Agriculture in Fujairah carries a unique character shaped by its mountainous terrain, cooler microclimates, and fertile valleys. At Wadi Dafta Plantation, located in one of the most biologically rich areas of the eastern region, my work centers on studying plant performance under these natural mountain conditions&mdash;then transferring this knowledge to farmers across the UAE, including those cultivating in desert regions. 
 
Over the years, I have focused on experimenting with rare and high-value crops such as cacao, longan, noni, amla, and select mango varieties. Fujairah&rsquo;s unique climate offers an ideal environment for early-stage trials, allowing us to understand growth patterns, stress responses, and soil&ndash;water relationships before these trees are distributed to farmers in harsher desert environments. 
@figure1 
Our plantation functions as both a research hub and a nursery. We grow, evaluate, and then supply thousands of seedlings to farms in the interior sandy regions, advising growers on irrigation, soil improvement, shading techniques, and organic amendments. This has resulted in successful desert cultivation of crops previously believed to be impossible in such climates. 
 
Sustainability remains at the heart of our work. We prioritize solar energy, biological fertilizers, and soil enhancers that improve water retention&mdash;critical for desert farmers facing evaporative stress and salinity challenges. Many of our findings are shared through workshops, field visits, and community training sessions that bring together farmers, youth groups, and agricultural enthusiasts. 
 
My journey demonstrates how mountain-based agricultural research in Fujairah can directly strengthen national food security by enabling successful desert farming across the UAE. Through platforms like GARCX, I hope to inspire researchers to explore climate-adaptive solutions that harness local microclimates while supporting innovation in arid-zone agriculture. 
@figure2 
Ahmed Ali Obaid Alhefeiti 
Founder, Wadi Dafta Plantation 
UAE

From Mountain Farming to Desert Success: My Research Journey at Wadi Dafta Plantation

Introduction 
During the earlier part of my research career, Sourabh worked on topics related to infectious diseases, such as bacterial mastitis and theileriosis (Panigrahi et al. 2016; Sulabh et al. 2016; Kumar et al. 2017; Sulabh et al. 2019a; Sulabh et al. 2019b; Sulabh et al. 2022). Later, along with my PG students Keya Mahanta and Bushra Jabeen, I also published reviews on two important topics on animal diseases (Mahanta et al. 2024; Mahanta et al. 2025). 
 
External Parasites Collection and Identification 
In 2020, I planned research work for my Ph.D. scholar, M. Rafiqul Amin. Sourabh wanted to investigate the presence of ticks, a widespread external parasite found in cattle populations throughout West Bengal. However, when we started collecting samples from ten districts of West Bengal, including the district of Paschim Bardhaman, where our university is located, we were also able to find ticks on buffaloes, goats, and sheep. 
Upon careful examination of the external parts of the domestic animals at the time of sample collection, in addition to ticks, we collected and identified one flea species and two lice species (Amin et al. 2023a; Amin et al. 2023b). Our plan to identify the collected ticks was based on observing species-specific morphological characteristics and using the tick mitochondrial DNA sequence for PCR amplification, sequencing, and analysis of the amplified fragment. 
@figure1&nbsp; 
 
For morphological identification, ticks, lice, and fleas were collected in 70% ethanol, whereas for molecular identification using 16s rRNA and COX1 as mitochondrial DNA markers, ticks were collected in 95% ethanol. The 16s rRNA sequence was identified to be a more efficient mitochondrial DNA marker in comparison to the accuracy of other molecular markers that were reported for the identification of ticks. All DNA sequences that were reported as markers were downloaded from the NCBI website, followed by nucleotide BLAST. MEGA alignment analysis was also performed between and within the tick sequences, and it was found that very high amounts of variation were present between and within the sequences of the tick species. Only the 16s rRNA and COX1 gene sequences showed considerable conservation within the same species. 
 
However, we obtained the best results from PCR amplification and sequencing of the 16s rRNA sequence. For morphological identification, we initially selected only male ticks to better identify the species based on their species-specific morphological characteristics (Amin et al. 2024). The collected female ticks were mostly found in engorged conditions; therefore, it was more challenging to identify different morpho-taxonomic features (Amin et al. 2024). 
 
For the molecular identification of ticks, proper trituration of the exoskeletons of the tick was performed, which was the most crucial step for DNA extraction. This was followed by the extraction of DNA by either the phenol-chloroform isoamyl alcohol method described by Sambrook or by the use of a commercially available kit. The extracted DNA was then amplified. The amplified products were sequenced, and the sequencing results further confirmed our findings for the collected tick species. The obtained sequences were used to construct a phylogenetic tree and identify the closest related tick species. We identified several ticks, such as Hyalomma, Haemaphysalis, and Rhipicephalus, based on morpho-taxonomic keys using a stereo-microscope and molecular identification procedures. 
 
Later on, we also collected and morphologically identified fleas such as Ctenocephalides felis orientis from the body parts of young goats and two species of lice, Haematopinus quadripertusus and Haematopinus tuberculatus, in cattle and buffalo, respectively, from different districts of West Bengal (Amin et al. 2023a; Amin et al. 2023b). 
 
Plans 
We are currently working on whole genome sequencing (WGS) of an important tick species so that we can focus on the important functional genes of these tick species and identify any alterations from other related species, such as arachnids. The work on WGS of tick species will also help in the identification of specific variations, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and Copy Number Variations (CNVs) between different tick species. The focus of our SNP and CNV comparative study using WGS is to target the most closely related tick species to try to understand the variations that might help different tick species adapt to different climatic conditions and show a wide variety of drug resistance. 
 
References 
 
Amin M, Rafiqul, Ranjita Chatterjee, and Sourabh Sulabh. &ldquo;A report on the infestation of Ctenocephalides felis orientis in goats of West Bengal, India.&rdquo; International Journal of Zoological Investigations 9(1) (2023a): 515-519.&nbsp; 
 
Amin, M. Rafiqul, and Sourabh Sulabh. &quot;Identification of prevalent tick species in the goat population of West Bengal state of India.&quot; Small Ruminant Research (2025): 107526. 
 
Amin, M. Rafiqul, Ranjita Chatterjee, and Sourabh Sulabh. &quot;Prevalence of Haematopinus quadripertusus and Haematopinus tuberculatus in cattle and buffalo of West Bengal, India.&quot; (2023b): 38-44. 
 
Kumar, Amod, et al. &quot;Global gene expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells challenged with Theileria annulata in crossbred and indigenous cattle.&quot; Infection, Genetics and Evolution 47 (2017): 9-18. 
 
Mahanta, Keya, and Sourabh Sulabh. &quot;Zoonotic spillovers: How climate change, habitat destruction, and bushmeat trade might amplify bat-driven viral disease risks.&quot; European Journal of Wildlife Research 71.4 (2025): 1-20. 
 
Mahanta, Keya, et al. &quot;Navigating the threat of African swine fever: a comprehensive review.&quot; Tropical Animal Health and Production 56.8 (2024): 278. 
 
Panigrahi, Manjit, et al. &quot;No change in mRNA expression of immune-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells challenged with Theileria annulata in Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).&quot; Ticks and tick-borne diseases 7.5 (2016): 754-758. 
 
Sulabh, Sourabh, et al. &quot;Differential cytokine response of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in crossbred cattle, Tharparkar cattle and Murrah buffalo-an in vitro study.&quot; Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 17.1 (2019a): e0501-e0501. 
 
Sulabh, Sourabh, et al. &quot;Differential response of immune-related genes to peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid challenge in vitro.&quot; Veterinary World 9.9 (2016): 983. 
 
Sulabh, Sourabh, et al. &quot;In-vitro analysis of Interleukin-10 expression in cell cultures of Crossbred cattle, Tharparkar cattle and Murrah buffalo in response to mastitis causing antigens derived from Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.&quot; Biological Rhythm Research 53.2 (2022): 197-206. 
 
Sulabh, Sourabh, et al. &quot;Peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid induces differential mRNA response of immune-related genes in PBMC of crossbred, Tharparkar cattle and Murrah buffalo.&quot; Animal Biotechnology 30.2 (2019b): 166-174.

Figure1: Collection of ticks from West Bengal, India. M. Rafiqul Amin (on the left), seen here with two local pranibandhu at the time of tick collection from different parts of the animal body.

Researcher Story


Sourabh Sulabh


Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University

With work on Response to &ldquo;Selection for Dormancy in the Segregating Generations of Groundnut&rdquo; at Masters research and &ldquo;Genetic Analyses of Multiple Stress Resistance in relation to Adaptation in Groundnut&rdquo; at Doctoral research instilled in me the research interest to work on biotic and abiotic stress resistance.&nbsp; During working in the position of Research Associate at UAS, Dharwad, my research guide gave credit in the groundnut germplasm registration with NBPBR which is known for foliar disease resistance and was used as donor all over India for incorporation of foliar disease resistance in groundnut besides work on genomic selection. Furthermore, a groundnut variety (GPBD 4) is released during 2006 for cultivation in Southern Zone of India is still in the seed production chain of groundnut.&nbsp; An estimated economic benefit of INR 17.60 billion was derived from GPBD 4 for the period spanning from 2006 to 2022 as per the research paper &ldquo;The scientific and economic impact of the foliar disease-resistant peanut variety GPBD 4&rdquo; published in the journal of Australian Plant Pathology. 
 
While working in company I concentrated in breeding for YMV resistance in Okra hybrids. Upon joining to the University of Agricultural Sciences, I concentrated working on biotic and abiotic stress resistance in Groundnut, Maize and Soybean. In groundnut, the work on phenotyping of germplasm, segregating material and recombinant inbred population on calcium induced iron chlorosis resulted in identification of efficient groundnut lines and also identification of major quantitative train loci (QTL) associated with iron chlorosis resistance. Besides the inheritance study indicated duplicate dominant genes wherein, the presence of a dominant allele at either of the loci results in iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) resistance, while duplicate recessive results in IDC susceptibility. 
 
The study on drought tolerance in groundnut has resulted in the release of groundnut variety Dh 256 for the Southern Zone of India. In an effort to study resistance to an important defoliating insect pest of groundnut, Spodoptera litura, in a large number of groundnut genotypes (546), only 29 genotypes belonging to hypogaea, fastigiata and hirsuta botanical varieties under mini core set, 15 transgressive sergeants belonging to fastigiata botanical variety among 318 recombinant inbred lines and three genotypes belonging to hypogaea and fastigiata botanical varieties under elite genotypes showed resistance to Spodoptera litura with less than 10% leaf damage which can be a boon to groundnut breeders working on insect resistance. Further the assessment of groundnut mini core to multiple biotic stresses under hot spot location lead to identification of a potential germplasm ICG 2381 for resistance to late leaf spot, rust and defoliating insect pest, Spodoptera litura. In the pre-breeding front, two groundnut lines ICGIL 17101 and ICGIL 17124 showed resistance to Aspergillus flavus infection.&nbsp; 
 
In the drought tolerance breeding work on Maize, simulated drought stress unraveled differential response and different mechanisms of drought tolerance in newly developed tropical maize inbreds. One of the line PDM 4641 has high amount of tolerance to mid season drought stress and hence a potential inbred for development of drought tolerant hybrids in Maize. The study on drought tolerance has clearly suggested the maize workers to concentrate on different selection strategies for different situations (normal and water stress). 
 
In Soybean, breeding for Asian Soybean rust resistance, an exotic line EC 242104 has been identified which can be used as donor in the rust resistance breeding program of soybean.&nbsp; In the breeding for Asian Soybean Rust and Yellow Vein Mosaic disease resistance, a genotype DLSb 1 has been identified as resistant to both the biotic stresses employing the shuttle breeding program between two hot spot locations viz., Dharwad in southern India (hot spot for soybean rust) and Ludhiana in northern India (hot spot for Yellow Vein Mosaic disease of soybean). In an effort to identify photoperiod insensitive genotype in soybean an advanced breeding line DSb 33-09 was found to be suitable for growing both under rainy season (the normal season) and summer season (off-season). Presently working on marker aided development of trypsin inhibitor null and lipoxygenase null soybean variety suitable for cultivation in Southern Zone of India. 
 
 
Gopalakrishna Naidu K 
Senior Scientist (Plant Breeding), All India Coordinated Research Project on Soybean, 
University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad &ndash; 580 005, Karnataka 
 
&nbsp;

Biotic and Abiotic Stress Resistance as a means to Enhance Productivity

Onattukara is an agriculturally important tract in the Central Travancore area of Kerala state. This region comprises of Karthikappally and Mavelikkara taluks in Alappuzha district, Karunagappally and parts of Kunnathoor taluks in Kollam district and Pandalam Muncipality in Pathanamthitta district. Onattukara is bounded by Edanad in the East, Arabian sea in the west, Neendakara in the south and Thottapally spillway in the north. This lowland tract lies between 80 55&rsquo; 44&rdquo; to 90 21&rsquo; 09&rdquo; N latitude and 760 23&rsquo; 13&rdquo; to 760 41&rsquo; 16&rdquo; E longitude. 
 
It is a region with humid tropical climate. The weather parameters of the area are given in table 1. The soil type is loamy sand with 83-89% sand, 5% silt and 5.8% clay with a field capacity of 16.05%. The soils contain 0.145% nitrogen, 0.121% phosphorous, 0.0185% potassium, 0.098% calcium and 0.035% magnesium. The soil is porous with low organic matter and nutrients and is acidic in nature. The water holding capacity of this soil is very low. Water logging is a problem during rainy season and the region experiences drought during summer season. 
 
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the ancient and traditional annual oilseed crops cultivated in Onattukara region of Kerala, for its quality medicinal seeds and oil. It is grown in the uplands and the summer rice fallows of Onattukara region. Three species of wild sesame were identified viz. Sesamum malabaricum, Sesamum mulayanum and Sesamum radiatum, distributed all over Onattukara which suggests that this area may be the secondary centre of origin of sesame. 
 
Method of Production 
Sesame is mainly grown as a summer crop after two crops of paddy or as an intercrop in the coconut garden during late kharif season. The farmers are not applying any chemical fertilizers to this crop and the plant is utilizing the residual moisture and nutrients available in the field. As there is no major pest or disease attacking the crop, no plant protection chemicals are used for this crop. Sesame produced in this tract can be considered as semi organic as it utilizes the left over fertilizers of the previous crop. The peculiar agro ecological condition of this tract which includes coastal climate, loamy sand soil, relatively high temperature occurring during the growth stage of the crop etc. may be reason for its superiority. 
 
After the harvest of the previous rice crop, the field is ploughed twice to make a fine tilth. The soil clods are broken using wooden blocks. The stubbles of the previous rice crop are burnt and ash is applied in the field. The seeds are sown and field is ploughed using a wooden harrow to cover the seed in the soil. After 15-20 days first hoeing is done along with application of ash and cowdung. The second hoeing is done 35-40 days after sowing. During severe summer days, ash is broadcasted on the leaves to reduce transpiration loss by closing the stomatal pores. The plant starts flowering within 45 days. Harvesting is done when the capsules turn yellowish brown. The plants are pulled out, the root portions are cut and stacked in bundles for 3-4 days. When the leaves fall off, it is spread in the sun and beaten with sticks to break open the capsules. The seeds collected during the first day are stored for seed purpose. The oil is extracted using the traditional machine known as &lsquo;Chakku&rsquo;. 
 
Uniqueness of the Product 
The major varieties grown in Onattukara region include Ayali (the traditional cultivar) and other varieties released from ORARS Kayamkulam for cultivation in Onattukara region namely Kayamkulam-1, Thilak, Thilathara and Thilarani.&nbsp; The major morphological and biochemical parameters of Onattukara sesame is presented in Table 2. 
 
Onattukara sesame oil is preferred by many for making Ayurvedic preparations as it is believed to have high medicinal properties. Sesame oil is a rich source of antioxidants and flavonoids. The antioxidant property of the Onattukara sesame were found to be profoundly high as compared to that of sesame from other regions. 
 
The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) refers to the concentration of a drug, antibody or toxicant which induces a response halfway between the baseline and maximum after a specified exposure time. It is commonly used as a measure of a drug&rsquo;s potency. It represents the concentration of a compound where 50% of its maximal effect is observed. The lower the EC50, the less the concentration of a drug is required to produce 50% of maximum effect and the higher the potency. The effective concentration (EC50) of the Onattukara sesame ranged from 83 to 144, as against 165-172 obtained for others. This indicates that the quantity of Onattukara sesame seeds or oil required to produce the same effect is lesser and it has high potency 
 
Current Scenario of Onattukara Sesame 
A study was conducted during 2023-24 to examine the production costs and efficiency of Onattukara sesame, assess the economics of its marketing, analyse the challenges in sesame production and marketing, and understand farmer&rsquo;s willingness to register as authorized sub-users of GI by Krishna (2025). The main challenges faced by farmers in Onattukara sesame cultivation were weather related issues, low yield, inadequate availability of seeds, shortage of labour, high price of inputs and pest and disease infestation. In marketing, the major challenged were low prices, followed by price fluctuations, higher demand of oil than seed, delayed payments and lack of an institutional market system. 
 
Psychological and behavioural reasons for farmer&rsquo;s willingness to register as authorized GI users were analysed, using PLS-SEM. In the light of above study following recommendations were made such as, increasing seed rate, scaling up of production, publicity of uniqueness of Onattukara sesame, awareness for farmers, branding and improved strategies and value addition. These strategies can significantly enhance profitability of sesame production in Onattukara region 
 
Dr. Lovely B.

<div>Assistant Professor&nbsp;</div>

<div>Dept. of&nbsp; Genetics &amp; Plant Breeding&nbsp;</div>

<div>College of Agriculture, Vellayani</div>

<div>Thiruvananthapuram 695 522&nbsp; 
&nbsp;</div>
 
References

<ul>
	<li>A. Sreedhara Menon, 1975. Gazetteer of India, Kerala, Alleppey. State editor, Kerala Gazetters, Trivandrum. P 172, 175, 185</li>
	<li>Krishna, K.C. 2025. Economics of production and marketing of sesame in Onattukara region of Kerala. MSc (Ag) Thesis. Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur. 154p.</li>
	<li>Sadasyatilaka T.K. Velu Pillai, 1940, The Travancore State Manual, Volume III, Editor-in-charge of State editor, Kerala Gazetteers Department, p 283, 292, 309, 310, 332, 333</li>
	<li>Sadasyatilaka T.K. Velu Pillai, 1940, The Travancore State Manual, Volume I, Editor-in-charge of State editor, Kerala Gazetteers Department, p 200</li>
	<li>Sverup J., Manoj S. Alexander D., Shyam S.K. and K. Rajmohan. 2008. Biodiversity Conservation- Popular lectures. P. 101-104</li>
	<li>V. Nagam Aiya, 1906, The Travancore State Manual, Volume III, Gazetteers Department, Government of Kerala, p 65</li>
</ul>
@table1 
@table2 
@figure1 
@figure2 
@figure3 
 
 
 
 
&nbsp;

Fig 1. Sesame field in Onattukara region, Kerala

Table 1. Weather parameters of the area during the year 2019

Table 2. Major morphological and biochemical parameters of Onattukara Sesame

GI Registration of Onattukara Sesame: Recognizing a Unique Agricultural Heritage

Dr. Amita Beniwal, an emerging scholar in Food Science and Nutrition, as a contributor to ARCC Journals. With a distinguished academic and research career, Dr. Beniwal&#39;s expertise spans functional and nutritional properties of food products, sustainable resource utilization, and protein science. Her groundbreaking doctoral research on the functional and nutritional characterization of mulberry silkworm pupae protein reflects her commitment to advancing sustainable and innovative approaches in food science. 
 
Academic Achievements 
Dr. Beniwal has consistently demonstrated academic excellence:
<ul>
	<li>Gold Medalist during her Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) studies.</li>
	<li>Recipient of the Best M.Sc. Thesis Award (2023) by the Indian Society of Agriculture and Research Empowerment (IASTRE).</li>
	<li>Honored with the Best Student Award (2023) by Sadhana Society, University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, H.P. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
Contributions to Research and Innovation 
Dr. Beniwal has published extensively in peer-reviewed, Scopus journals, contributing 5 Ph.D. papers, 13 M.Sc. papers, and 5 book chapters, showcasing her expertise in developing innovative food products and nutritional evaluation. Highlights include her work on pea shells for value addition, nutrient-enriched food products, and reviews on the potential applications of mulberry silkworm pupae in sustainable food systems. 
 
Recognition and Expertise 
Her work resonates with ARCC&rsquo;s mission to connect science with sustainability, as evidenced by her focus on value-added food innovation and her extensive contributions to enhancing the utility of underutilized food resources. 
 
Research Work:&nbsp;From Hesitation to Breakthrough: My Journey through Science and Sustainability 
 
I was a M.Sc. student when I first ventured into the fascinating, and often daunting, world of research. My focus was to find sustainable ways to utilize byproducts that are often discarded as waste. I began exploring how pea shells, a byproduct of peas, could be transformed into valuable products. It was a task that required patience, persistence, and an unwavering belief in the possibility of change. My research journal became my faithful companion, recording the daily ups and downs, the errors that turned into lessons, and the moments of triumph that made every setback worthwhile 
 
Insects have long been a part of traditional diets in Northeast India, where tribal communities have embraced their nutritional and economic value for generations. With the global rise in interest in edible insects, I realized this was a critical area of research. But stepping into this world required me to overcome not just scientific challenges but deeply ingrained personal discomfort. 
 
&quot;Courage is not the absence of fear but the triumph over it,&quot; Nelson Mandela&rsquo;s words became my mantra during those initial weeks in the lab. Slowly, as I delved into the nutritional richness and sustainability of insect proteins, my fear gave way to curiosity. Each tiny step of progress felt monumental&mdash;learning to handle the insects, preparing the samples, and analyzing the data. 
@figure1 
 
Breaking New Ground: From Insects to Animal Models 
One of the defining moments of my research journey came when I transitioned to working with animal models. The idea of cutting, dissecting, and studying animal organs was intimidating at first. I had watched doctors perform surgeries with skill and precision, and I knew this level of expertise required focus and courage. 
 
&quot;Science demands that you step out of your comfort zone, not once, but repeatedly,&quot; I reminded myself. 
This phase of my journey taught me more than I ever expected&mdash;not just about protein utilization and the intricate workings of the body but also about the emotional resilience required in research. I learned to ask the tough questions: How does food impact growth? What can we learn from organ studies? Each answer led to more questions, and with each challenge I faced, I grew not only as a researcher but also as a person. 
@figure2 
 
My work yielded discoveries that I had not anticipated when I started. The insights from working with insect proteins opened doors to new possibilities in sustainable nutrition. I uncovered unique properties of insect protein that could be utilized to create alternative food products, reducing reliance on conventional protein sources and minimizing environmental impact. 
 
But the greatest breakthrough was personal. I learned to embrace challenges as opportunities, to turn my initial hesitation into a source of strength. My fear of working with insects had transformed into a deep respect for their role in sustainable food systems. My unease with animal studies had become a profound understanding of how food impacts living organisms at every level. 
@figure3 
 
Lessons Learned Along the Way 
 
1. Embrace the Unknown:&nbsp;Growth happens when you step into unfamiliar territory. 
My journey from working with plant-based materials to insect proteins was a leap into the unknown, but it was in this space that I found my greatest breakthroughs. 
 
2. Learn from Every Experience:&nbsp;Research is a constant process of trial and error. Each mistake I made became a stepping stone to deeper understanding. 
 
3. Stay True to Your Purpose:&nbsp;My motivation came from a desire to contribute to sustainable alternatives that benefit both people and the planet. This purpose kept me grounded, even when the work felt overwhelming. 
 
4. Support and Inspire Others:&nbsp;Science is not a solitary pursuit. I learned as much from my mentors, peers, and the communities I studied as I did from my experiments. Sharing my journey has become a way to inspire others to take on challenges with courage and curiosity. 
&nbsp;
<div style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;</div>

<div>Dr.Amita&nbsp;Beniwal</div>

<div>Dept. of Foods and Nutrition</div>

<div>CCS Haryana Agricultural University</div>

Dr. Amita Beniwal



Department of Foods and Nutrition


<div>&nbsp;Introduction:&nbsp;Horticulture is a cornerstone of sustainable agriculture, driving innovations to meet global challenges like food security, climate change, and resource scarcity. My research journey has been dedicated to advancing propagation techniques, improving crop quality, and creating value-added products. 
 
&nbsp;During my Ph.D., I explored the role of zinc applications in enhancing rooting efficiency in guava (Psidium guajava), addressing a critical propagation bottleneck. My M.Sc. research focused on improving the productivity and quality of mango (Mangifera indica&nbsp;cv. Dahari) through micronutrient management, contributing to sustainable practices for one of India&rsquo;s most cherished fruit crops. Additionally, I collaborated on two studies: the development of a date palm and pineapple blended squash and the assessment of brinjal (Solanum melongena) growth using hydrogel and bio stimulants. Together, these studies demonstrate a commitment to integrating innovative horticultural practices with real-world applications. 
&nbsp; 
&nbsp;1.&nbsp;Zinc Application in Guava Rooting 
 
Objective: To investigate the effects of foliar (0.75% Zn/tree) and basal (75 g Zn/tree) zinc applications on rooting efficiency under shade-net conditions. 
 
Experimental-Design: 
The study utilized a&nbsp;Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD)&nbsp;with three replications. Rooting parameters measured included rooting percentage, fresh and dry root weights, and survival rates. 
 
Key Challenges: 
&nbsp;&nbsp; 1. Optimizing zinc concentrations to maximize rooting without inducing toxicity. 
&nbsp; &nbsp;2.&nbsp;Ensuring uniform environmental conditions within shade nets for consistent data. 
&nbsp; &nbsp;3.&nbsp;Collecting precise data on multiple rooting parameters. 
 
 
Findings: 
&nbsp;&nbsp;1.&nbsp;Foliar Application:&nbsp;A 0.75% Zn foliar spray improved rooting percentage by 30%, enhancing early root initiation. 
&nbsp; 2.&nbsp;Basal Application:&nbsp;Zinc application at 75 g/tree increased root biomass by 40% and improved root morphology. 
&nbsp; 3.&nbsp;Root Vigor:&nbsp;Treated cuttings exhibited higher survival rates and better root-to-shoot ratios, ensuring successful transplantation. 
 
Results:&nbsp;Zinc positively influenced auxin metabolism, a critical factor in root initiation and elongation. These findings provide scalable solutions for nurseries, addressing a significant challenge in guava propagation. 
&nbsp; 
&nbsp;2.&nbsp;Micronutrient Management in Mango 
 
Objective:&nbsp;To evaluate the effects of boron, zinc, and iron on the fruit quality and yield of mango (cv. Dashehari) in Rajasthan&rsquo;s semi-arid conditions. 
 
Experimental-Design: 
A randomized block design (RBD) with three replications was employed. Treatments included soil and foliar applications of boron (125 g soil; 0.2% foliar), zinc (125 g soil; 0.4% foliar), and iron (125 g soil; 0.4% foliar). Key parameters measured were yield, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid, and fruit weight. 
 
Key Challenges: 
&nbsp; &nbsp;1.&nbsp;Identifying optimal micronutrient combinations for improving flowering and fruit set. 
&nbsp; &nbsp;2. Overcoming climatic variability affecting mango productivity. 
 
Findings: 
&nbsp; 1.&nbsp;Optimal Treatment:&nbsp;Soil application of boron (125 g) with a 0.2% foliar spray produced the highest fruit yield (78.3 kg/tree) and improved fruit size and sugar content. 
&nbsp;&nbsp;2.&nbsp;Enhanced Quality:&nbsp;Treatments significantly increased TSS (23.4 &deg;Brix) and ascorbic acid content (26.3 mg/100 g pulp). 
&nbsp; 3.&nbsp;Sustainable Impact:&nbsp;Micronutrient treatments reduced post-harvest losses and improved marketability. 
 
Results:&nbsp;This study provides a practical guide for mango farmers, especially in arid regions, to enhance productivity and fruit quality sustainably. 
&nbsp; 
3. Development of Date Palm and Pineapple Blended Squash 
Objective:&nbsp;To formulate a shelf-stable, nutritious squash using date palm and pineapple. 
 
Key Challenges: 
1. Balancing sensory attributes with nutritional retention. 
2.&nbsp;Ensuring product stability over an extended storage period. 
 
Findings: 
&nbsp;1.&nbsp;Nutritional Value:&nbsp;The blend retained high levels of ascorbic acid and antioxidants, offering significant health benefits. 
&nbsp; 2. Shelf Stability:&nbsp;The squash showed minimal changes in sensory and nutritional properties during storage. 
 
Results: This project demonstrates the viability of creating value-added products from underutilized crops, providing new opportunities for farmers and agro-industries. 
&nbsp; 
4. Brinjal Growth with Hydrogel and Bio stimulants 
 
Objective: To assess the combined effects of hydrogel and Arka Vegetable Special bio stimulants on brinjal growth parameters. 
 
Experimental-Design:&nbsp;The study employed a&nbsp;Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD)&nbsp;with 12 treatments and three replications. Parameters measured included plant height, leaf area, pedicle length, and water use efficiency. 
 
Key Challenges: 
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1. Addressing water scarcity through effective hydrogel applications. 
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2. Determining optimal bio stimulant dosages for consistent growth. 
Findings: 
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1. Vegetative Growth:&nbsp;The combination of hydrogel (1.5 kg/acre) and bio stimulant (5 g/L) significantly improved plant height and leaf area. 
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.&nbsp;Water Efficiency:&nbsp;Hydrogel applications reduced irrigation needs by 20%, ensuring sustainable water use. 
@figure1 
Results:&nbsp;This study provides a framework for optimizing vegetable production under water-limited conditions, benefiting farmers facing resource constraints. 
&nbsp; 
Conclusion 
My research spans diverse aspects of horticulture, from improving propagation efficiency in guava to enhancing mango productivity and exploring innovative value-added products. These studies address critical challenges in sustainability, crop quality, and resource optimization, offering practical solutions for farmers, researchers, and the agro-industry. As we continue to face global agricultural challenges, I hope to contribute further to the advancement of horticultural science through collaborative innovation. 
 
Vishal Vijayvargiya 
Ph.D. Researcher in Fruit Science 
Lovely Professional University 
&nbsp;</div>

Vishal Vijayvargiya






From Roots to Fruits: Advancing Horticultural Science Through Zinc Applications, Micronutrients, and Collaborative Research

Pham Thi Phuong Thuy was born in Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam. Position. She is a Lecturer since 2002 to present and Vice Dean of Institute of Environmental Sciences&nbsp;and Technology, Tra Vinh University 
 
Main Research and Findings 
Phosphorus is a non-renewable resource. Symptoms of excess phosphorus on plants are difficult to detect. Phosphorus in soil should be researched to reduce costs for farmers and limit environmental pollution: Maize grown on soil with P availability &gt;15mg P/kg of soil&nbsp;did not grow better in greenhouse and field experiments. It is recommended to reduce the amount of P fertilizer by 50%. 
@figure1 
 
Rice is the main crop of the Mekong Delta.Rice production according to VietGAP and organic standards is necessary to enhance value and protect the environment: Productivity of mineral-organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer is not different with&nbsp; inorganic model. Profit from organic fertilizer model is 18% higher than inorganic&nbsp; model. 
@figure2 
 
Coconut trees adapt well to salinity and are suitable for salt-infested lands. Researching high-yield and high-quality coconut varieties such as embryo-cultured SAP coconut is extremely necessary: There is no difference in fruiting time between embryo SAP coconut and seed-grown; Embryo SAP coconut&nbsp; is 4 times more profitable and&nbsp; has a fruit rate &gt;80% and&nbsp; Its success rate is 63%. A tree from embryo to the day in the field takes 10-13 months. 
@figure3 
 
Future Scientific Research
<ul>
	<li>The responsiveness and factors affecting the efficiency of phosphate fertilizer on crops;</li>
	<li>Nutritional balance and microorganisms in disease management, increase productivity and quality;</li>
	<li>Improving the rice production and quality under VietGAP;</li>
	<li>Improving Sap coconut production by embryo culture and tissue culture</li>
</ul>
 
Pham Thi Phuong Thuy 
Associate Professor Soil Science

Effectiveness of Phosphorus fertilizer on maize in Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Research on Embryo SAP Coconut in Lab and Farm Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam.

Research on Viet GAP Rice Model and Organic Rice-Shrimp Model in Tra Viinh va Ben Tre provinces, Vietnam

Pham Thi Phuong Thuy
Associate Professor Soil Science

Researcher Story- Rice DDGS as a Cost-Effective Protein Source for Ruminants 
 
Starting the Ph.D. Journey: After completing my Ph.D coursework at college of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand, Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat now Kamdhenu University, Gujarat, I had to submit the synopsis for my research work. For choosing a research problem for my Ph.D., my research guide gave me the freedom to select a topic, but he stated that he would finalize it only if he found the topic promising. He added that I should start the research only after his approval. 
 
Exploring Research Topics: I began exploring various topics through national and international journals. I still remember a few topics I suggested to my guide, supported by recent literature reviews: conducting research on animal behavioral aspects, studying the use of limiting amino acids in ruminants for efficient protein utilization under field conditions and comparing vermicompost produced from different livestock species. However, none of these topics impressed my guide. 
 
Finding the researchable Problem: Eventually, I came across the topic of Rice Distillers Dried Grains with Soluble (Rice DDGS). At that time, its cost was ₹23&ndash;27 per kg with protein content of 42&ndash;45%. In comparison, soybean meal (SoyDOC) with similar protein content was priced at ₹35 per kg (Yogi et al., 2017; Dey et al., 2019). We planned to study the performance of Rice DDGS in ruminants. Although this feed is extensively used in poultry diets, its effects on ruminant feeding are less researched. Furthermore, most long-term studies globally focus on maize DDGS rather than rice DDGS. In poultry, Rice DDGS partially replaces soybean meal, but it does not entirely substitute it, as SoyDOC yields better performance. 
 
Laying the Groundwork: Literature Review: Before starting the research, a detailed literature review was essential to identify unexplored areas or new elements to include in the study 
. 
Preparing for the Experiment: After submitting my synopsis and obtaining approval, the primary task was to establish the required facilities, such as selecting the experimental animals, identifying the appropriate shed, procuring feed and other ingredients, arranging blood collection vials, and performing proximate analysis of feed ingredients. I also checked whether all machines were functioning correctly and identified where the concentrate mix would be prepared. These logistical aspects needed to be addressed first. 
@figure1 
 
Challenges in Procuring Resources: Initially, I listed all the cattle at the farm to assess the availability of heifers, grouping them by weight and age. I submitted an indent for the required laboratory consumables. For procuring Rice DDGS, I contacted several suppliers, but many refused because supplying 5&ndash;7 tons for research was not profitable. Eventually, we decided to procure it directly from nearby distilleries using our institute&rsquo;s vehicle. However, just as we finalized the procurement date, the lockdown was imposed. I had to wait two months until the lockdown was lifted. When it reopened, I went with a helper to procure the Rice DDGS. 
 
Staying Back During the Lockdown: During the lockdown, I did not return home, unlike most Ph.D. students in our university. Staying back helped me start my research on time. Before beginning my study, I grouped the animals according to their age and weight. We prepared facilities for individual feeding to ensure each animal received the correct ration per the protocol and to monitor feed wastage. 
 
Conducting the Trial: The important component of my feeding trial of rice DDGS on heifers were involved feed formulation, daily feed offered and leftover data of individual animals, fortnightly body weight measurement and body morphometry and blood collection, which made those days hectic. On blood collection days, after collecting samples, I performed hematological examinations and separated serum for biochemical analysis. I stored the serum in a deep freezer; I planned to conduct the biochemical tests at the end of the study. I kept records meticulously in a notebook, on my computer, and in my guide&#39;s computer to safeguard the data. My guide often said, &quot;What if your data gets lost on the final day?&quot; At the end of my feeding trial, I completed the hormonal and biochemical profiling of over 250 serum samples. I often worked late at night in the physiology laboratory, and I am grateful to my teachers for trusting me to handle the laboratory independently during those hours. The results were the most rewarding part of my research work. 
@figure2 
 
Key Findings of the Study: The collected data were analyzed in the statistical department and yielded promising outcomes. Our findings indicated that feeding Rice DDGS in place of SoyDOC did not alter the normal blood chemistry, suggesting no adverse effects (Pandey et al., 2023b). Additionally, the cost of feeding was significantly reduced (Pandey et al., 2023a). The study demonstrated that replacing SoyDOC with Rice DDGS is both economical and effective in ruminants. 
 
Reflections on the Research Journey: During the research, I frequently visited other divisions to use their facilities when equipment in our laboratory broke down. Research, in my view, is a thrilling journey where the path is known, but the obstacles are unforeseen. I firmly believe that discipline and patience are the most critical attributes for successful research. 
 
Dr Manish Pandey 
Division of Animal Science, Poultry &amp; Fisheries 
ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Dirpai Chapori, Gogamukh, Assam, India, 787035 
 
 
References 
Dey D., Sharma B., Mohammad A., Mandal D. K., Bhakat C., Dutta T. K., Chatterjee A. (2019). Effect of feeding rice distillers dried grain with solubles as major protein source on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of Jersey crossbred calves.&nbsp;Indian Journal of Animal Research, 54: 446-451. 
Pandey, M., Shah, S. V., Wadhwani, K. N., Lunagariya, P. M., Islam, M. M., &amp; Kalola, A. D. (2023a). Economics of Feeding Rice DDGS and Mixture of Wheat Straw and Groundnut Straw to Growing Crossbred Heifers. Indian Journal of Animal Production and Management, 39(2), 123-130. 
Pandey, M., Shah, S. V., Wadhwani, K. N., Lunagariya, P. M., Islam, M. M., &amp; Kalola, A. D. (2023b). Economics of Feeding Rice DDGS and Mixture of Wheat Straw and Groundnut Straw to Growing Crossbred Heifers. Indian Journal of Animal Production and Management, 39(2), 123-130. 
Yogi R. K., Thakur S. S., Mohini M., Singh S. K., Malik, T. (2017). In vitro evaluation of concentrate mixtures containing incremental level of rice dried distillers grain with solubles replacing oil cakes in concentrate mixture. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition. 34: 163-168. 
&nbsp;

Dr. Manish Pandey
Division of Animal Science, Poultry & Fisheries
ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute

Dr. Tassew Mohammed Ali &nbsp;did BSc. degree in Animal Production and Health at Jimma University whereas I got my MSc. and Ph.D. degrees in Animal Genetics and Breeding from Haramaya University, Ethiopia, and Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), India, respectively. I have been working in the Department of Animal Science, at Woldia University as an assistant professor and senior researcher. I have also served as Research and Community Service Coordinator, Head of the Department of Animal Science, Vice Dean of the College of Agriculture, Director of Research and Development office, and now Coordinator of Quality Assurance office, Woldia University, Ethiopia 
 
Research Achievements 
My research has been focusing on applied research that has significant contributions in ensuring nutritional and food security by enhancing the productivity of ruminants and chickens. So far I did successful research on sheep, goat and cattle. 
 
1. Sheep Research 
 
The title was On-Farm Phenotypic Characterization of Native Sheep Types and Their Husbandry Practices in North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia. It was initiated to classify the sheep types in the Zone and document baseline data for further research and developing conservation based genetic improvement strategy. More than 450 sheep, owned by 190 households, were characterized based on FAO breed descriptor standards (FAO. 2011) since 2011/2012

<ul>
	<li>Two sheep breeds namely Tikur and Tumele were identified in the Zone. 
	@figure1</li>
	<li>Indigenous knowledge of the farmers in sheep production, management and marketing were documented 
	 
	Evaluation of&nbsp;Productive and Reproductive Performances of Tikur sheep in Gubalato District of North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia: An On-Farm Monitoring Study. 
	&nbsp;</li>
	<li>The overall means of birth, weaning, six-month, nine-month, and yearling weights of the sheep were 2.47&plusmn;0.47, 11.89&plusmn;2.26, 15.76&plusmn;1.49, and 16.49&plusmn;1.25 and 21.33&plusmn;3.27 kg, respectively.</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">The results indicated that Tikur sheep performances were comparable with other descript Ethiopian sheep breeds and they could be used as a good alternative for lean and tasty meat and wool production. 
	@figure2</li>
</ul>

<div style="text-align:justify">2.&nbsp;Goat Research 
 
Development and Evaluation of Community Based Breeding Program for Indigenous Goat Productivity Improvement in Habru District of North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia. 
It has been implemented in collaboration with Sirinka Agricultural Research Center, ICARDA, and District Livestock and Fishery Development Office. It is aimed to improve the body weight and litter size of the local goats by applying community based selective breeding&nbsp; 
@figure3 
3.&nbsp;Cattle Research 
 
Genetic and Phenotypic Evaluation of Crossbred Dairy Cattle for Performance Traits with associated Meteorological Factors in GADVASU Dairy Farm, Ludhiana, India&nbsp;</div>

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify">The random influences of sire on all growth traits, many reproduction traits and some milk production traits were observed to be significant</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">The milk production efficiency of the crossbred dairy cattle is within the range of the standard records; however the reproduction efficiency is fair.</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">The heritability estimates of crossbred cattle for growth traits were intermediate to high whereas the heritability of first lactation reproduction and milk production traits ranged from low to intermediate.</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">The heritability estimates of crossbred cattle for reproduction traits from all lactation were low but low to intermediate for all lactation milk production traits. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>

<div style="text-align:justify">Teaching and Student Mentoring&nbsp; 
Overall, I do have more than 16 years teaching experiences (from 2014-on wards). Nowadays, I have been teaching both under and postgraduate students in the stream of Animal Genetics and Breeding. For undergraduate students, I taught Principle of Genetics, Animal Breeding, Reproductive Physiology and Artificial Insemination, Animal Biotechnology, and Research Methods and Biometrics. Whilst I have taught Molecular Genetics, Quantitative Genetics, Advances in Livestock Breeding, honey bee and poultry breeding, Bioinformatics and Advances in Research Methods and Biometrics for postgraduates students. I supervised and mentored many undergraduate and three postgraduate students. 
 
Participations in Journal and Professional Association

<ul>
	<li>Editor-in-Chief of: Lalibela Journal of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences</li>
	<li>I am Reviewer of Ethiopian Journal of Animal Production, East Africa Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences and African Journal of Agricultural Research</li>
	<li>Member of Ethiopian Society of Animal Production, Ethiopian Veterinarian Association and Ethiopian Beekeeping Association.</li>
	<li>Internal evaluator (BSc and MSc students researches, and staffs researches and extension projects) 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
Challenges 
I faced many challenges when I was abroad. The challenges were extreme cold and hot weathers, family love, COVID19 outbreaks, Statistical Analysis Problems (highly challenged with the analysis of nonlinear models, Genetic Correlation and Repeated measurement analysis), computer failure such as keyboard and battery failures and Locus outbreak in my home country. I have used my life principles and experiences to overcome the problems and successfully completed my study on time. 
 
Technical, Social and Leadership Lessons 
 
My knowledge, understanding, and skills on research planning, execution, analysis and report writing, sheep, goat, cattle and chicken potentials and characteristics, genetic evaluation of crossbred dairy cattle, application of statistical computer packages such as SAS, R, WOMBAT, PEST and VCE, presenting research results to scientific communities in national and international conferences, journal articles&rsquo; publishing, students&rsquo; researches advisorship 
@figure4 
 
Best Experience Lessons 
 
They were obtained when I did my third degree in GADVASU, Ludhiana, India. The most attractive experiences I observed are described as follows. The University has updated the educational curriculum. The laboratory and farm organization, facilities and administration is wonderful and an example to the developing country like us. They developed their own improved livestock germplasms namely, Punjab Red Chicken Breed, 50-75% HF Crossbred Bulls, Murrah and Nili Rebi Buffalo, Sahiwal Breeds, Feed Packages, and Beetle goat. Ludhiana district, India produces surplus of rice, wheat and milk by irrigation scheme under very low altitude and high temperature conditions. This scenario teaches us many lessons to produce crops and milk in areas having similar weather conditions like Ludhiana. The University also widely applied reproductive biotechnologies like Artificial Insemination (AI), Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer (MOET), Mass synchronization, Invitro Fertilization (IVF), and cryopreservation of germplasms for fastening genetic progress. The culture and work ethics of Indian students and teachers are also teachable. They invest their resources in their countries. They have good cultures of transferring knowledge to the coming generation via writing books. The administration welcomes new ideas and gives high credits for one&#39;s own contribution. I created it with many teachers and students. These experiences can be used as a tool to improve the academic and administrative matters, research ethics and system, and work habits in the Ethiopian Universitiy. 
@figure5 
 
 
Tassew Mohammed Ali 
Assistant Professor in Animal Genetics and Breeding 
Director, Research and Development Office 
Department of Animal Science 
College of Agriculture, Woldia University, Mersa, Ethiopia 
&nbsp;</div>

Data Collection in GADVASU Directorate of Livestock Farm

Tassew Mohammed Ali


Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Woldia University, Mersa, Ethiopia

The role of a veterinary researcher wasn&rsquo;t something I had always envisioned for myself. I thought growing up, my dream would end up with me fulfilling the role of a veterinarian, but life had other plans for me. After completing my B.V.Sc and A.H. at the prestigious Bombay Veterinary College in Mumbai, I went on to do my post-graduation in Animal Genetics and Breeding and followed it with a&nbsp; Ph.D from the same college wherein part of my Ph.D course work was online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 
While it does help you to a certain degree, thereby enabling you to build upon your skills and enhances your critical thinking, it is most certainly not for the faint of heart. Being a researcher tests your patience and puts you through several trials: you have to miss out on family gatherings while coping with home sickness should you be pursuing your research work in a place which is not your native. There will be many people supporting and encouraging you in your journey and you will also discover many naysayers along the way including people who will try to bring you down due to their own inefficiency and jealousy caused by their own lack of success and ego. 
 
As a research student, I had to go into the field for my sample collection. Although the locations weren&rsquo;t always remote, a few locations were situated off main roads located on narrow off paths. While the language barrier was there, many of the goat owners were suspicious and wanted to know how was my research work of any benefit to them. One thing I realized from my internship days right to my current job, is even if you&rsquo;re worried or slightly scared, in front of the owners it is imperative that your confidence in your capabilities doesn&rsquo;t waiver. Working in the field meant, I had to always make sure I had sufficient EDTA vials for blood collection, along with needles and syringes to prevent contamination of samples and also because once a location was covered, I couldn&rsquo;t go back again for my sample collection. 
 
The aftermath of sample collection, especially in field conditions meant, I was permanently caked in dirt, sweat or blood, most of the time all three. There were days my white lab coat looked like it belonged to a butcher and not a research scholar. This was also complicated by the additional hazard of the goats biting, kicking and headbutting me. Very often the smell of bucks would plague me the full day all the way to the next. &nbsp;Due to the COVID-19 pandemic all my sample collections had to be done following mandated protocols issued by the government. Every time, I had to collect samples from an established farm, I would have to inquire about the status of the workers and if the farm was in an area under lockdown. My sample collection was further compromised by me contracting COVID-19 twice during the second and third wave in the country. During this time period, my meal schedule and daily routine was also affected, as many a times I would be out the full day, during my sample collection. Sometimes there would be electricity fluctuations and I would have to stop my work midway and either try to salvage the situation or discard everything. When everything was nearing it&rsquo;s end, our so called &lsquo;Curse of the AGB department&rsquo; would come into play, wherein I was unable to replicate results from even the initial experiments that I had performed. 
 
What made all of this worthwhile was the results I obtained from my research work during the course of my Ph.D. I was able to think for myself and learnt certain things, I would have never learnt otherwise. In addition to becoming more familiar with molecular techniques, I learnt how to do data analysis with data obtained under field conditions. I also submitted my sequences to GenBank as much of my work was novel in its execution. At the end of the day, although I faced several difficulties along the way, I am forever grateful to my department faculty for backing me as well as to my colleagues and friends who supported and motivated me throughout my P.H.D Journey. 
 
Dr. Charlotte Coretta Rodricks 
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, SVC, Kochhor, Sikar, Rajasthan 
&nbsp;

Dr. Charlotte Coretta Rodricks
Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, SVC, Kochhor, Sikar, Rajasthan


Dr. Harpal Singh Randhawa working as Director cum Principal Entomologist at PAU Regional Research Station Gurdaspur. My date of birth March 1st, 1967 and I belongs to District Gurdaspur and it got independence one day later than other parts of the country due to dispute of more Muslim population.I completed all degrees from PAU Ludhiana. I got admission in B Sc Ag (Hons) in the year 1984 and completed M. Sc. (Entomology) in the year 1991, after that I Joined as Research Fellow in oil seed section department of plant Breeding PAU Ludhiana. I Joined as Entomologist at PAU Regional Research Station Gurdaspur in the year March 1993. I did Ph. D (Entomology) as in-service candidate in the year 2005 and promoted as Principal Entomologist in the year 2010 at this station. 
 
My job responsibilities administrative work for station, to make survey and collection of new insect-pests, identification of new pests and study their life history for effective and suitable control measures, screening of breeding materials of field and horticultural crops against major pests, conduct multilocation research trials for pest management, production and sale of bioagents, teaching to UG/PG students, day to day advice/awareness to farmers for their field problems/about new technologies developed by PAU Ludhiana. I have Identified new insect-pests such as nut borer (Blastobasis huemeri), leaf roller (Statherotis leucaspis) of litchi, leaf beetle (Rhynchaenus magniferae) of mango &amp; litchi, apple fruit fly (Bactrocera correcta), pigeonpea&nbsp; pod borer (Maruca&nbsp; vitrata), gram caterpillar (H armigera) of berseem seed crop,&nbsp;toon shoot borer (Hypsipyla grandella),&nbsp;&nbsp;amaltas leaf roller (Nephopteryx eugraphella), white grub (Holotrichia consanguinea) of sugarcane, gall midge (Pauropsylla tuberculation)&nbsp;of satpatia ornamental tree, red pumpkin beetle (Aulacophora foveicolli)&nbsp;of rajmash and suggested suitable control measures for higher yield and better quality of produce. 
 
Inspire of these nearly 52 recommendations have been developed and published 61 research papers/35 short communication/extended abstracts in refereed journals and proceedings of conferences, respectively for management of insect-pests of field, fruit and vegetable crops. The farmers have benefitted by the use of these developed technologies. The bioagents are also multiplied and released in the in the farmers fields was undertaken to reduce the insecticidal load in environment. Also taught different courses (80 times) of Entomology/Pathology/Biology to the undergraduate students and guided one M. Sc. (Ent) student as major advisor. All students got job in public and private sector those improved their living standard. I have also published 317 extension articles in farm magazines (Progressive Farming/Changi Kheti/Indian Farming/Indian Farmers Digest, News Papers and others). Delivered 357 lectures in the Agricultural Camps and 22 Radio/TV Talks to popularize PAU developed technologies. 
 
The farmers followed the PAU technologies those reduce the cost of cultivation and enhanced their farm income. I reviewed forty two research papers as referee for publication in NAAS rated journals and many students completed their PG degrees well in time and also helped for different research workers. Nearly Rs 4.95 crore incomes generated for PAU through submission of research projects to various agencies, sale of quality seed, fruit fly traps and bioagents/biopesticides. 
 
Role as Farm Incharge 1995-2000 &amp; 2005-2014 
Farm mechanization 
Purchased Machinery:&nbsp;Tractor, Two Hydraulic Trolleys, Seed Grader, Rotavator, Multi Crop Planter, Multi Crop Thresher, Ridger, Aero blast Power Sprayer, Stubble Shaver, Leveller,&nbsp; Power Seed Cleaner. 
 
IRRIGATION FACILITY

<ul>
	<li>Installed 07 new submersible tube wells (Along with their Connections)</li>
	<li>Laid down underground irrigation pipe in field area of the station. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
Administrative Experience

<ul>
	<li>&nbsp;Incharge, Rice Research Scheme 1994 to 2000, Sugarcane Res. Scheme 2006 to 2011, Seed Production Section from 1994 to 2002 and 2005 to 2014.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;Incharge Biocontrol Laboratory 2008 to onward and Agromet Advisory Service Unit 2012 to 2013.&nbsp;Developed Biocontrol lab/ two class rooms Under NHM Project&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Co-convener of Teaching Affairs Committee and Member Anti ragging Committee at Institute of Agriculture RS Gurdaspur.</li>
	<li>Convener Extension Education Committee and Awareness Committee for Prevention of Sexual Harassment of Woman at Workplace.</li>
	<li>Nodal Officer for dealing with complaints received at PB-PGRAMS PORTAL.</li>
	<li>Convener implementation a uniform procedure for processing and forwarding of research papers from 2020 to onward.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
Committee Member 
 
University Level:&nbsp;PAU Sports &amp; Cultural Committees for the year 2008 to 2012.

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Academic Committee (Research) Department of Entomology PAU Ludhiana from 2007 to 2009.</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Administrative and Budget Committee, at PAU Regional Research Station, Gurdaspur.</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) Gurdaspur District 1995 to onward and Agromet Advisory Board, 2007 to onward.</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Selection Committee for posts of RF and Jr. Field/Lab Helper/Scout/Farm Change Agents at RRS, KVK, FASC Amritsar &amp; KVK Pathankot</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Recruitment committee for the post of Asstt. Professor (Contractual) at S. Beant Singh State University Gurdaspur, &nbsp;Farmer Change Agents for&nbsp;&nbsp; KVK Gurdsapur and Pathankot. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
Distinctions/Fellowships&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li>Awarded with&nbsp;PARMAN PATRA&nbsp;for doing best service in Agriculture Field on Republic Day 2021&nbsp;&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Received certificates of excellence for reviewing research manuscripts by different NAAS rated Journals.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;Honored by the village Panchayat Sohal block Dhariwal (Gsp.) regarding promotion of&nbsp;Organic Farming&nbsp;dated 16th&nbsp;November 2021.</li>
	<li>&nbsp;Appreciation letters received from Worthy Vice-Chancellor, DR/DEE PAU Ludhiana and Director RRS Gurdaspur for organizing Regional Kisan Melas/Conducting live demonstrations/experiments.&nbsp; &nbsp;</li>
	<li>&nbsp;Runner-up (two times) in Inter-College Kabaddi Competition, PAU Ludhiana and participated in Inter-Varsity of Kabaddi&nbsp; Competition at GB Pant University Pant Nagar&nbsp;&nbsp;</li>
	<li>&nbsp;Merit Scholarship from Punjab School Education Board SAS Nagar Mohali in Hr. Sec. Class. 
	&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
Membership of scientific societies/committees etc.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

<ul>
	<li style="text-align:justify">&nbsp;Indian Society for the Advancement of Insect Science 2002 to onward.</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Entomological Society of India New Delhi (2014 to onward).</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Society for the Promotion of Sustainable Agriculture (2013-14).</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">The Crop Improvement Society of India (2012-13).</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Society for Advancement of Science and Rural Development (2017-2018).</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Society of Pesticide Science of India (2020-23)</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Plant Protection Association of India (2020-21)</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Association of Entomologists Punjabi University of Patiala (2014-15).</li>
	<li style="text-align:justify">Legume Research, Agricultural Science Digest,&nbsp;&nbsp;Indian Journal of Agricultural Research&nbsp;(ARCC) for different years.</li>
</ul>

<div style="text-align:justify"> 
Dr. Harpal Singh Randhawa 
Director cum Principal Entomologist 
PAU Regional Research Station Gurdaspur</div>
&nbsp;

Dr. Harpal Singh Randhawa


Director cum Principal Entomologist
PAU Regional Research Station Gurdaspur

I wish to underscore that I obtained my engineering degree and Master&#39;s in agronomy from the National Institute, where my research focused on phospho-nitrogen fertilization applied to durum wheat cultivation.&nbsp;&nbsp; Subsequently, I completed my doctoral dissertation on durum wheat adaptation to hydric and thermal stress conditions at the University of S&eacute;tif (Algeria), in collaboration with ENSAM in Montpellier, France. Prior to my tenure at the University of S&eacute;tif, I gained experience at viticulture and cereal cultivation institutes.&nbsp;&nbsp; My research journey with durum wheat began at the University of S&eacute;tif, and my team is committed to further investigating these topics to contribute to sustainable agriculture resilient to changing climate conditions. 
 
The climate at my workplace is semi-arid, featuring shallow calcareous soils and varying rainfall averaging 300 mm over time and space.&nbsp;&nbsp; Our research team is focused on exploring the relationship between flag leaf senescence and durum wheat yield, which is crucial for farmers. Studies have shown that flag leaf lifespan significantly impacts grain yield.&nbsp;&nbsp; Durum wheat varieties displaying a &quot;stay-green&quot; phenotype show promise, as they can sustain effective photosynthesis during critical grain-filling stages, leading to higher yields even in water-deficient environments. 
 
Furthermore, the chlorophyll content in the flag leaf serves as a key indicator of drought tolerance.&nbsp;&nbsp; By selecting varieties with high chlorophyll potential, farmers can enhance their likelihood of a successful harvest despite challenging conditions.&nbsp;&nbsp; Provision of additional irrigation during key periods can improve both the morphological and physiological traits of durum wheat, mitigating the detrimental effects of water stress on grain yield. 
 
Moreover, carbon isotopic discrimination analysis has unveiled significant links between plant responses to water stress and yield potential.&nbsp;&nbsp; Management of flag leaf senescence, monitoring of chlorophyll content, and integration of additional irrigation can revolutionize the approach to durum wheat cultivation. 
 
In our investigations, we also delved into the impact of mycorrhizae on wheat production, accentuating the advantages of incorporating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into agricultural practices.&nbsp;&nbsp; Our findings suggest that mycorrhization enhances wheat&#39;s ability to withstand environmental stressors by boosting nutrient availability and stimulating root growth.&nbsp;&nbsp; These beneficial fungi improve soil quality and root conditions, ultimately enhancing water and nutrient uptake.&nbsp;&nbsp; Our study established a strong connection between mycorrhizal root colonization and elevated wheat production.&nbsp;&nbsp; Additionally, our observations indicate that utilizing mycorrhizae can elevate the expression of stress-resilient genes, enhancing plants&#39; resistance to adverse environmental factors. 
 
Research on climate change in Setif sheds light on how local farmers have adjusted their agricultural techniques in response to shifting climate conditions.&nbsp;&nbsp; Their findings indicate that the constraints of the semi-arid climate already impact farm profitability, prompting farmers to modify their systems to counter these challenges.Through examination of local climate patterns and farmer interviews, they showcased how agricultural methods have evolved due to climate fluctuations.&nbsp; 
 
These insights highlight the significance of adopting sustainable practices to strengthen resilience against climate challenges. By integrating mycorrhizae into agricultural practices alongside other strategies, we stress the importance of adapting cultivation systems to maximize the benefits of these symbiotic interactions. Our research identifies promising methods to boost wheat productivity while promoting environmental sustainability and reducing dependency on chemical fertilizers.Cumulatively, these findings offer practical solutions for increasing yields and ensuring sustainable production in the face of climate change and water resource variability

Researcher Stories