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Research Article

volume 55 issue 8 (august 2021) : 973-978,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-4139

Histomorphological Studies on the Different Nuclei of Hypothalamus of Indian Buffalo

D
Devendra Pathak
N
Neelam Bansal
1Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, India.
Cite article:- Pathak Devendra, Bansal Neelam (2021). Histomorphological Studies on the Different Nuclei of Hypothalamus of Indian Buffalo. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 55(8): 973-978. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-4139.

ABSTRACT

Background: Hypothalamus is an integral part of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal ovarian axis. It contains several small nuclei that have been implicated in several specialized functions. It is the master endocrine gland because it regulates the activity of the pituitary. The present investigation was planned to elucidate the histomorphological details of different nuclei in the hypothalamus of Indian buffaloes.
Methods: The hypothalami of buffaloes (n =52) were collected from local abattoirs and Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, GADVASU, Ludhiana. The tissue samples were collected from three levels i.e. the supraoptic, tuberal and the mamillary region of the hypothalamus and processed for paraffin sectioning and the sections were stained with various stains for histomorphological studies.
Result: The well-defined cell groups or nuclei were identified both in the coronal and sagittal sections of the hypothalamus in all the reproductive phases. Eight nuclei were distinctly recognized in buffalo hypothalamus at three levels in the coronal sections of the hypothalamus. At the level of optic chiasma, the nuclei were paraventricular nucleus (PVN), supraoptic nucleus (SON) and preopticnucleus (PON); at the tuberal region, there were arcuate nucleus (AN) and ventromedial nucleus (VMN) and at the mammillary region, the lateral mammillary nucleus (LMN), medial mammillary nucleus (MMN) and posterior hypothalamic nucleus (PHN) were identified. Most of the nuclei consisted of a loose or compact heterogeneous collection of neurons. The neurons of the different nuclei were of variable shape. The cytoplasm contained a varied amount of Nissl material. The neurosecretory substance was peripheral in position. Small to large-sized blood vessels were observed in between the neuronal substance. The size of the neurons varied during different stages of reproduction.

REFERENCES

  1. Bhattacharya, M. and Saigal, R.P. (1987). Histomorphochemical studies on suprachiasmatic and arcuate nuclei in hypothalamus of goat. Indian Journal of Animal Science. 57: 692-94.
  2. Bleier, R, Cohn P. and Siggelkow, I.R. (1979). A cytoarchitectonic atlas of the hypothalamus and hypothalamic third ventricle of the rat. In “Hand book of the hypothalamus. Vol. I Anatomy of the Hypothalamus.” (Ed.) P.J. Morgane, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York. pp: 137-220.
  3. Clementi, F. and B. Ceccarelli. (1970). Fine structure of rat hypothalamic nuclei. In “The Hypothalamus”. (Eds.) Martini, L., M. Motta and F. Fraschini, Academic Press, New York. pp: 17-43.
  4. Cotea, C., Oprean, O.Z., Boiºteanu, P., Solcan, C. and Cotea, I. (2007). The nuclei of the hypothalamus in cow. Cercetãri Agronomiceîn Moldova. 4(132): 71-79.
  5. Daniel, P.M. and Prichard, M.M.L. (1975). Studies of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. Acta Endocrinology. 80: 6-26.
  6. Gasamski, R. and Lakomy, M. (1973). The nuclei of the anterior part of the hypothalamus of the cow. Journal fur Hirnforschung. 14: 27-41.
  7. Halasz, B., Koves, K., Rthely, M., Bodoky, M. and Koritsanszky, S. (1975). Recent data on neuronal connections between nervous structures involved in the control of the adenohypophysis. In “Anatomy of Neuroendocrinology”. (Eds.) W. E. Stumpf and L. D. Grant. Karger Basle, New York.
  8. Krieger, D.T. (1971). The hypothalamus and neuroendocrinology. Hospital Practice. 6(9):87-99.
  9. Lucy, K.M., Harshan, K.R., Chungath, J.J. and Ashok, N. (2009). Histogenesis of diencephalon in goat foetuses. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 43(4): 241-245.
  10. Luna, L.G. (1968). Manual of histological staining methods of armed forces Institute of Pathology. 3rd Edn. pp 38-196. McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, USA.
  11. Mezey, E. and Polkovits, M. (1982). Two-way transport in the hypothalamo-Hypophyseal system. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. 7: 1-29.
  12. Paramsivan, S., Geetha Ramesh and Ushakumary, S., Balachandran, C. and Kulasekar, K. (2011). Histology of magnacellular paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus in sheep. Indian Veterinary Journal. 88: 55-57.
  13. Pathak, D. and Bansal, N. (2015). Gross morphological studies on hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarian axis of Indian buffalo. Ruminant Science. 4(2): 137-143. 
  14. Pathak, V. and Bhardwaj, R.L. (2005). Histological and histochemical studies on the preoptic, paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus in Gaddi goat. The Royal Veterinary Journal of India. 1 (2):65-68.
  15. Pathak, V. and Bhardwaj, R.L. (2006). Seasonal variations in the micromorphometery of Preoptic, Paraventricular and Suprachiasmatic Nuclei of Hypothalamus in Gaddi goats. Indian Journal of Veterinary Anatomy. 18(1): 56-59.
  16. Priyadarshini, L., Yadav, A.K., Singh, H.S., Mishra, A., Jain, A.K. and Ahirwar, M.K. (2015). Role of leptin in the physiology of animal reproduction-A review. Agricultural Reviews. 36(3): 235-240. 
  17. Sheehan, D.C. and Hrapchak, B.B. (1973). Theory and Practice of Histotechnology. 1st Edn. pp 79-115. The CV Mosby Company, Saint Louis, USA.
  18. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1994). Statistical methods. 8th Edn., Iowa State University Press, Ames.
  19. Stanikova, A., Arendarcik, J. and Molnarova, M. (1989). Changes in the hypothalamus and ependyma of the third ventricle of the brain in sheep after irradiation and hormone stimulation. Acta Physiologica Polonica. 40(1):126-138.
  20. Sukhadeve, S.V., Bansal, N. and Pathak, D. (2019). Light and Electron microscopic studies on the sperm host glands in Punjab white quail. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(10):1340-1343.
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    Research Article

    volume 55 issue 8 (august 2021) : 973-978,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-4139

    Histomorphological Studies on the Different Nuclei of Hypothalamus of Indian Buffalo

    D
    Devendra Pathak
    N
    Neelam Bansal
    1Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, India.
    Cite article:- Pathak Devendra, Bansal Neelam (2021). Histomorphological Studies on the Different Nuclei of Hypothalamus of Indian Buffalo. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 55(8): 973-978. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-4139.

    ABSTRACT

    Background: Hypothalamus is an integral part of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal ovarian axis. It contains several small nuclei that have been implicated in several specialized functions. It is the master endocrine gland because it regulates the activity of the pituitary. The present investigation was planned to elucidate the histomorphological details of different nuclei in the hypothalamus of Indian buffaloes.
    Methods: The hypothalami of buffaloes (n =52) were collected from local abattoirs and Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, GADVASU, Ludhiana. The tissue samples were collected from three levels i.e. the supraoptic, tuberal and the mamillary region of the hypothalamus and processed for paraffin sectioning and the sections were stained with various stains for histomorphological studies.
    Result: The well-defined cell groups or nuclei were identified both in the coronal and sagittal sections of the hypothalamus in all the reproductive phases. Eight nuclei were distinctly recognized in buffalo hypothalamus at three levels in the coronal sections of the hypothalamus. At the level of optic chiasma, the nuclei were paraventricular nucleus (PVN), supraoptic nucleus (SON) and preopticnucleus (PON); at the tuberal region, there were arcuate nucleus (AN) and ventromedial nucleus (VMN) and at the mammillary region, the lateral mammillary nucleus (LMN), medial mammillary nucleus (MMN) and posterior hypothalamic nucleus (PHN) were identified. Most of the nuclei consisted of a loose or compact heterogeneous collection of neurons. The neurons of the different nuclei were of variable shape. The cytoplasm contained a varied amount of Nissl material. The neurosecretory substance was peripheral in position. Small to large-sized blood vessels were observed in between the neuronal substance. The size of the neurons varied during different stages of reproduction.

    REFERENCES

    1. Bhattacharya, M. and Saigal, R.P. (1987). Histomorphochemical studies on suprachiasmatic and arcuate nuclei in hypothalamus of goat. Indian Journal of Animal Science. 57: 692-94.
    2. Bleier, R, Cohn P. and Siggelkow, I.R. (1979). A cytoarchitectonic atlas of the hypothalamus and hypothalamic third ventricle of the rat. In “Hand book of the hypothalamus. Vol. I Anatomy of the Hypothalamus.” (Ed.) P.J. Morgane, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York. pp: 137-220.
    3. Clementi, F. and B. Ceccarelli. (1970). Fine structure of rat hypothalamic nuclei. In “The Hypothalamus”. (Eds.) Martini, L., M. Motta and F. Fraschini, Academic Press, New York. pp: 17-43.
    4. Cotea, C., Oprean, O.Z., Boiºteanu, P., Solcan, C. and Cotea, I. (2007). The nuclei of the hypothalamus in cow. Cercetãri Agronomiceîn Moldova. 4(132): 71-79.
    5. Daniel, P.M. and Prichard, M.M.L. (1975). Studies of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. Acta Endocrinology. 80: 6-26.
    6. Gasamski, R. and Lakomy, M. (1973). The nuclei of the anterior part of the hypothalamus of the cow. Journal fur Hirnforschung. 14: 27-41.
    7. Halasz, B., Koves, K., Rthely, M., Bodoky, M. and Koritsanszky, S. (1975). Recent data on neuronal connections between nervous structures involved in the control of the adenohypophysis. In “Anatomy of Neuroendocrinology”. (Eds.) W. E. Stumpf and L. D. Grant. Karger Basle, New York.
    8. Krieger, D.T. (1971). The hypothalamus and neuroendocrinology. Hospital Practice. 6(9):87-99.
    9. Lucy, K.M., Harshan, K.R., Chungath, J.J. and Ashok, N. (2009). Histogenesis of diencephalon in goat foetuses. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 43(4): 241-245.
    10. Luna, L.G. (1968). Manual of histological staining methods of armed forces Institute of Pathology. 3rd Edn. pp 38-196. McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, USA.
    11. Mezey, E. and Polkovits, M. (1982). Two-way transport in the hypothalamo-Hypophyseal system. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. 7: 1-29.
    12. Paramsivan, S., Geetha Ramesh and Ushakumary, S., Balachandran, C. and Kulasekar, K. (2011). Histology of magnacellular paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus in sheep. Indian Veterinary Journal. 88: 55-57.
    13. Pathak, D. and Bansal, N. (2015). Gross morphological studies on hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarian axis of Indian buffalo. Ruminant Science. 4(2): 137-143. 
    14. Pathak, V. and Bhardwaj, R.L. (2005). Histological and histochemical studies on the preoptic, paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus in Gaddi goat. The Royal Veterinary Journal of India. 1 (2):65-68.
    15. Pathak, V. and Bhardwaj, R.L. (2006). Seasonal variations in the micromorphometery of Preoptic, Paraventricular and Suprachiasmatic Nuclei of Hypothalamus in Gaddi goats. Indian Journal of Veterinary Anatomy. 18(1): 56-59.
    16. Priyadarshini, L., Yadav, A.K., Singh, H.S., Mishra, A., Jain, A.K. and Ahirwar, M.K. (2015). Role of leptin in the physiology of animal reproduction-A review. Agricultural Reviews. 36(3): 235-240. 
    17. Sheehan, D.C. and Hrapchak, B.B. (1973). Theory and Practice of Histotechnology. 1st Edn. pp 79-115. The CV Mosby Company, Saint Louis, USA.
    18. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1994). Statistical methods. 8th Edn., Iowa State University Press, Ames.
    19. Stanikova, A., Arendarcik, J. and Molnarova, M. (1989). Changes in the hypothalamus and ependyma of the third ventricle of the brain in sheep after irradiation and hormone stimulation. Acta Physiologica Polonica. 40(1):126-138.
    20. Sukhadeve, S.V., Bansal, N. and Pathak, D. (2019). Light and Electron microscopic studies on the sperm host glands in Punjab white quail. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(10):1340-1343.
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