on certain blood and tissue electrolytes of channel catfish, (Ictalurus punctatus) (Rafinesque). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 103: 593–600.
    9. Krieg, N.R. and Holt, J.G. (1984). Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 9th Ed. Vol. 1, Williams and Wilkins Baltimore, London 24-26 pp.
    10. Kumar, D. (1989). Ulcerative syndrome outbreak in India. Summer institute on fish disease diagnosis and health management in freshwater aquaculture system. June 5-24.
    11. Kumar, D., Farkas, J. and Sinha V.R.P. (1986). Bacteria from diseased fresh water fish from India. Aquacult. 5: 113-118.
    12. Lilley, J.H. (1992). Assaying pond water for spores of saprolegniaceous fungi. Proceedings of the Seminar on Fisheries, (SF’92),. National Inland Fisheries Institute, Bangkhen, pp. 79-82
    13. Lilley, J.H., Philips, J.H. and Tonguthai, K. (1992). A Review of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) in Asia. Aquatic Animal Health Research Institute and Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 73.
    14. Lilley, J.H., Thompson, K.D. and Adams, S. (1997). Characterisation of Aphanomyces invadans by electrophoretic and Western Blot analysis. Dis. Aquatic Organisms, 30: 187-197.
    15. Lio-Po, G.D., Albright, L.J. and Leano, E.M. (1998). Experiments on virulence dose and portals of entry for Aeromonas hydrophila in walking catfish. J. Aquacult. Anim. Health, 8: 340– 343.
    16. Mukherjee, S. C., Chandra, S. and Nayak, K. (1991). Studies on biochemical differences among isolates of Aeromaonas hydrophila obtained from ulcerative disease affected fishes. Proceedings of the National Freashwater Aquaculture,. (NFA’91). C.I.F.A. Bhubaneswar,. pp. 186-188.
    17. OIE (2006). Diagnostic Manual for Aquatic Animal Diseases. 4th edn. OIE, Paris, France.
    18. Pathiratne, A. and Rajapakshe, W. (1998). Hematological changes associated with epizootic ulcerative syndrome in the Asian cichlid fish (Etroplus suratensis). Asian Fish. Sci., 11: 203– 211.
    19. Sarker, M.G.A., Sarker, A. and Chowdhury, M.B.R. (1999). Occurrence of aeromonad pathogens in carp fingerling at Mymensigh region of Bangladesh.. Bangladesh J. Fish., 22, pp. 7 -12.
    20. Shamsudin, M.N. (1986). Bacteriological Examination of Fingerlings of Big Head Carp (Arictichthys nobiles) and Grass Carp (CItenopharygodon idella) Imported in Malaysia. Asian Fish. Sco., Manila, Philippines, pp. 235-240.
    21. Tonguthai, K. (1985). A Preliminary Account of Ulcerative Disease in the Indo-Pacific Region (A Comprehensive Study Based on Thai Experiences). National Inland Fisheries Institute, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 39.
    22. Torres, J.L. (1990). Studies on motile Aeromonas sp. associated with healthy and epizootic ulcerative syndrome-positive fish. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pertannain, Malaysia.
    23. Torres, J.L., Tajima, K. and Shariff, M. (1993). Numerical taxonomy and virulence screening of Aeromonas spp. isolated from healthy and epizootic ulcerative syndrome-positive fishes. Asian Fish. Sci., 6, pp. 11–16.
    24. Wedemeyer, G. (1970). The role of stress in disease resistance of fishes. Am. Fish. Soc., 5:30 -35.
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