Indian Journal of Animal Research

  • Chief EditorK.M.L. Pathak

  • Print ISSN 0367-6722

  • Online ISSN 0976-0555

  • NAAS Rating 6.44

  • SJR .282 (2022)

  • Impact Factor .427 (2022)

Frequency :
Monthly (January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December)
Indexing Services :
Science Citation Index Expanded, BIOSIS Preview, ISI Citation Index, Biological Abstracts, Scopus, AGRICOLA, Google Scholar, CrossRef, CAB Abstracting Journals, Chemical Abstracts, Indian Science Abstracts, EBSCO Indexing Services, Index Copernicus
Submit

Research Article

Efficacy of closantel against benzimidazole resistant Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep

Dipali Parmar, Dinesh Chandra, Arvind Prasad, Muthu Sankar, Abdul Nasir, Bhawana Khuswaha, Ravi Khare, Navneet Kaur
  • Email
1Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Cite article:- Parmar Dipali, Chandra Dinesh, Prasad Arvind, Sankar Muthu, Nasir Abdul, Khuswaha Bhawana, Khare Ravi, Kaur Navneet (2019). Efficacy of closantel against benzimidazole resistant Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 54(4): 468-472. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3799.

ABSTRACT

Benzimidazoles are widely used and readily available ovine anthelminthics across the country. However, widespread resistance to this drug class has been documented, primarily in Haemonchus spp. The present study was conducted to determine the efficacy of closantel against benzimidazole resistant Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep.  Naturally infected sheep (n=34) were divided into four groups on the basis of fecal egg counts (FEC) using modified McMaster technique with a lower detection limit of 8.3 eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) viz. Group-A (500-10000), Group- B (>10,000-20,000), Group-C (>20,000-30,000) and Group-D (>30,000). Generic differentiation of larvae was carried out by coproculture performed on pooled faeces which showed the presence of Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum and Strongyloides larvae. To ascertain the evidence of benzimidazole resistance, Egg Hatch Assay (EHA) was performed. All animals were treated with Closantel @ 10mg\kg body weight and EPG was determined on 7th and 11th day post treatment.  Animals of different groups had mean EPG range of 400 -760 at 11th day of treatment. In group A, B, C and D mean per cent efficacy of closantel was 91.24±3.49, 95.15±1.72, 97.73±0.72, 98.23±0.86 respectively. Efficacy of closantel against Haemonchus and other gastrointestinal nematodes was further confirmed by performing coproculture 11th day post treatment. Post treatment coproculture revealed presence of Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum and Strongyloides larvae and were devoid of Haemonchus larvae. To clear the left out infection of Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum and Strongyloides animals were further treated with Fenbendazole @5mg/kg body weight and EPG 14 days post treatment became zero. The results of the study suggested that closantel can be used for Targeted Selective Treatment (TST) in sheep primarily infected with Haemonchus. Since closantel is highly efficacious against Haemonchus its use as an alternative to benzimidazoles group may be helpful to decrease pasture contamination. Overall control of gastrointestinal nematodiasis may therefore be possible by use of closantel along with benzimidazoles. 

REFERENCES

  1. Alcalá Canto Y., Sumano López HS., Ocampo Camberos L and Gutiérrez L. (2017). Anthelmintic resistance status of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep to the single or combined administration of benzimidazoles and closantel in three localities in Mexico. Veterinaria México, 3: 1-11.
  2. Anonymous (1990). Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food. Thirty-sixth report of the joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, WHO Technical Report Series, No. 799.
  3. Besier RB., Kahn LP., Sargison ND and Van Wyk JA. (2016). The pathophysiology, ecology and epidemiology of Haemonchus contrortus infection in small ruminants. Adv parasitol, 93: 95-143.
  4. Cazajous T., Prevot F., Kerbiriou A., Milhes M., Grisez C., Tropee A., Godart C., Aragon A and Jacquiet P. (2018). Multiple-resistance to ivermectin and benzimidazole of a Haemonchus contrortus population in a sheep flock from mainland France, first report. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 14:103-105.
  5. Coles GC., Bauer C., Borgsteede FHM., Geerts S., Klei TR., Taylor MA and Waller PJ. (1992). World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) methods for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance. Vet parasitol, 44: 35-44.
  6. Dash KM. (1986). Control of helminthosis in lambs by strategic treatment with closantel and broadspectrum anthelmintics. Aust Vet J, 63: 4-6.
  7. Faizal ACM and Rajapakse RPVJ. (2001). Prevalence of coccidia and gastrointestinal nematode infections in cross bred goats in the dry areas of Sri Lanka. Small Rumin Res, 40: 233-238.
  8. Falzon LC., Menzies PI., Shakya KP., Jones-Bitton A., Vanleeuwen J., Avula J., Stewart H., Jansen JT., Taylor MA., Learmount J and Peregrine AS. (2013). Anthelmintic resistance in sheep flocks in Ontario, Canada. Vet parasito, 193: 150-162.
  9. FAO (2015) The Second Report on the State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Scherf BD and Pilling D (eds). FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Assessments, Rome (available at http://www.fao.org / 3/a-i4787e/index.html).
  10. Hotez PJ., Pecoul B., Rijal S., Boehme C., Aksoy S., Malecela M., Tapia-Conyer R and Reeder JC. (2016). Eliminating the neglected tropical diseases: translational science and new technologies. PLoS negl tropl dis, 10: 0003895.
  11. Keane OM., Keegan JD., Good B., de Waal T., Fanning J., Gottstein M., Casey M., Hurley C and Sheehan M. (2014). High level of treatment failure with commonly used anthelmintics on Irish sheep farms. Irish vet journal, 67: 16.
  12. Lanusse CE, Guillermo LV and Alvarez LI (2009) Anticestodal and antitrematodal drugs. In Riviere JE and Papich MG (eds), Veterinary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 9th edn. Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell, 1104–1106.
  13. Leathwick DM and Besier RB. (2014). The management of anthelmintic resistance in grazing ruminants in Australasia-strategies and experiences. Vet Parasitol, 204: 44-54.
  14. Leathwick DM, Ganesh S, Waghorn TS. (2015). Evidence for reversion towards anthelmintic susceptibility in Teladorsagia circumcincta in response to resistance management programmes. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 5: 9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2015.01.001.
  15. Maes L., Vanparijs O and Marboom R. (1988). Abstract of the 4th Congress of the European Associationof Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology (Budapest), 2: 330.
  16. Mahieu M., Ferré B., Madassamy M and Mandonnet N. (2014). Fifteen years later, anthelmintic resistances have dramatically spread over goat farms in Guadeloupe. Vet parasitol, 205: 379-384.
  17. Rey B. (1991). Small ruminant genetic resources and parasite challenge in sub-Saharan Africa.
  18. Sales N and Love S. (2016). Resistance of Haemonchus sp. to monepantel and reduced efficacy of a derquantel/abamectin combination confirmed in sheep in NSW, Australia. Vet Parasito, 228:193-196.
  19. Santos MC, Silva BF and Amarante AFT (2012) Environmental factors influencing the transmission of Haemonchus contrortus. Vet Parasito, 188: 277–284.
  20. Selemon M. (2018) Review on control of Haemonchus contrortus in sheep and goat. J Vet Med Res, 5: 1139.
  21. Singh D, Swarnkar CP and Khan FA. (2002) Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of livestock in India. J of Veterinary Parasito, 16: 115–130.
  22. Sivajothi S and Reddy BS. (2017). Therapeutic efficacy of closantel against different gastrointestinal parasites in sheep. Arch Parasitol, 1: 111.
  23. Torres-Acosta JF, Molento M, Fau-Mendoza de Gives P, Mendoza de Gives P. (2012) Research and implementation of novel approaches for the control of nematode parasites in Latin America and the Caribbean: is there sufficient incentive for a greater extension effort? Vet Parasitol. 186: 132-142.
  24. Van den Brom R., Moll L., Kappert C and Vellema P. (2015). Haemonchus contrortus resistance to monepantel in sheep. Vet parasitol, 209: 278-280.
  25. VanWyk JA., Mayhew E. (2013).Morphological identification of parasitic nematode infective larvae of small ruminants and cattle: a practical lab guide. Onderstepoort. J Vet Res, 80: 1. https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr. v80i1.539.
  26. Westers T., Jones-Bitton A., Menzies P., Van Leeuwen J., Poljak Z and Peregrine AS. (2016). Efficacy of closantel against ivermectin-    and fenbendazole-resistant Haemonchus sp. in sheep in Ontario, Canada. Vet parasitol, 228: 30-41.
  27. Zajac AM and Conboy GA (2012) Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, 8th edn. Chichester: UK, pp. 3–170.
  28. Zhu L., Dai JL., Yang L and Qiu J. (2013). In vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of the essential oil of Artemisia lancea against Haemonchus contrortus (Strongylida). Vet. Parasitol, 195: 112-117. 
In this Article
    Contact us
    Follow us

    Editorial Board

    View all (0)