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Research Article

volume 54 issue 9 (september 2020) : 1171-1175,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-944

Effect of strain, sex and rearing system on carcass and fat yield of Naked Neck, Ovambo and Potchefstroom Koekoek chickens

T
T. Mutibvu
M
M. Chimonyo
T
T.E. Halimani
1Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
Cite article:- Mutibvu T., Chimonyo M., Halimani T.E. (2019). Effect of strain, sex and rearing system on carcass and fat yield of Naked Neck, Ovambo and Potchefstroom Koekoek chickens. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 54(9): 1171-1175. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-944.

ABSTRACT

Meat and fat yield influence the profitability of modern commercial poultry production. This study investigated the effect of strain, sex and rearing system on carcass and fat yields of 3 slow-growing chicken strains. Two hundred and eighty-eight Potchefstroom Koekoek, Ovambo and Naked Neck chickens, weighing 1710 ± 308.8 g, were allocated to 4 free-range pens and 4 housed pens. Body (BW), carcass (CW), dressed (DW), cut, giblet, fat pad (AFP) weights were determined after 4 weeks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted in SAS. Strain influenced (P<0.05) thigh, neck and giblet weight. Males were heavier (P<0.05), yielding heavier cuts and pancreases but lighter AFP than females. Ovambos yielded the heaviest portions among the 3 strains. Free-range birds experienced crop, gizzard hypertrophy and pancreatic atrophy. Further research could focus on fatty acid composition of meat from free-range systems to establish potential implications on heart-related health conditions.

REFERENCES

  1. Avanzo, J.L., Junior, X.M., C. and Cesar, C.M. (2002). Role of antioxidant systems in induced nutritional pancreatic atrophy in chicken. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology- Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 131(4):815-823.
  2. Castellini, C., Muginai, C. and Dal Bosco, A. (2002). Effect of organic production system on broiler carcass and meat quality. Meat Science, 60:219-225.
  3. Chabault, M., Baéza, E., Gigaud, V., Chartrin, P., Chapuis, H., Boulay, M., Arnould, C., D’Abbadie, F., Berri, C. and Le Bihan-Duval, E. (2012). Analysis of a slow-growing line reveals wide genetic variability of carcass and meat quality-related traits. BMC Genetics. DOI: 10.1186/1471–2156–13–90.
  4. Chikumba, N. and Chimonyo, M. (2014). Effects of water restriction on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and organ weights of Naked Neck and Ovambo chickens of Southern Africa. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 27(7):974-    980.
  5. Collin, A., Malheiros, R.D., Moraes, V.M., Van, A.S.P., Darras, V.M., Taouis, M., Decuypere, E. and Buyse, J. (2003). Effects of dietary macronutrient content on energy metabolism and uncoupling protein mRNA expression in broiler chickens. British Journal of Nutrition, 90(2):261-269.
  6. Eits, R.M., Kwakkel, R.P., Verstegen, M.W.A. and Emmans, G.C. (2003). Responses of broiler chickens to dietary protein: Effects of early life protein nutrition on later responses. British Poultry Science, 44:398–409.
  7. Fanatico, A.C., Pillai, P.B., Cavitt, L.C., Owens, C.M. and Emmert, J.L. (2005). Evaluation of slower-growing broiler genotypes grown with and without outdoor access: Growth performance and carcass yield. Poultry Science, 84:1321-1327.
  8. Faria, P.B., Bressan, M.C., de Souza, X.R., de Rossato, L.V., Botega, L.M.G., da Gama, L.T. (2010). Carcass and parts yield of broilers reared under a semi-extensive system. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 12(3):153–159.
  9. Fouad, A.M. and El-Senousey, H.K. (2014). Nutritional factors affecting abdominal fat deposition in poultry: A Review. Asian-    Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 27(7):1057-1068.
  10. Grobbelaar, J.A.N., Sutherland, B. and Molalakgotla, N.M. (2010). Egg production potentials of four indigenous chicken breeds in South Africa. Animal Genetic Resources, 46:25–32.
  11. Hrnèár, C., Weis, J., Pál, G., Baraòska, B., Bujko, J., Hanusová, E. (2010). Meat performance of the hen’s breed Oravka after reproductive and laying period. Scientific Papers: Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 43(2):284-286.
  12. Janczak, A.M. and Riber, A.B. (2015). Review of rearing-related factors affecting the welfare of laying hens. Poultry Science, 94:1454-1469.
  13. Kaya, S. and Yildirim, H. (2018). Effects of a semi-intensive raising system on the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of broiler chickens. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 52(2): 309-313. DOI: 10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.8486.
  14. Moreda, E., Hareppal, S., Johansson, A., Sisaye, T. and Sahile, Z. (2013). Characteristics of indigenous chicken production systems in south west and south part of Ethiopia. British Journal of Poultry Science, 2(3): 25-32.
  15. Nthimo, A.M., Neser, F.W.C., du Toit, J.E.J., Fair, M.D. and Odenya, W. (2004). Phenotypic characterization of indigenous chickens in Lesotho in the pre-laying phase. South African Journal of Animal Science, 34 (Supplement 2). 125-127
  16. Peng, Y.D., Xu, H.Y., Ye, F., Lan, X., Peng, X., Rustempašiæ, A., Yin, H.D., Zhao, X.L., Liu, Y.P., Zhu, Q. and Wang, Y. (2010). Effects of sex and age on chicken TBC1D1 gene mRNA expression. Genetic and Molecular Resources, 14(3):7704-7714.
  17. Pitchumoni, C.S. and Scheele, G.A. (1993). Interdependence of nutrition and exocrine pancreatic function. In: The Pancreas: Biology, Pathobiology and Disease (2nd Edn), (Go VLW, DiMagno, E.P., Gardner, J.D., Leventha, E., Reber, H.A., Scheele, G.A. Eds.). Raven Press. New York. pp 449-473.
  18. Ponte, P.I.P., Rosado, C.M.C., Crespo, J.P., Crespo, D.G., Mourão, J.L., Chaveiro-Soares, M.A., et al. (2008). Pasture intake improves the performance and meat sensory attributes of free-range broilers. Poultry Science, 87:71-79.
  19. Remes¡, V. and Sze´kely, T. (2010). Domestic chickens defy Rensch’s rule: Sexual size dimorphism in chicken breeds. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 23:2754–2759. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02126.x.
  20. Sales, J. (2014). Effects of access to pasture on performance, carcass composition, and meat quality in broilers: A meta-analysis. Poultry Science, 93:1523-1533.
  21. Sanz, M., Lopez-Bote, C.J., Menoyo, D. and Bautista, J.M. (2000). Abdominal fat deposition and fatty acid synthesis are lower and b-    oxidation is higher in broiler chickens fed diets containing unsaturated rather than saturated fat. American Society for Nutritional Sciences, 3034-3037.
  22. Statistical Analysis System. (2010). SAS/ STAT User’s guide, Release 9.1.3. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA.
  23. Takahashi, S.E., Mendes, A.A., Saldanha, E.S.P.B., Pizzolante, C.C., Pelicia, K., Garcia, R.G., Paz, I.C.L.A., Quinteiro, R.R. (2006). Effect of production system on performance and carcass yield of free range broiler chickens. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 58:624–632.
  24. Zhao, X., Ren, W., Siegel, P.B., Li, J., Yin, H., Liu,Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Honaker, C.F. and Zhu, Q. (2015). Housing systems interacting with sex and genetic line affect broiler growth and carcass traits. Poultry Science, 94:1711-1717.
  25. Zhao, X.L., Siegel, P.B., Liu, Y.P., Wang, Y., Gilbert, E.R., Zhu, Q. and Zhang, L. (2012). Housing system affects broiler characteristics of local Chinese breed reciprocal crosses. Poultry Science, 91:2405-2410.
  26. Zhou, H., Deeb, N., Evock-Clover, C.M., Ashwel, C.M. and Lamont, S.J. (2006). Genome-wide linkage analysis to identify chromosomal regions affecting phenotypic traits in the chicken. II. Body composition. Poultry Science, 85:1712-1721. 
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 54 issue 9 (september 2020) : 1171-1175,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-944

    Effect of strain, sex and rearing system on carcass and fat yield of Naked Neck, Ovambo and Potchefstroom Koekoek chickens

    T
    T. Mutibvu
    M
    M. Chimonyo
    T
    T.E. Halimani
    1Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
    Cite article:- Mutibvu T., Chimonyo M., Halimani T.E. (2019). Effect of strain, sex and rearing system on carcass and fat yield of Naked Neck, Ovambo and Potchefstroom Koekoek chickens. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 54(9): 1171-1175. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-944.

    ABSTRACT

    Meat and fat yield influence the profitability of modern commercial poultry production. This study investigated the effect of strain, sex and rearing system on carcass and fat yields of 3 slow-growing chicken strains. Two hundred and eighty-eight Potchefstroom Koekoek, Ovambo and Naked Neck chickens, weighing 1710 ± 308.8 g, were allocated to 4 free-range pens and 4 housed pens. Body (BW), carcass (CW), dressed (DW), cut, giblet, fat pad (AFP) weights were determined after 4 weeks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted in SAS. Strain influenced (P<0.05) thigh, neck and giblet weight. Males were heavier (P<0.05), yielding heavier cuts and pancreases but lighter AFP than females. Ovambos yielded the heaviest portions among the 3 strains. Free-range birds experienced crop, gizzard hypertrophy and pancreatic atrophy. Further research could focus on fatty acid composition of meat from free-range systems to establish potential implications on heart-related health conditions.

    REFERENCES

    1. Avanzo, J.L., Junior, X.M., C. and Cesar, C.M. (2002). Role of antioxidant systems in induced nutritional pancreatic atrophy in chicken. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology- Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 131(4):815-823.
    2. Castellini, C., Muginai, C. and Dal Bosco, A. (2002). Effect of organic production system on broiler carcass and meat quality. Meat Science, 60:219-225.
    3. Chabault, M., Baéza, E., Gigaud, V., Chartrin, P., Chapuis, H., Boulay, M., Arnould, C., D’Abbadie, F., Berri, C. and Le Bihan-Duval, E. (2012). Analysis of a slow-growing line reveals wide genetic variability of carcass and meat quality-related traits. BMC Genetics. DOI: 10.1186/1471–2156–13–90.
    4. Chikumba, N. and Chimonyo, M. (2014). Effects of water restriction on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and organ weights of Naked Neck and Ovambo chickens of Southern Africa. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 27(7):974-    980.
    5. Collin, A., Malheiros, R.D., Moraes, V.M., Van, A.S.P., Darras, V.M., Taouis, M., Decuypere, E. and Buyse, J. (2003). Effects of dietary macronutrient content on energy metabolism and uncoupling protein mRNA expression in broiler chickens. British Journal of Nutrition, 90(2):261-269.
    6. Eits, R.M., Kwakkel, R.P., Verstegen, M.W.A. and Emmans, G.C. (2003). Responses of broiler chickens to dietary protein: Effects of early life protein nutrition on later responses. British Poultry Science, 44:398–409.
    7. Fanatico, A.C., Pillai, P.B., Cavitt, L.C., Owens, C.M. and Emmert, J.L. (2005). Evaluation of slower-growing broiler genotypes grown with and without outdoor access: Growth performance and carcass yield. Poultry Science, 84:1321-1327.
    8. Faria, P.B., Bressan, M.C., de Souza, X.R., de Rossato, L.V., Botega, L.M.G., da Gama, L.T. (2010). Carcass and parts yield of broilers reared under a semi-extensive system. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 12(3):153–159.
    9. Fouad, A.M. and El-Senousey, H.K. (2014). Nutritional factors affecting abdominal fat deposition in poultry: A Review. Asian-    Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 27(7):1057-1068.
    10. Grobbelaar, J.A.N., Sutherland, B. and Molalakgotla, N.M. (2010). Egg production potentials of four indigenous chicken breeds in South Africa. Animal Genetic Resources, 46:25–32.
    11. Hrnèár, C., Weis, J., Pál, G., Baraòska, B., Bujko, J., Hanusová, E. (2010). Meat performance of the hen’s breed Oravka after reproductive and laying period. Scientific Papers: Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 43(2):284-286.
    12. Janczak, A.M. and Riber, A.B. (2015). Review of rearing-related factors affecting the welfare of laying hens. Poultry Science, 94:1454-1469.
    13. Kaya, S. and Yildirim, H. (2018). Effects of a semi-intensive raising system on the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of broiler chickens. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 52(2): 309-313. DOI: 10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.8486.
    14. Moreda, E., Hareppal, S., Johansson, A., Sisaye, T. and Sahile, Z. (2013). Characteristics of indigenous chicken production systems in south west and south part of Ethiopia. British Journal of Poultry Science, 2(3): 25-32.
    15. Nthimo, A.M., Neser, F.W.C., du Toit, J.E.J., Fair, M.D. and Odenya, W. (2004). Phenotypic characterization of indigenous chickens in Lesotho in the pre-laying phase. South African Journal of Animal Science, 34 (Supplement 2). 125-127
    16. Peng, Y.D., Xu, H.Y., Ye, F., Lan, X., Peng, X., Rustempašiæ, A., Yin, H.D., Zhao, X.L., Liu, Y.P., Zhu, Q. and Wang, Y. (2010). Effects of sex and age on chicken TBC1D1 gene mRNA expression. Genetic and Molecular Resources, 14(3):7704-7714.
    17. Pitchumoni, C.S. and Scheele, G.A. (1993). Interdependence of nutrition and exocrine pancreatic function. In: The Pancreas: Biology, Pathobiology and Disease (2nd Edn), (Go VLW, DiMagno, E.P., Gardner, J.D., Leventha, E., Reber, H.A., Scheele, G.A. Eds.). Raven Press. New York. pp 449-473.
    18. Ponte, P.I.P., Rosado, C.M.C., Crespo, J.P., Crespo, D.G., Mourão, J.L., Chaveiro-Soares, M.A., et al. (2008). Pasture intake improves the performance and meat sensory attributes of free-range broilers. Poultry Science, 87:71-79.
    19. Remes¡, V. and Sze´kely, T. (2010). Domestic chickens defy Rensch’s rule: Sexual size dimorphism in chicken breeds. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 23:2754–2759. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02126.x.
    20. Sales, J. (2014). Effects of access to pasture on performance, carcass composition, and meat quality in broilers: A meta-analysis. Poultry Science, 93:1523-1533.
    21. Sanz, M., Lopez-Bote, C.J., Menoyo, D. and Bautista, J.M. (2000). Abdominal fat deposition and fatty acid synthesis are lower and b-    oxidation is higher in broiler chickens fed diets containing unsaturated rather than saturated fat. American Society for Nutritional Sciences, 3034-3037.
    22. Statistical Analysis System. (2010). SAS/ STAT User’s guide, Release 9.1.3. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA.
    23. Takahashi, S.E., Mendes, A.A., Saldanha, E.S.P.B., Pizzolante, C.C., Pelicia, K., Garcia, R.G., Paz, I.C.L.A., Quinteiro, R.R. (2006). Effect of production system on performance and carcass yield of free range broiler chickens. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 58:624–632.
    24. Zhao, X., Ren, W., Siegel, P.B., Li, J., Yin, H., Liu,Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Honaker, C.F. and Zhu, Q. (2015). Housing systems interacting with sex and genetic line affect broiler growth and carcass traits. Poultry Science, 94:1711-1717.
    25. Zhao, X.L., Siegel, P.B., Liu, Y.P., Wang, Y., Gilbert, E.R., Zhu, Q. and Zhang, L. (2012). Housing system affects broiler characteristics of local Chinese breed reciprocal crosses. Poultry Science, 91:2405-2410.
    26. Zhou, H., Deeb, N., Evock-Clover, C.M., Ashwel, C.M. and Lamont, S.J. (2006). Genome-wide linkage analysis to identify chromosomal regions affecting phenotypic traits in the chicken. II. Body composition. Poultry Science, 85:1712-1721. 
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