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volume 44 issue 4 (december 2010) : 241 - 247

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN RABIES CASES IN KOLKATA WITH ITS APPLICATION TO POST PROPHYLAXIS

A
Arvind Kumar*
D
D. Pal
1All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata – 700 001, India.

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Kumar* Arvind, Pal D. (2025). EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN RABIES CASES IN KOLKATA WITH ITS APPLICATION TO POST PROPHYLAXIS. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 44(4): 241 - 247. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Rabies is a disease which is almost 100% fatal. This epidemiological surveillance study of rabies
is conducted to know the true figure of rabies fatality and its distribution in Kolkata. 65478 dog bite
cases and 156 human rabies cases were investigated. All 156 human rabies cases admitted to hospital
died. Adolescent males suffered most. Semi-urban, farmers and illiterates were most vulnerable.
Amongst various animal bites, dog is the main culprit. Class III bite and bite at lower limb were the
most effected. Incubation period of ninety days were most common. Hydrophobia and aerophobia
were found to be pathognomonic signs for rabies. 4.48 % of rabies cases died of neuroparalysis due
to nerve tissues vaccine complication

REFERENCES

  1. Bhargava, A., Deshmukh,R. and Ghosh, T.K.(2003). Profile and Characteristic of Animal bite in India. J. Assoc.
  2. Physicians India. 44(1): 37-8.
  3. Chowdhury, J.R. and Modak, K.K. (1981). Report on rabies in West Bengal. Journal of the Indian Medical
  4. Association. 81: 69-74.
  5. Vol. 44, No. 4, 2010 247
  6. Debbie, J.G. (1988). Rabies.World Health Forum .9(4): 536.
  7. Dutta, J.K. (1996) . Human rabies in India - epidemiological features, management and current methods of prevention.
  8. J. Assoc. Physician India. 44: 37-8.
  9. Ghosh, A. (2000). Study of dog bite rabies cases at Communicable Disease Center (CDC) B.R. Ambedkar hospital,
  10. Agartala, Tripura during 1995 to 2000. APRICON 2004. 6th National Conference on Rabies: 42-47.
  11. Goswami, A., Dutta, A.K., Bompart, F. and Wood, S.C.(1999). Safety of equine rabies immunoglobulin in 1971
  12. patients treated for category III animals bites in India. Indian J Clin Practice.10(5): 71-74.
  13. Hemachudha, T. (1988). Immunologic studies of patients with chronic encephalitis induced by post-exposure Semple
  14. rabies vaccine. Neurology. 38:42-44.
  15. Lakhanpal, U. and Sharma, R.C. (1985). An epidemiological study of human rabies cases. J. Epidemiol.14: 614-16.
  16. Mahendra, B.J. (2003). Clinico - epidemiological study of human rabies cases at epidemic disease hospital, Bangalore.
  17. J. Trop. Doct. 29(4):196-201.
  18. Mahendra, B.J., Sudarshan, M.K. and Madhusudana, S.N.(1999). Post exposure prophylaxis with purified vero cell
  19. rabies vaccine during pregnancy-safety and immunogenicity. J Commun Dis. 31: 229-36.
  20. Murray, C.J.L. (1994). Quantifying the burden of disease: the technical basis for disability-adjusted life years. Bulletin
  21. of the World Health Organization.72:429-45.
  22. Roth, F., Zinsstag. J., Orkhon, D., Chimed-Ochir, G., Hutton, G.and Cosivi,O. (2003). Human health
  23. benefits from livestock vaccination for brucellosis: a case study. Bulletin of the World Health
  24. Organization.81: 867-76.
  25. Roy, A.(2004).Lethal silver haired bat rabies virus infection can be prevented by opening the blood –brain barrier.
  26. J. Virol. 81(15): 7993-8.
  27. Ruprachet, A. (1991). Epidemiology of rabies in human beings. J. Wildl. Dis. 27: 337-39.
  28. Sudarshan, K.,Hooper, D.C and Malhotra, S. (1995).Advances in Neural Sciences. ISBN: 1928-1-55938-625-8.
  29. Sudarshan, M.K.(1995).Infection of rabies in women and their infants. Clin Inf Dis. 20 (4): 818-821.
  30. Tripathi, K.K. and Madhusudana, S.N. (1989). Safety of equine rabies immune globulin. Vaccine. 7: 372-373.
  31. Veeraraghavan, N. (1970). Annual report. Director, Pasteur Institute of Southern India. Coonoor, Madras. Diocesan
  32. Press. pp : 35-42.
  33. World Health Organization. (1996) World Survey of Rabies No. 32 for the year 1996. Geneva:WHO document EMC/
  34. ZDI/98.4.
  35. Zaheer, Md., Zaidi, S.A.H. and Sinha, S.N. (1970). A clinico- epidemiological study of animal bites with reference to
  36. rabies. Indian. J. Pub. Hlth. 14: 122-128
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    volume 44 issue 4 (december 2010) : 241 - 247

    EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN RABIES CASES IN KOLKATA WITH ITS APPLICATION TO POST PROPHYLAXIS

    A
    Arvind Kumar*
    D
    D. Pal
    1All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata – 700 001, India.

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- Kumar* Arvind, Pal D. (2025). EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN RABIES CASES IN KOLKATA WITH ITS APPLICATION TO POST PROPHYLAXIS. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 44(4): 241 - 247. doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    Rabies is a disease which is almost 100% fatal. This epidemiological surveillance study of rabies
    is conducted to know the true figure of rabies fatality and its distribution in Kolkata. 65478 dog bite
    cases and 156 human rabies cases were investigated. All 156 human rabies cases admitted to hospital
    died. Adolescent males suffered most. Semi-urban, farmers and illiterates were most vulnerable.
    Amongst various animal bites, dog is the main culprit. Class III bite and bite at lower limb were the
    most effected. Incubation period of ninety days were most common. Hydrophobia and aerophobia
    were found to be pathognomonic signs for rabies. 4.48 % of rabies cases died of neuroparalysis due
    to nerve tissues vaccine complication

    REFERENCES

    1. Bhargava, A., Deshmukh,R. and Ghosh, T.K.(2003). Profile and Characteristic of Animal bite in India. J. Assoc.
    2. Physicians India. 44(1): 37-8.
    3. Chowdhury, J.R. and Modak, K.K. (1981). Report on rabies in West Bengal. Journal of the Indian Medical
    4. Association. 81: 69-74.
    5. Vol. 44, No. 4, 2010 247
    6. Debbie, J.G. (1988). Rabies.World Health Forum .9(4): 536.
    7. Dutta, J.K. (1996) . Human rabies in India - epidemiological features, management and current methods of prevention.
    8. J. Assoc. Physician India. 44: 37-8.
    9. Ghosh, A. (2000). Study of dog bite rabies cases at Communicable Disease Center (CDC) B.R. Ambedkar hospital,
    10. Agartala, Tripura during 1995 to 2000. APRICON 2004. 6th National Conference on Rabies: 42-47.
    11. Goswami, A., Dutta, A.K., Bompart, F. and Wood, S.C.(1999). Safety of equine rabies immunoglobulin in 1971
    12. patients treated for category III animals bites in India. Indian J Clin Practice.10(5): 71-74.
    13. Hemachudha, T. (1988). Immunologic studies of patients with chronic encephalitis induced by post-exposure Semple
    14. rabies vaccine. Neurology. 38:42-44.
    15. Lakhanpal, U. and Sharma, R.C. (1985). An epidemiological study of human rabies cases. J. Epidemiol.14: 614-16.
    16. Mahendra, B.J. (2003). Clinico - epidemiological study of human rabies cases at epidemic disease hospital, Bangalore.
    17. J. Trop. Doct. 29(4):196-201.
    18. Mahendra, B.J., Sudarshan, M.K. and Madhusudana, S.N.(1999). Post exposure prophylaxis with purified vero cell
    19. rabies vaccine during pregnancy-safety and immunogenicity. J Commun Dis. 31: 229-36.
    20. Murray, C.J.L. (1994). Quantifying the burden of disease: the technical basis for disability-adjusted life years. Bulletin
    21. of the World Health Organization.72:429-45.
    22. Roth, F., Zinsstag. J., Orkhon, D., Chimed-Ochir, G., Hutton, G.and Cosivi,O. (2003). Human health
    23. benefits from livestock vaccination for brucellosis: a case study. Bulletin of the World Health
    24. Organization.81: 867-76.
    25. Roy, A.(2004).Lethal silver haired bat rabies virus infection can be prevented by opening the blood –brain barrier.
    26. J. Virol. 81(15): 7993-8.
    27. Ruprachet, A. (1991). Epidemiology of rabies in human beings. J. Wildl. Dis. 27: 337-39.
    28. Sudarshan, K.,Hooper, D.C and Malhotra, S. (1995).Advances in Neural Sciences. ISBN: 1928-1-55938-625-8.
    29. Sudarshan, M.K.(1995).Infection of rabies in women and their infants. Clin Inf Dis. 20 (4): 818-821.
    30. Tripathi, K.K. and Madhusudana, S.N. (1989). Safety of equine rabies immune globulin. Vaccine. 7: 372-373.
    31. Veeraraghavan, N. (1970). Annual report. Director, Pasteur Institute of Southern India. Coonoor, Madras. Diocesan
    32. Press. pp : 35-42.
    33. World Health Organization. (1996) World Survey of Rabies No. 32 for the year 1996. Geneva:WHO document EMC/
    34. ZDI/98.4.
    35. Zaheer, Md., Zaidi, S.A.H. and Sinha, S.N. (1970). A clinico- epidemiological study of animal bites with reference to
    36. rabies. Indian. J. Pub. Hlth. 14: 122-128
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