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Research Article

volume 52 issue 6 (june 2018) : 882-886,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-864

The effect of palm kernel cake fermentation with Sclerotium rolfsii by adding humic acid in broiler diets

M
Mirnawati
C
Ciptaan G
D
Djulardi A
1Faculty of Animal Science, University of Andalas Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
Cite article:- Mirnawati, G Ciptaan, A Djulardi (2018). The effect of palm kernel cake fermentation with Sclerotium rolfsii by adding humic acid in broiler diets. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(6): 882-886. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-864.

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of palm kernel cake fermentation (PKCF) with Sclerotium roflsii by adding humic acid as broiler diet on the performance of broiler. Two hundred DOC of broiler were used in this experiment and randomly assigned to five treatments (0%, 17%, 22%, 27%, 32% palm kernel cake fermented in diets) in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The diets were formulated in iso protein 22% and iso caloric 3000 kcal/kg ration. The parameters of this study were feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, body weight, carcass percentage of broiler. The result of this study showed that feed consumption, body weight gained, feed conversion, body weight, carcass percentage were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by any treatment. In conclusion the palm kernel cake fermented (PKCF) by Sclerotium roflsii can be used up to 32% in broiler diets.

REFERENCES

  1. Alimon, A.R., (2004). The nutritive value of palm kernel cake for animal feed. Palm Oil Dev. 40: 12–14.
  2. Bakker T.W., Drouliscos N.J. and Worgan J.T.. (1981). Composition and Nutritional evaluation of Aspergillus orizae biomass grown on palm oil processing effluents. J. Sc. Food Agric. 32: 1014-1020.
  3. Borah, L. Das, A.K., Phukan, B. and Das, J. (2015). Effect of dietary supplementation of herbal growth promoter on performance of broilers. Indian Vet. J. 92: 58-60. 
  4. Dairo, F. A. S and Fauyi, A. O. (2008). Evalution of fermented palm kernel meal and fermented copra meal protein as subsitute for soybean meal protein in laying hens diets. 9(1): 35-44.
  5. Enviromate, T. M. (2002). Effect of humic acid on animal and humans (literature review and current research). Effects of humic acid.
  6. Eren, M. G. Deniz, S. S. Gezen and L Turkmen. (2000). Broyler yemelerine katilan humat larin, konsantrasyonuve kemik kuluuzerin etkileri. Ankara Oniv. Vet. Fak Derg. 47: 255- 263. 
  7. Ezhieshi. E. V and J. M. Olomu. (2004). Nutritional evaluation of palm kernel meal types: 2. Effects on live performance and nutrient retention in broiler chicks diets. African Jurnal of Biotechnology. 7(8): 1171 – 1175.
  8. Haroen, U. (2003). Respon ayam broiler yang diberi tepung daun sengon (albizziafalcataria) dalam ransum terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil karkas. J. Ilmiah ilmu-ilmu Peternakan. 6(1): 34-41.
  9. Iyayi, E. A. (2004). Changes in the cellulose, sugar and crude protein contens of agro-industrial by-products fermented with Aspergillus hiner, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium sp. African Journal of Biotechnology. 3(3): 186 – 188. 
  10. Kucukersan, S., Kucukersan., K., Colpan., I, Goncuoglu. E., Reisli. Z., Yesilbag D. (2005). The effect of humic acid on egg production and egg traits of laying hen. Vet. Med-Czech. 50(9): 406-410.
  11. Mahanta, J. D. Borgohain, B., Mihir Sarma, Sapcota D. and Jakir Hussain. (2017). Effect of dietary supplementation of herbal growth promoter on performance of commercial broiler chicken. Indian J. Anim. Res. 51(6): 1097-1100.
  12. Meryandini, A.R. Angreandari dan N. Rahmania. (2008). Isolasi bakterimananolitik dan karakterisasi mananasenya. Biota. 13(2): 82-88.
  13. Mirnawati, Y. Rizal,Y. Marlida and Kompiang I. P., (2010). The Role of humic acid in palm kernel cake fermented by Aspergillus niger for poultry ration. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 9(2): 182-185.
  14. Mirnawati, Y. Rizal, Y. Marlida and Kompiang, I. P. (2011). Evaluation of palm kernel cake by Aspergillus niger as substitute for soybean meal protein in the diet of broiler. International Journal of Poultry Science. 10(7): 537-541. 
  15. Mirnawati, IP. Kompiang and Latif. Suslina A. (2012). Effect of substrate composition and inoculum dosage to improve quality of palm kernel cake fermented by Aspergillus niger. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 11(5): 434-438.
  16. Mirnawati, A. Djulardi and Marlida Y. (2013). Improving the quality of palm kernel cake through fermentation by Eupenicilium javanicum as poultry ration. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 12 (12): 1085-1088. 
  17. Mirnawati, A. Djulardi and Ciptaan G. (2014). Produksi enzim selulase dan manannase dari bungkil inti sawit fermentasi dengan kapang selulolitik dan mananolitik serta aplikasinya dalam pakan unggas. Laporan Penelitian Riset sinas. Kementrian Riset dan Teknologi.
  18. Mirnawati, G. Ciptaan and Ferawati. (2017). The effect of mannanolytic fungi and humic acid dosage to improve the nutrient content and quality of fermented palm kernel cake. International Journal of Chem Tech Research. 10(2): 56-61.
  19. Purwadaria, T., Nirwana, N., Ketaren P. P., Pradono D.L. and Y. Widyastuti. (2003). Synergistic activity of enzymes produced by Eupenicillium javanicum and Aspergillus niger NRRL 337 on Palm oil factory waste. Biotropia. 20: 1-10.
  20. Purwadaria, T. and Sari, (2004). Pengkajian nilaigizi fermentasi mutan Aspergillus niger pada substrat bungkil kelapa dan bungkil inti sawit. Biodiversitas. 48-51.
  21. Priabudiman, Y. and Sukaryana Y. (2011). The influence of palm kernel cake and rice bran fermentation product mixture the broiler carcass. Quality internat, J. of Waste Resources. 1(2): 15-17.
  22. Rath, N. C.,. Huff W.E and G.R. Huff. (2006). Effects of humic acid of broiler chickens.Poultry production and product safety research unit agricultural research service USDA, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas Fayetteville. 
  23. Rizal, Y. (2000). Respon ayam broiler terhadap penggantian bungkil kedele dengan BIS dalam ransum. Jurnal Peternakan dan Lingkungan. 6(2).
  24. Rizal, Y., Nuraini, Mirnawati and Mahat, E, M. (2013). Comparison of nutrient contents and nutritional values of palm kernel cake fremented by using diference fungi. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 12: 943-948. 
  25. Sinurat, A.P. (2003). Pemanfaat lumpur sawit untuk bahan pakan unggas. Wartazoa. 13:39-47.
  26. Sinurat A.P., Purwadaria, T., Keraten P.P. and Pasaribu T. (2014). Subtitution of soybean meal with enriched palm kernel meal in laying hens diet. JITV. 19: 184-192.
  27. Steel, R.G.D., and J. H. Torrie. (1976). Introduction to Statistics. McGraw-Hill Book Company
  28. Stevenson, F.J. (1994). Humus Chemictry, Genesic, Composition, Reactions. A Wiley-Interscience & Sons. New York. 1994. Pp 496. 
  29. Sukaryana, Y., U. Atmomarsono., V. D. Yunianto and E. Supriatna. (2010). Bioconversions of palm kernel cake and rice bran mixture by Trichoderma viridae toward nutritional contents. Internal. J. of Sci and Eng. 1(2): 27 - 32. 
  30. Tan, K. H. (1998). Principle of Soil Chemistry. Third Edition Reviced and Expanded Marcel Decker, Inc New York 521 pp.
  31. Tate, K. R. and B. K. G. Teng. (1980). Organic matter and interaction with in organic soil constituen, In Soil With Available Charge. B. K. G. Theng (ed) N. Z. Soc. Soil Sci. Lower Hut New Zealand.
  32. Ugwu, S.. Onyimonyi O. and Ozono. (2008). Comprative performance and hematological indices of finishing broiler feed palm cernel cake, barbara rice husk as partial replacement for maize. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 7:299-303.
  33. Vidal, M. T., M. Poblet., M. Constant and A. Bordons. (2001). Inhibitor effects of copper and dichlofluanid on Oenococusoeni and malolactic fermentation. Am J. Enol Vitic. 52(3): 223 229.
  34. Vidyarthi, V.K., Akangnungla and Sharma, V. B. 2010. Effect of probiotic supplementation in broilers. Indian Vet. J. 87: 1051-1053.
  35. Yoruk, M. A., Gul, M., Hayirli, A., and M. Macit. (2004). The effect of Suplementation of humate and Probiotic on egg production and quality parameters during the late laying periodic hens. Poultry Sci. 83:84-88.
     
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    Research Article

    volume 52 issue 6 (june 2018) : 882-886,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-864

    The effect of palm kernel cake fermentation with Sclerotium rolfsii by adding humic acid in broiler diets

    M
    Mirnawati
    C
    Ciptaan G
    D
    Djulardi A
    1Faculty of Animal Science, University of Andalas Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
    Cite article:- Mirnawati, G Ciptaan, A Djulardi (2018). The effect of palm kernel cake fermentation with Sclerotium rolfsii by adding humic acid in broiler diets. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(6): 882-886. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-864.

    ABSTRACT

    An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of palm kernel cake fermentation (PKCF) with Sclerotium roflsii by adding humic acid as broiler diet on the performance of broiler. Two hundred DOC of broiler were used in this experiment and randomly assigned to five treatments (0%, 17%, 22%, 27%, 32% palm kernel cake fermented in diets) in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The diets were formulated in iso protein 22% and iso caloric 3000 kcal/kg ration. The parameters of this study were feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, body weight, carcass percentage of broiler. The result of this study showed that feed consumption, body weight gained, feed conversion, body weight, carcass percentage were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by any treatment. In conclusion the palm kernel cake fermented (PKCF) by Sclerotium roflsii can be used up to 32% in broiler diets.

    REFERENCES

    1. Alimon, A.R., (2004). The nutritive value of palm kernel cake for animal feed. Palm Oil Dev. 40: 12–14.
    2. Bakker T.W., Drouliscos N.J. and Worgan J.T.. (1981). Composition and Nutritional evaluation of Aspergillus orizae biomass grown on palm oil processing effluents. J. Sc. Food Agric. 32: 1014-1020.
    3. Borah, L. Das, A.K., Phukan, B. and Das, J. (2015). Effect of dietary supplementation of herbal growth promoter on performance of broilers. Indian Vet. J. 92: 58-60. 
    4. Dairo, F. A. S and Fauyi, A. O. (2008). Evalution of fermented palm kernel meal and fermented copra meal protein as subsitute for soybean meal protein in laying hens diets. 9(1): 35-44.
    5. Enviromate, T. M. (2002). Effect of humic acid on animal and humans (literature review and current research). Effects of humic acid.
    6. Eren, M. G. Deniz, S. S. Gezen and L Turkmen. (2000). Broyler yemelerine katilan humat larin, konsantrasyonuve kemik kuluuzerin etkileri. Ankara Oniv. Vet. Fak Derg. 47: 255- 263. 
    7. Ezhieshi. E. V and J. M. Olomu. (2004). Nutritional evaluation of palm kernel meal types: 2. Effects on live performance and nutrient retention in broiler chicks diets. African Jurnal of Biotechnology. 7(8): 1171 – 1175.
    8. Haroen, U. (2003). Respon ayam broiler yang diberi tepung daun sengon (albizziafalcataria) dalam ransum terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil karkas. J. Ilmiah ilmu-ilmu Peternakan. 6(1): 34-41.
    9. Iyayi, E. A. (2004). Changes in the cellulose, sugar and crude protein contens of agro-industrial by-products fermented with Aspergillus hiner, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium sp. African Journal of Biotechnology. 3(3): 186 – 188. 
    10. Kucukersan, S., Kucukersan., K., Colpan., I, Goncuoglu. E., Reisli. Z., Yesilbag D. (2005). The effect of humic acid on egg production and egg traits of laying hen. Vet. Med-Czech. 50(9): 406-410.
    11. Mahanta, J. D. Borgohain, B., Mihir Sarma, Sapcota D. and Jakir Hussain. (2017). Effect of dietary supplementation of herbal growth promoter on performance of commercial broiler chicken. Indian J. Anim. Res. 51(6): 1097-1100.
    12. Meryandini, A.R. Angreandari dan N. Rahmania. (2008). Isolasi bakterimananolitik dan karakterisasi mananasenya. Biota. 13(2): 82-88.
    13. Mirnawati, Y. Rizal,Y. Marlida and Kompiang I. P., (2010). The Role of humic acid in palm kernel cake fermented by Aspergillus niger for poultry ration. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 9(2): 182-185.
    14. Mirnawati, Y. Rizal, Y. Marlida and Kompiang, I. P. (2011). Evaluation of palm kernel cake by Aspergillus niger as substitute for soybean meal protein in the diet of broiler. International Journal of Poultry Science. 10(7): 537-541. 
    15. Mirnawati, IP. Kompiang and Latif. Suslina A. (2012). Effect of substrate composition and inoculum dosage to improve quality of palm kernel cake fermented by Aspergillus niger. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 11(5): 434-438.
    16. Mirnawati, A. Djulardi and Marlida Y. (2013). Improving the quality of palm kernel cake through fermentation by Eupenicilium javanicum as poultry ration. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 12 (12): 1085-1088. 
    17. Mirnawati, A. Djulardi and Ciptaan G. (2014). Produksi enzim selulase dan manannase dari bungkil inti sawit fermentasi dengan kapang selulolitik dan mananolitik serta aplikasinya dalam pakan unggas. Laporan Penelitian Riset sinas. Kementrian Riset dan Teknologi.
    18. Mirnawati, G. Ciptaan and Ferawati. (2017). The effect of mannanolytic fungi and humic acid dosage to improve the nutrient content and quality of fermented palm kernel cake. International Journal of Chem Tech Research. 10(2): 56-61.
    19. Purwadaria, T., Nirwana, N., Ketaren P. P., Pradono D.L. and Y. Widyastuti. (2003). Synergistic activity of enzymes produced by Eupenicillium javanicum and Aspergillus niger NRRL 337 on Palm oil factory waste. Biotropia. 20: 1-10.
    20. Purwadaria, T. and Sari, (2004). Pengkajian nilaigizi fermentasi mutan Aspergillus niger pada substrat bungkil kelapa dan bungkil inti sawit. Biodiversitas. 48-51.
    21. Priabudiman, Y. and Sukaryana Y. (2011). The influence of palm kernel cake and rice bran fermentation product mixture the broiler carcass. Quality internat, J. of Waste Resources. 1(2): 15-17.
    22. Rath, N. C.,. Huff W.E and G.R. Huff. (2006). Effects of humic acid of broiler chickens.Poultry production and product safety research unit agricultural research service USDA, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas Fayetteville. 
    23. Rizal, Y. (2000). Respon ayam broiler terhadap penggantian bungkil kedele dengan BIS dalam ransum. Jurnal Peternakan dan Lingkungan. 6(2).
    24. Rizal, Y., Nuraini, Mirnawati and Mahat, E, M. (2013). Comparison of nutrient contents and nutritional values of palm kernel cake fremented by using diference fungi. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 12: 943-948. 
    25. Sinurat, A.P. (2003). Pemanfaat lumpur sawit untuk bahan pakan unggas. Wartazoa. 13:39-47.
    26. Sinurat A.P., Purwadaria, T., Keraten P.P. and Pasaribu T. (2014). Subtitution of soybean meal with enriched palm kernel meal in laying hens diet. JITV. 19: 184-192.
    27. Steel, R.G.D., and J. H. Torrie. (1976). Introduction to Statistics. McGraw-Hill Book Company
    28. Stevenson, F.J. (1994). Humus Chemictry, Genesic, Composition, Reactions. A Wiley-Interscience & Sons. New York. 1994. Pp 496. 
    29. Sukaryana, Y., U. Atmomarsono., V. D. Yunianto and E. Supriatna. (2010). Bioconversions of palm kernel cake and rice bran mixture by Trichoderma viridae toward nutritional contents. Internal. J. of Sci and Eng. 1(2): 27 - 32. 
    30. Tan, K. H. (1998). Principle of Soil Chemistry. Third Edition Reviced and Expanded Marcel Decker, Inc New York 521 pp.
    31. Tate, K. R. and B. K. G. Teng. (1980). Organic matter and interaction with in organic soil constituen, In Soil With Available Charge. B. K. G. Theng (ed) N. Z. Soc. Soil Sci. Lower Hut New Zealand.
    32. Ugwu, S.. Onyimonyi O. and Ozono. (2008). Comprative performance and hematological indices of finishing broiler feed palm cernel cake, barbara rice husk as partial replacement for maize. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 7:299-303.
    33. Vidal, M. T., M. Poblet., M. Constant and A. Bordons. (2001). Inhibitor effects of copper and dichlofluanid on Oenococusoeni and malolactic fermentation. Am J. Enol Vitic. 52(3): 223 229.
    34. Vidyarthi, V.K., Akangnungla and Sharma, V. B. 2010. Effect of probiotic supplementation in broilers. Indian Vet. J. 87: 1051-1053.
    35. Yoruk, M. A., Gul, M., Hayirli, A., and M. Macit. (2004). The effect of Suplementation of humate and Probiotic on egg production and quality parameters during the late laying periodic hens. Poultry Sci. 83:84-88.
       
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