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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 53 issue 1 (january 2019) : 110-114,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-755

Prevalence of babesiosis in Sanga cattle in the Ohangwena region of Namibia

E
Emmanuel Kamutyatsha Matheus
J
Johan Oosthuizen
C
Christian Anayochukwu Mbajiorgu
J
James Wabwire Oguttu
1College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Agriculture and Animal Health,University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
Cite article:- Matheus Kamutyatsha Emmanuel, Oosthuizen Johan, Mbajiorgu Anayochukwu Christian, Oguttu Wabwire James (2018). Prevalence of babesiosis in Sanga cattle in the Ohangwena region of Namibia. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(1): 110-114. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-755.

ABSTRACT

Three hundred and ninety two (n = 392) blood samples from randomly selected cattle were subjected to the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test to test for antibodies against Babesia spp. The proportions of males (49%) and females (51%) included in the study did not differ significantly. Cattle that were ³5 years constituted 63% of the sampled animals, while cattle that  were 0-2 years old were in the minority (14%). Babesia bigemina had the highest prevalence (36.5%), while mixed infections had the least prevalence (13.2%). Based on age, cattle that were 3-4 years old had the highest prevalence of both B. bovis (23.9%) and B. bigemina (44.6 %). Cattle in the 0-2 year age category had the lowest prevalence of both B. bovis (12.3%) and B. bigemina (29.8 %). The 3- 4 years old age category also had the highest prevalence (18.5 %) of mixed infections, while the 0-2-years old had the lowest (8.8%). Overall, B. bigemina had the highest prevalence; however the level of the prevalence of babesiosis in the study area was not at the point where the region could be considered endemically stable.There was no significant association between infection and age, gender and place.

REFERENCES

  1. Abdullah-Al-Mahmud SHB and AH (2015). Prevalence of theileriosis and babesiosis in cattle in Sirajganj district of Bangladesh. Open Access Res. Artic.2(1):79–86. 
  2. Age I, Soay T, Age B (1996). Farming Animals/ : pastoral farming , possibilities and strategies. 29–82. 
  3. Atif FA, Khan MS, Muhammad F, Ahmad B (2013). Sero-epidemiology study of Anaplasma marginale among cattle.;23(3):740–4. 
  4. Bock R, Jackson L, de Vos a, Jorgensen W. (2004). Babesiosis of cattle. Parasitology. 129 Suppl(5):S247–69. 
  5. Cammà C. , Maseke M. , Pascucci I. , Di Domenico M., Molini U. , Scacchia M. LR. (2012) Investigations on the presence Haemoparasites in cattle of Caprivi strip (Northern Namibia). Mappe Parassitol. 
  6. Chandrawathani WR, Lye YP (2010). The seroprevalence of bovine babesiosis in Malaysia. Trop. Biomed. 27(2):301–7. 
  7. Coºkun A (2012). Acute phase proteins , clinical , hematological and biochemical parameters in dairy cows aturally infected with Anaplasma Marginale. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 18(3):497–502. 
  8. Ekici OD, Sevinc F (2009). Seroepidemiology Of Babesia Bigemina In Cattle in the Konya province, Turkey: Endemic Status. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy. 53(4):645–9. 
  9. Góes TS, Góes VS, Ribeiro MFB, Gontijo CM (2008). BOVINE BABESIOSIS. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 116(3–4):1–6. 
  10. Goff WL, Johnson WC, Tuo W, Valdez RA, Parish SM, Barrington GM (2002), et al. Age-related innate immune response in calves to Babesia bovis involves IL-12 induction and IL-10 modulation. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 969:164–8. 
  11. Gualito JJM, Neri AF, Aragón JAR, Alarcón GJC, Camacho-Nuez M(2012). Genome and molecular strategies for bovine babesiosis control. Rev Mex Cienc Pecu. 3(Supl 1):51–9. 
  12. Hangara GN, Teweldemedhin MY, Groenewald IB(2009). Major constraints for cattle productivity and managerial efficiency in communal areas of Omaheke Region, Namibia. Int. J. Agric. Sustain. 9:495–507. 
  13. Jonsson NN, Piper EK, Constantinoiu CC(2014). Host resistance in cattle to infestation with the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. Parasite Immunol. 36(11):553–9. 
  14. Kubelová M, Mazancová J, Siroký P(2012). Theileria, Babesia, and Anaplasma detected by PCR in ruminant herds at Bié Province, Angola. Parasite. 19(4):417–22. 
  15. Lemma F, Girma A, Demam D (2015). Prevalence of Bovine Babesiosis in and Around Jimma Town South Western Ethiopia 1. 9(5):338–43. 
  16. Marufu MC(2008). Prevalence of Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases in Cattle on Communal Rangelands in the Highland Areas of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Submitt. Partial fulfilment Requir. degree Master Sci. Agric. (Animal Sci. Dep. Livest. Pasture Sci. Fac. Sci. Agric. 
  17. Mtshali MS, Steyn HC, Mtshali PS, Mbati P a, Kocan KM, Latif A (2013) et al. The detection and characterization of multiple tick- borne pathogens in cattle at Ficksburg and Reitz ( Free State Province , South Africa ) using reverse line blot hybridization. 7(8):646–51. 
  18. Muhanguzi D, Picozzi K, Hatendorf J, Thrusfield M, Welburn SC, Kabasa JD et al. (2014) Prevalence and spatial distribution of Theileria parva in cattle under crop-livestock farming systems in Tororo District, Eastern Uganda. Parasit. Vectors. 7:91. 
  19. OIE. Bovine Babesiosis(2012). Man. Diagnostic Tests Vaccines Terr. Anim.(May):1–15. 
  20. OIE. (2013) Aetiology Epidemiology Diagnosis Prevention and Control References. Bov. babesisosis. 1–4. 
  21. Olwoch JM, Reyers B, Engelbrecht F a., Erasmus BFN (2008). Climate change and the tick-borne disease, Theileriosis (East Coast fever) in sub-Saharan Africa. J. Arid Environ.72(2):108–20. 
  22. Penzhorn BL. Bovine Babesiosis. Livest. Heal. Manag. Prod. › High Impact Dis. › Vector-borne Dis. 2015;1–16. 
  23. Republic of Namibia(2013). National sumary report,. Dir. Vet. Serv. Namibia.(June). 
  24. Robbins RG (2012). Tick-borne diseases: vector surveillance and control. (26). 
  25. Sandra Ríos-Tobón , Lina A. Gutiérrez-Builes and LAR-O (2014). Assessing bovine babesiosis in Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus ) microplus ticks and 3 to 9-month-old cattle in the middle. 34(4):313–9. 
  26. Tembue A a M, Silva FJM, Silva JB, Santos TM, Santos H a., Soares CO, et al. (2011). Risk factors associated with the frequency of antibodies against Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in cattle in Southern Mozambique. Pesqui. Vet. Bras. 31(8):663–6. 
  27. Tschopp R, Aseffa A, Schelling E, Zinsstag J (2010). Farmers’ Perceptions of Livestock, Agriculture, and Natural Resources in the Rural Ethiopian Highlands. Mt. Res. Dev. 30(4):381–90. 
  28. Veterinary Services of Namibia(2013). National sumary report,. Dir. Vet. Serv. Namibia. 2013;(June). 
  29. Vos A De, Waal D De (2004). Bovine babesiosis. Infect. Dis. (May):1–15. 
  30. Zintl A, Gray JS, Skerrett HE, Mulcahy G (2005). Possible mechanisms underlying age-related resistance to bovine babesiosis. Parasite Immunol. p. 115–20. 
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 1 (january 2019) : 110-114,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-755

    Prevalence of babesiosis in Sanga cattle in the Ohangwena region of Namibia

    E
    Emmanuel Kamutyatsha Matheus
    J
    Johan Oosthuizen
    C
    Christian Anayochukwu Mbajiorgu
    J
    James Wabwire Oguttu
    1College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Agriculture and Animal Health,University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
    Cite article:- Matheus Kamutyatsha Emmanuel, Oosthuizen Johan, Mbajiorgu Anayochukwu Christian, Oguttu Wabwire James (2018). Prevalence of babesiosis in Sanga cattle in the Ohangwena region of Namibia. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(1): 110-114. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-755.

    ABSTRACT

    Three hundred and ninety two (n = 392) blood samples from randomly selected cattle were subjected to the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test to test for antibodies against Babesia spp. The proportions of males (49%) and females (51%) included in the study did not differ significantly. Cattle that were ³5 years constituted 63% of the sampled animals, while cattle that  were 0-2 years old were in the minority (14%). Babesia bigemina had the highest prevalence (36.5%), while mixed infections had the least prevalence (13.2%). Based on age, cattle that were 3-4 years old had the highest prevalence of both B. bovis (23.9%) and B. bigemina (44.6 %). Cattle in the 0-2 year age category had the lowest prevalence of both B. bovis (12.3%) and B. bigemina (29.8 %). The 3- 4 years old age category also had the highest prevalence (18.5 %) of mixed infections, while the 0-2-years old had the lowest (8.8%). Overall, B. bigemina had the highest prevalence; however the level of the prevalence of babesiosis in the study area was not at the point where the region could be considered endemically stable.There was no significant association between infection and age, gender and place.

    REFERENCES

    1. Abdullah-Al-Mahmud SHB and AH (2015). Prevalence of theileriosis and babesiosis in cattle in Sirajganj district of Bangladesh. Open Access Res. Artic.2(1):79–86. 
    2. Age I, Soay T, Age B (1996). Farming Animals/ : pastoral farming , possibilities and strategies. 29–82. 
    3. Atif FA, Khan MS, Muhammad F, Ahmad B (2013). Sero-epidemiology study of Anaplasma marginale among cattle.;23(3):740–4. 
    4. Bock R, Jackson L, de Vos a, Jorgensen W. (2004). Babesiosis of cattle. Parasitology. 129 Suppl(5):S247–69. 
    5. Cammà C. , Maseke M. , Pascucci I. , Di Domenico M., Molini U. , Scacchia M. LR. (2012) Investigations on the presence Haemoparasites in cattle of Caprivi strip (Northern Namibia). Mappe Parassitol. 
    6. Chandrawathani WR, Lye YP (2010). The seroprevalence of bovine babesiosis in Malaysia. Trop. Biomed. 27(2):301–7. 
    7. Coºkun A (2012). Acute phase proteins , clinical , hematological and biochemical parameters in dairy cows aturally infected with Anaplasma Marginale. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 18(3):497–502. 
    8. Ekici OD, Sevinc F (2009). Seroepidemiology Of Babesia Bigemina In Cattle in the Konya province, Turkey: Endemic Status. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy. 53(4):645–9. 
    9. Góes TS, Góes VS, Ribeiro MFB, Gontijo CM (2008). BOVINE BABESIOSIS. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 116(3–4):1–6. 
    10. Goff WL, Johnson WC, Tuo W, Valdez RA, Parish SM, Barrington GM (2002), et al. Age-related innate immune response in calves to Babesia bovis involves IL-12 induction and IL-10 modulation. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 969:164–8. 
    11. Gualito JJM, Neri AF, Aragón JAR, Alarcón GJC, Camacho-Nuez M(2012). Genome and molecular strategies for bovine babesiosis control. Rev Mex Cienc Pecu. 3(Supl 1):51–9. 
    12. Hangara GN, Teweldemedhin MY, Groenewald IB(2009). Major constraints for cattle productivity and managerial efficiency in communal areas of Omaheke Region, Namibia. Int. J. Agric. Sustain. 9:495–507. 
    13. Jonsson NN, Piper EK, Constantinoiu CC(2014). Host resistance in cattle to infestation with the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. Parasite Immunol. 36(11):553–9. 
    14. Kubelová M, Mazancová J, Siroký P(2012). Theileria, Babesia, and Anaplasma detected by PCR in ruminant herds at Bié Province, Angola. Parasite. 19(4):417–22. 
    15. Lemma F, Girma A, Demam D (2015). Prevalence of Bovine Babesiosis in and Around Jimma Town South Western Ethiopia 1. 9(5):338–43. 
    16. Marufu MC(2008). Prevalence of Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases in Cattle on Communal Rangelands in the Highland Areas of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Submitt. Partial fulfilment Requir. degree Master Sci. Agric. (Animal Sci. Dep. Livest. Pasture Sci. Fac. Sci. Agric. 
    17. Mtshali MS, Steyn HC, Mtshali PS, Mbati P a, Kocan KM, Latif A (2013) et al. The detection and characterization of multiple tick- borne pathogens in cattle at Ficksburg and Reitz ( Free State Province , South Africa ) using reverse line blot hybridization. 7(8):646–51. 
    18. Muhanguzi D, Picozzi K, Hatendorf J, Thrusfield M, Welburn SC, Kabasa JD et al. (2014) Prevalence and spatial distribution of Theileria parva in cattle under crop-livestock farming systems in Tororo District, Eastern Uganda. Parasit. Vectors. 7:91. 
    19. OIE. Bovine Babesiosis(2012). Man. Diagnostic Tests Vaccines Terr. Anim.(May):1–15. 
    20. OIE. (2013) Aetiology Epidemiology Diagnosis Prevention and Control References. Bov. babesisosis. 1–4. 
    21. Olwoch JM, Reyers B, Engelbrecht F a., Erasmus BFN (2008). Climate change and the tick-borne disease, Theileriosis (East Coast fever) in sub-Saharan Africa. J. Arid Environ.72(2):108–20. 
    22. Penzhorn BL. Bovine Babesiosis. Livest. Heal. Manag. Prod. › High Impact Dis. › Vector-borne Dis. 2015;1–16. 
    23. Republic of Namibia(2013). National sumary report,. Dir. Vet. Serv. Namibia.(June). 
    24. Robbins RG (2012). Tick-borne diseases: vector surveillance and control. (26). 
    25. Sandra Ríos-Tobón , Lina A. Gutiérrez-Builes and LAR-O (2014). Assessing bovine babesiosis in Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus ) microplus ticks and 3 to 9-month-old cattle in the middle. 34(4):313–9. 
    26. Tembue A a M, Silva FJM, Silva JB, Santos TM, Santos H a., Soares CO, et al. (2011). Risk factors associated with the frequency of antibodies against Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in cattle in Southern Mozambique. Pesqui. Vet. Bras. 31(8):663–6. 
    27. Tschopp R, Aseffa A, Schelling E, Zinsstag J (2010). Farmers’ Perceptions of Livestock, Agriculture, and Natural Resources in the Rural Ethiopian Highlands. Mt. Res. Dev. 30(4):381–90. 
    28. Veterinary Services of Namibia(2013). National sumary report,. Dir. Vet. Serv. Namibia. 2013;(June). 
    29. Vos A De, Waal D De (2004). Bovine babesiosis. Infect. Dis. (May):1–15. 
    30. Zintl A, Gray JS, Skerrett HE, Mulcahy G (2005). Possible mechanisms underlying age-related resistance to bovine babesiosis. Parasite Immunol. p. 115–20. 
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