Agricultural Science Digest

Weed Flora of Vineyards in Diyarbakır Province, Turkey

DOI: 10.18805/ag.D-259    | Article Id: D-259 | Page : 335-342
Citation :- Weed Flora of Vineyards in Diyarbakır Province, Turkey.Agricultural Science Digest.2020.(40):335-342
Esmanur Pekcan Kaçar, Cumali Özaslan cumaliz@yahoo.com
Address : Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
Submitted Date : 9-04-2020
Accepted Date : 9-06-2020
First Online:

Abstract

Background: Viticulture occupies an important place in agricultural production of Diyarbakır province, Turkey. However, weeds significantly impair the productivity of vineyards in the province. The knowledge of weed flora of a particular region is crucial to develop region-specific weed management strategies. 
Methods: This study was carried out to determine the weed species, their densities and frequency of occurrence in 78 vineyards of 13 districts in Diyarbakır province. Exploratory surveys were conducted to record the occurrence, density and coverage area of weed species. A 1×1 m quadrate was used, which was randomly placed in vineyards and weed species falling within the quadrate were noted.
Result: A total 165 weed species and 128 taxa belonging to 35 botanical families (1 parasitic, 16 monocotyledons and 18 dicotyledons) were identified from the surveyed area. The weed species’ density over the whole province was 91 weeds m-2. Avena sterilis L. was the most widespread weed with the highest density (9.93 plants m-2) in the surveyed area followed by Fumaria asepale Boiss. (7.18), Galium tricornutum (4.85), Ranunculus arvensis (3.82), Silene aegyptiaca (3.70), Bromus sterilis (3.64) Lamium purpureum (3.58), Hordeum spontaneum (3.35), Anthemis sp. (3.07), Crepis alpina (2.94), Thlaspi perfoliatum (2.91), Alopecurus myosuroides (2.81), Bongardia chrysogonum (2.80), Scandix pecten-veneris (2.24), Cynodon dactylon (1.71), Hypecoum procumbens (1.69), Lolium perenne (1.41), Sorghum halepense (1.33), Sinapis arvensis (1.24), Buglossoides arvense (1.22), Daucus carota (1.21), Trifolium nigrescens (1.21), Vicia hybrida (1.05), Senecio vernalis (1.04) and Ornithogalum narbonense (1.02). The most prevalent weed were L. purpureum (66.68%), Papaver sp. (66.49%), S. vernalis (65.82%), Anthemis sp. (65.10%), A. sterilis (63.07%), R. arvensis (60.44%), Convolvulus arvensis (56.76%), Carduus pycnocephalus (55.79%), G. tricornutum (55.43%), Fumaria asepale (55.05%), Crepis alpina (54.08%), Thlaspi perfoliatum (51.95%) and S. arvensis (51.04%). 

Keywords

Density Diyarbakır Prevalence Vineyards Weed flora.

References

  1. Aðaoðlu, Y.S. (1999). Bilimsel ve Uygulamalý Baðcýlýk Cilt I: Asma Biyolojisi. Kavaklýdere Eðitim Yayýnlarý No: 1, 205 s., Ankara.
  2. Aðaoðlu, Y.S. (2002). Bilimsel ve Uygulamalý Baðcýlýk Cilt II. Asma Fizyolojisi. Kavaklýdere Eðitim Yayýnlarý No:5, 445 s., Ankara.
  3. Anonymous, (2014). Türkiye’de Baðcýlýk. http://www.dunyagida. com.tr/haber.ph p?nid=2260 Update: 25.07.2017.
  4. Belnap, J., Stark, J.M., Rau, B.M., Allen, E.B. and Phillips, S. (2016). Soil moisture and biogeochemical factors influence the distribution of annual Bromus species, In: Exotic Brome- Grasses in Arid and Semiarid Ecosystems of the Western US. [Germino, M.J., Chambers, J.C. and Brown, C.S. (eds.)], Springer International Publishing, pp. 227–256.
  5. Bora, T. and Karaca, I. (1970). Kültür Bitkilerinde Hastalýðýn ve Zararýn Ölçülmesi, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yardýmcý Ders Kitabý, 167-43, Ýzmir.
  6. Çelik, H. (2013). Türkiye Baðcýlýðýnda Üretim Hedefleri, Vizyon 2023 Baðcýlýk Çalýþtayý, 40s, Tekirdað Baðcýlýk Araþtýrma Ýstasyonu, 26-27 Haziran 2013, Tekirdað, Türkiye.
  7. Çelik, H., Aðaoðlu, Y.S., Fidan, Y., Marasalý, B. and Söylemezoðlu, G. (1998). Genel Baðcýlýk, Sunfidan A.S. Mesleki Kitaplar Serisi.
  8. Çýnar, A. and Uygun, N. (1987). Bitki Koruma. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Ders Kitabý, No: 32, 285s, Adana.
  9. Davis, P.H. (1965-1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Island, Edinburg University Pres, Edinburg (Vol, 1-10).
  10. Düzenli, A., Türkmen, N., Uygur, F.N., Uygur, S. and Boz, Ö. (1993). Important weeds of Aegean region and their botanical features. Türkiye 1. Herboloji Kongresi, 3-5 Adana, Turkey. (In Turkish)
  11. Ergenoðlu, F. and Tangolar, S. (2000). Baðcýlýk Ýçin Pratik Bilgiler. TÜBÝTAK, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknik Araþtýrma Kurumu. TARP, Türkiye Tarýmsal Araþtýrma Projesi Yayýnlarý. Adana.
  12. Eroðlu, (2006). Karamanda Nohutlarda Sorun Oluþturan Yabancý Otlar ve Kritik Periyodun Belirlenmesi. SÜ Fen Bilimleri Enst. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. 44 s. Konya.
  13. FAO, (2014). Agricultural Statistics Database. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC (Update: 10.12.2017).
  14. Fried, G., Norton, L.R. and Reboud, X. (2008). Environmental and management factors determining weed species composition and diversity in France. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment. 128(1): 68-76.
  15. Güncan, A. (1982). Erzurum Yöresinde Buðday Ürününe Karýþan Bazý Yabancý Ottohumlarýnýn Çimlenme Biyolojisi Üzerinde Araþtýrmalar. A.Ü, Ziraat Fakültesi Yayýnlarý. No: 270, Erzurum.
  16. James J.J., Caird M.A., Drenovsky R.E. and Sheley R.L. (2006). Influence of resource pulses and perennial neighbors on the establishment of an invasive annual grass in the Mojave Desert. 67(3): 528–534.
  17. Kaçan, K. (2014). Ege bölgesi geleneksel ve organik bað alanlarýnda bulunan yabancý otlarýn belirlenmesi ile alternatif mücadele yöntemlerinin araþtýrýlmasý, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi, Aydýn.
  18. Karataº, D., Karataº, H. and Özdemir, G. (2015). Diyarbakýr Ýli Baðcýlýðýnýn Durum Analizi. Dicle Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü. ISBN: 978-975-7635-    58-1.
  19. Korres, N.E., Norsworthy, J.K., Bagavathiannan, M.V. and Mauro- -moustakos, A. (2015a). Distribution of arable weed populations along eastern Arkansas Mississippi Delta roadsides: occurrence, distribution and favored growth habitats. Weed Technology. 29(3): 587–595.
  20. Korres, N.E., Norsworthy, J.K., Bagavathiannan, M.V. and Mauro- -moustakos, A. (2015b). Distribution of arable weed populations along eastern Arkansas-Mississippi Delta roadsides: factors affecting weed occurrence. Weed Technology. 29(3): 596–604.
  21. Odum, E.P. (1971). Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, London, Toronyo.
  22. Önen, H. (2015). Türkiye Ýstilaci Bitkiler Kataloðu. T.C. Gida, Tarim ve Hayvancilik Bakanliði Tarýmsal Araþtýrmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüðü Bitki Saðlýðý Araþtýrmalarý Daire Baþkanlýðý; Ankara. ISBN: 978-605-9175-05-0.
  23. Onen, H., Ito, M. and Imaizumi, T. (2006). Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense L.) plants emerged at different times after corn (Zea mays L.) planting. Weed Biology and Management. 6: 55-58.
  24. Önen, H. (2006). The influence of temperature and light on seed germination of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.). J. Plant Diseases and Protection-Sonderheft XX, 393-399.
  25. Önen, H. (2020). Endüstriyel Kenevirde Hastalýk, Zararlý ve Yabancý Ot Mücadelesi. Harf Yayýnlarý, Büyük Reþitpaþa Cad. Yümni Ýþmerkezi No: 22/2, Fatih/ Ýstanbul. ISBN 978-975-8738-45-8 
  26. Önen, H., Akdeniz, M., Farooq, S., Hussain, M. and Ozaslan, C. (2018). Weed flora of citrus orchards and factors affecting its distribution in western Mediterranean region of Turkey. Planta Daninha, 36.
  27. Önen, H. and Özer, Z. (2001). Tarla Ýçerisinde Yabancý Otlarýn Daðýlýmlarý Arasýndaki Farklýlýklarýn Haritalanarak Belirlenmesi. Türkiye Herboloji Dergisi, Cilt 4, Sayý 2, 74-83.
  28. Oraman, M.N. (1972). Baðcýlýk Tekniði 1. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayýnlarý, No: 415, Ankara.
  29. Otto, S., Zuin, M.C., Chiste, G. and Zanin, G. (2007). A modelling approach using seedbank and soil properties to predict the relative weed density in organic fields of an Italian pre alpine valley. Weed Research. 47(4): 311–326.
  30. Özaslan, C. (2011). Diyarbakýr Ýli Buðday ve Pamuk Ekim Alanlarýnda Sorun Olan YabancýOtlar Ýle Üzerindeki Fungal Etmenlerin Tespiti ve Bio-Etkinlik Potansiyellerinin Araþtýrýlmasý. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalý. Doktora Tezi, Konya
  31. Özaslan, C., Önen, H., Farooq, S., Gunal, H. and Akyol, N. (2016). Common ragweed: An emerging threat for sunflower production and human health in Turkey. Weed Biology and Management 16(1): 42-55. 
  32. Özcan, S, Aslan, K., Çoban, N. and Önen, H. (2014). Effects of Different Training Systems on the Weed Growth in the Cultivation of Grapes. International Mesopotamia Agriculture Congress, 22-25 September 2014, Diyarbakýr - Turkey. 
  33. Özcan, S. (2016). Antepfýstýðý ve bað alanlarýnda sorun olan yabancý otlar ve alternatif mücadele yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi. Gaziosmanpaºa Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tokat.
  34. Özer, Z., Önen, H., Tursun, N. and Uygur, F.N. (1999). Türkiye’nin Bazý Önemli Yabancý Otlarý (Tanýmlarý ve Kimyasal Savaþýmlarý). Gaziosmanpaþa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayýnlarý, No: 38, Kitap seri No: 16, ISBN: 975-7328-24-3.
  35. Özer, Z., Kadýoðlu, Ý., Önen, H. and Tursun, N. (2001). Herboloji (Yabancý Ot Bilimi) Gaziosmanpaþa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayýnlarý, No: 20 Kitap seri No:10 Tokat.
  36. Pinke, G., Pál, R. and Botta–Dukát, Z. (2010). Effects of environmental factors on weed species composition of cereal and stubble fields in western Hungary. Central European Journal of Biology. 5(2): 283-292.
  37. Rankins, A.Jr., J.D. Byrd, Jr., Mask, D.B., Barnett, J.W. and Gerard, P.D. (2005). Survey of soybean weeds in Mississippi. Weed Technology. 19: 492–498.
  38. Sans, F.X. and Masalles R.M. 1995. Phenological patterns in an arable land weed community related to disturbance. Weed Res. 35: 321–332.
  39. Sönmez, S. (1976). Bolu ilinde Patateslerde Yabancý Ot Rekabeti ve Savaþý üzerine araþtýrmalar.
  40. Tanaka, S., Miura, R. and Tominaga, T. (2010). Small scale heterogeneity in the soil environment influences the distribution of lawn grass and weeds. Weed Biology and Management. 10(4): 209–218.
  41. Tepe, I., Deveci, M. and Keskin, B. (1997). Investigations on parasitization and damage levels of dodder (Cuscuta approximata Bab.) on some alfalfa varieties. In: Proceedings of Turkey II. Herbology Congress, pp. 355-360 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
  42. Topçu Altýncý, N., Cangi, R. and Önen, H. (2017). Tokat Ýli Baðcýlýk Yapýsý ve Yabancý Otlarla Mücadelede Üretici Davranýþlarýnýn Belirlenmesi (Determination of Viticulture Structure and Grower Behaviours at Weeds Management of Tokat Province). Turkish Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology. 1(1): 17-24. 
  43. Topçu, N. (2011). Tokat Ýli baðlarýnda ekolojik koþullara baðlý olarak yabancý otlarýn daðýlýmý. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Gaziosmanpaþa Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tokat.
  44. TÜÝK, Seçilmiþ Göstergelerle Diyarbakýr, (2016). http://www.tuik.gov.tr/ilGostergeleri/iller/DIYARBAKIR.pdf, Eriºim Tarihi: 15.09.2017.
  45. Udoh, B.T., Ogunkunle, A.O. and Ndaeyo, N.U. (2007). Influence of soil series and physico–chemical properties on weed flora distribution at moor plantation Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Social Sciences. 3(2): 55–58.
  46. Uygur, F.N. (1991). Herboloji Araþtýrma Yöntemleri. Ç. Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Yardýmcý Ders Notu, Adana.
  47. Uygur, F.N., Koch, W. and Walter, H. (1984). Yabancý Ot Bilimine Giriþ. PLITS, 1984/2(1), Verlog J. Margraf, Stuttgart, Germany, 114s.
  48. Uzun, Ý. (2004). Baðcýlýk El Kitabý. Hasad Yayýncýlýk.
  49. Yeðen, O. (1984). Yabancý Otlar ve Mücadelesi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yayýnlarý, 146s. Ankara. 

Global Footprints