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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

Research Article

volume 53 issue 10 (october 2019) : 1354-1360,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3653

Autologous platelet rich plasma for regeneration of tendon injuries in horses

S
S. Tina Roshini
A
A. Arunprasad
B
B. Justin William
K
K. Jeyaraja
K
K. Priyadharshini
1<div style="text-align: justify;">Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600 007, Tamil Nadu, India.</div>
Cite article:- Roshini Tina S., Arunprasad A., William Justin B., Jeyaraja K., Priyadharshini K. (2019). Autologous platelet rich plasma for regeneration of tendon injuries in horses. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(10): 1354-1360. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3653.

ABSTRACT

Digital flexor tendon injuries are the most common cause of early retirement and economic loss in the equine industry due to the poor healing tendency of the tendons. This study was conducted to improve the quality of tendon healing by using Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma incorporated collagen scaffold. Using ultrasound guidance, autologous Platelet Rich Plasma with and without collagen scaffold was engrafted intra-lesionally into 12 affected digital flexor tendons of 11 horses and healing was assessed periodically. Lameness score decreased in all the horses and the therapeutic outcome of intra-lesional engraftment of Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma with collagen scaffold was found to be superior in terms of clinical outcome, ultrasonographic and biochemical assessment. Ultrasonography served as an effective tool for diagnosis and for evaluation of healing tendon injuries.

REFERENCES

  1. Anitua, E. (1999). Plasma rich in growth factors: preliminary results of use in the preparation of future site for implants. Int. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Implants, 14:529-535. 
  2. Arguelles, D., Carmona, J.U., Climent, F., Munoz, E. and Prades, M. (2008). Autologous platelet concentrates as a treatment for musculoskeletal lesions in five horses. Vet.Rec.,7: 208-211.
  3. Awad, H.A., Butler, D.L., Harris, M.T., Ibrahim E.R., Wu, Y., Young, R.G., Kadiyala, S. and Boivin, G.P. (2000). In vitro characterization of mesenchymal stem cell- seeded collagen for tendon repair: Effect of initial seeding density on contraction kinetics. J. Biomed. Mater, 51: 233-240. 
  4. Badylak, S.F., Freytes, D.O and Gilbert Y.W. (2009).Extracellular matrix as a biological scaffold material:Structure and function. Acta Biomaterialia, 5:1–13. 
  5. Bareil, R.P., Gauvin, R. and Berthod, F. (2010). Collagen-based biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Mater. Sci. Forum., 3: 1863-1887. 
  6. Bashandy, M.M., IbrahimA.K., Olemy, K.A.E., Ghoul, W.S.E.L. and Morgan, H.M. (2014). Clinicopathological, radiological and synovial fluid evaluation in common musculoskeletal affections in horses. Global Veterinaria, 13:889-897. 
  7. Bedi, A., Fox, A.J.S., Kovacevic, D., Deng, X., Warren, R.F., Rodeo, S.A. (2010). Doxycycline- mediated inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases improves healing after rotator cuff repair. Am. J. Sports Med., 38: 308-317.
  8. Caliari, S.R. and Harley, A.C. (2011). The effect of anisotropic collagen-GAG scaffolds and growth factor supplementation on tendon cell recruitment, alignment, and metabolic activity. J. Biomater. Appl., 32: 5330–5340.
  9. Castagna, A., Cesari, E., Garofalo, R., Gigante A., Conti, M., Markopoulos, N. and Maffulli, N., (2013). Matrix metalloproteases and their inhibitors are altered in torn rotator cuff tendons, but also in the macroscopically and histologically intact portion of those tendons. Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons J., 3: 132-138
  10. Caudry, V. and J.M. Denoix, (2013). Ultrasonographic examination of the palmar aspect of the horse : Digital flexor tendon and digital sheath. Equine Vet. Educ., 25: 196-203.
  11. Clegg, P.D., Sandra, S. and Smith, R.K. (2007). Cell phenotypic variation in normal and damaged tendons. Int. J. Exp. Path., 88: 227–235. 
  12. Cross, J.A., Spatny, K.P., Cole, B.J., Romeo, A., Nicholson. G., and Wagner, B. (2014). Leukocyte- reduced platelet rich plasma decreases catabolic mediators in diseased rotator cuff tendons. ORS Annual Meeting Poster No: 1905 
  13. Denoix, J.M., Crevier. N and Azevedo, C. (1991). Ultrasound examination of the pastern in horses. Proc. Am. Ass. Equine Practnrs., 31: 363-380.
  14. Dowling, B.A., Dart, A.J., Hodgson, D.R. and Smith, R.K.W. (2000). Superficial digital flexor tendonitis in the horse. Equine Vet. J., 32: 369-378.
  15. Dyson, S.J. (2004). Medical management of superficial digital flexor tendonitis: a comparative study in 219 horses (1992-2000), Equine Vet. J., 36: 415-419. 
  16. Engert, J.C., Berglund, E.B. and Rosenthal, N. (1996). Proliferation precedes differentiation in IGF-I-stimulated myogenesis. J. Cell Biol., 135: 431–440. 
  17. Filardo, G., Kon, E., Di Matteo, A., Di Matteo, B., Merli, L. and Cennacchi, A. (2012). Platelet-rich plasma vs hyaluronic acid to treat knee degeneration pathology: study design and preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial. B.M.C Musculoskelet Disord., 13:229.
  18. Gao, H., Lambi, A.G., Fisher, P.W., Amin, M., Barr, A.E. and Barbe, M.F. (2012). Persistent low-grade inflammation and degenerative tendon changes parallel grip strength declines in rats performing a moderate demand repetitive task for 18 weeks. ORS., Poster No. 1905.
  19. Giusti, I., Ascenzo, S. D., Mancò, A., Stefano, G.D., Francesco, M.D., Rughetti, A., DalMas, A., Properzi, G., Calvisi, V. and Dolo, V. (2014). Platelet concentration in Platelet-Rich Plasma affects tenocyte behavior in vitro. Int. J. Biomed. Res., 2014: 1-12. 
  20. Goodship, A.E., Silver, I.A. and Wilson, A.M. (1994). The pathobiology and repair of tendon and ligament injury. Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract., 10: 323-49. 0o
  21. Graziani, F., Ivanovski, S., Cei, S., Ducci, F. and Tonetti, M. (2006). The in vitro effect of different PRP concentrations on osteoblasts    and fibroblasts. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 17: 212-219.
  22. Halpen, B.C., Chaudhury, S. and Rodeo, S.A.( 2012). The role of Platelet-Rich plasma in musculoskeletal tissue healing. H.S.S.J., 8: 137-145. 
  23. Harrison. S., Vavken, P., Kevy, S., Jacobson, M., Zurakowski, D., and Murray, M.M. (2011). Platelet activation by collagen provides sustained release of anabolic cytokines. Am. J. Sports Med., 39: 729–734
  24. Henninger, R. (1994). Treatment of superficial digital flexor tendinitis. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Equine Pract., 10: 409-424.
  25. Maia, L., Veronica de Souza, M., Ribriro, J.L., Oliverira, A.C., Alves, G.S.E., Benjamin, L., Silva, R., Zandim, B.M. and Moreira, L.(2009). Platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of induced tendinopathy in horses: Histologic evaluation. J. Equine Vet. Sci., 29:618-625.
  26. Majewski, M., Ochsner, P.E., Liu, F.J., Fluckiger, R. and Evans, C.H. (2009). Accelerated healing of the rat achilles tendon in response to autologous conditioned serum. Am. J. Sports Med., 37: 2117–2125. 
  27. Mishra, A., and Pavelko, T., (2006). Treatment of chronic elbow tendinosis with buffered platelet-Rich Plasma. Am. J. Sports Med., 34: 1774-1778. 
  28. Obaid, H. and Connell, D. (2010). Cell therapy in tendon disorders what is the current evidence? Am. J. Sports Med., 38: 2123–2132. 
  29. Perazzi, A., Busetto, R., Martinello, T., Drigo, M., Pasotto, D., Cian, F., Patruno, M., and Lacopetti, I. (2013). Description of a double centrifugation tube method for concention canine platelets. B.M.C. Vet. Res., 9: 146.
  30. Punduk, Z., Oral, O., Ozkayin, N., Rahman, K., and Vanor, R. (2014). Single dose of intra-muscular Platelet Rich Plasma reverses the increase in plasma iron levels in exercised-induced muscle damage: A Pilot Study. J.S.H.S., 5: 1-6. 
  31. Reef, V.B., Martin, B. and Elser, A. (1988). Types of tendon and ligament injuries detected with diagnostic ultrasound: description and follow-up. Proc.34th Ann. Conv. Asso. Equine Pract., 279.
  32. Renzi ,S., Ricco, S., Dotti, S., Sesso, L., Grolli, S., Cornali, M., Carlin, S., Patruno, M., Cinotti, S., and Ferrari, M. (2013). Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal Stromal cells for regeneration of injured equine ligament and tendons: A clinical report. Research in Vet. Sci.,272-277. 
  33. Riley, G.P., Curry, V., DeGroot, J., El, B.V., Verzijl, N., Hazleman, B.L. and Bank, R.A. (2002). Matrix metalloproteinase activities and their relationship with collagen remodelling in tendon pathology, Matrix Biology, 21: 185–195. 
  34. Smith, R.K.W. and Goodship, A.E. (2004). Tendon and ligament physiology in: Hinchcliffe. E.S.M.S.,Saunders.
  35. Torricelli, P., Fini, M., Filardo, G., Tschon, M., Pischedda, M., Pacorini, A., Kon, E. and Giardino, R. (2011). Regenerative medicine for the treatment of musculoskeletal overuse in competitive Horses, Int. Orthop. (SICO), 35: 1569-1576.
  36. Waselau, M., Sutter, W.W., Grenovese, R.L. and Bertone, A.J. (2008). Intralesional injection of Platelet Rich Plasma followed by controlled exercise for treatment of mid body suspensory ligament desmitis in Standardbred racehorses. J.A.V.M.A., 232: 1515- 1520.
  37. Young, R.G., Butler, D.L., Weber, W., Caplan, A.I., Gordon, S.L. and Fink, D.J. (1998). Use of mesenchymal stem cells in a collagen matrix for achilles tendon repair. J. Orthop. Res., 16: 406-413.
  38. Yuan, T., Zhang, C.Q. and Wang, H.C. (2013). Augmenting tendon and ligament repair with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). M.L.T.J., 3: 139-149. 
  39. Zhang, F., Wang, A., Li, Z., He, S. and Shao, L. (2011). Preparation and characterisation of collagen from freshwater fish scales. Food Nutr. Sci., 2: 818-823. 
Published In
Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 10 (october 2019) : 1354-1360,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3653

    Autologous platelet rich plasma for regeneration of tendon injuries in horses

    S
    S. Tina Roshini
    A
    A. Arunprasad
    B
    B. Justin William
    K
    K. Jeyaraja
    K
    K. Priyadharshini
    1<div style="text-align: justify;">Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600 007, Tamil Nadu, India.</div>
    Cite article:- Roshini Tina S., Arunprasad A., William Justin B., Jeyaraja K., Priyadharshini K. (2019). Autologous platelet rich plasma for regeneration of tendon injuries in horses. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(10): 1354-1360. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3653.

    ABSTRACT

    Digital flexor tendon injuries are the most common cause of early retirement and economic loss in the equine industry due to the poor healing tendency of the tendons. This study was conducted to improve the quality of tendon healing by using Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma incorporated collagen scaffold. Using ultrasound guidance, autologous Platelet Rich Plasma with and without collagen scaffold was engrafted intra-lesionally into 12 affected digital flexor tendons of 11 horses and healing was assessed periodically. Lameness score decreased in all the horses and the therapeutic outcome of intra-lesional engraftment of Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma with collagen scaffold was found to be superior in terms of clinical outcome, ultrasonographic and biochemical assessment. Ultrasonography served as an effective tool for diagnosis and for evaluation of healing tendon injuries.

    REFERENCES

    1. Anitua, E. (1999). Plasma rich in growth factors: preliminary results of use in the preparation of future site for implants. Int. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Implants, 14:529-535. 
    2. Arguelles, D., Carmona, J.U., Climent, F., Munoz, E. and Prades, M. (2008). Autologous platelet concentrates as a treatment for musculoskeletal lesions in five horses. Vet.Rec.,7: 208-211.
    3. Awad, H.A., Butler, D.L., Harris, M.T., Ibrahim E.R., Wu, Y., Young, R.G., Kadiyala, S. and Boivin, G.P. (2000). In vitro characterization of mesenchymal stem cell- seeded collagen for tendon repair: Effect of initial seeding density on contraction kinetics. J. Biomed. Mater, 51: 233-240. 
    4. Badylak, S.F., Freytes, D.O and Gilbert Y.W. (2009).Extracellular matrix as a biological scaffold material:Structure and function. Acta Biomaterialia, 5:1–13. 
    5. Bareil, R.P., Gauvin, R. and Berthod, F. (2010). Collagen-based biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Mater. Sci. Forum., 3: 1863-1887. 
    6. Bashandy, M.M., IbrahimA.K., Olemy, K.A.E., Ghoul, W.S.E.L. and Morgan, H.M. (2014). Clinicopathological, radiological and synovial fluid evaluation in common musculoskeletal affections in horses. Global Veterinaria, 13:889-897. 
    7. Bedi, A., Fox, A.J.S., Kovacevic, D., Deng, X., Warren, R.F., Rodeo, S.A. (2010). Doxycycline- mediated inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases improves healing after rotator cuff repair. Am. J. Sports Med., 38: 308-317.
    8. Caliari, S.R. and Harley, A.C. (2011). The effect of anisotropic collagen-GAG scaffolds and growth factor supplementation on tendon cell recruitment, alignment, and metabolic activity. J. Biomater. Appl., 32: 5330–5340.
    9. Castagna, A., Cesari, E., Garofalo, R., Gigante A., Conti, M., Markopoulos, N. and Maffulli, N., (2013). Matrix metalloproteases and their inhibitors are altered in torn rotator cuff tendons, but also in the macroscopically and histologically intact portion of those tendons. Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons J., 3: 132-138
    10. Caudry, V. and J.M. Denoix, (2013). Ultrasonographic examination of the palmar aspect of the horse : Digital flexor tendon and digital sheath. Equine Vet. Educ., 25: 196-203.
    11. Clegg, P.D., Sandra, S. and Smith, R.K. (2007). Cell phenotypic variation in normal and damaged tendons. Int. J. Exp. Path., 88: 227–235. 
    12. Cross, J.A., Spatny, K.P., Cole, B.J., Romeo, A., Nicholson. G., and Wagner, B. (2014). Leukocyte- reduced platelet rich plasma decreases catabolic mediators in diseased rotator cuff tendons. ORS Annual Meeting Poster No: 1905 
    13. Denoix, J.M., Crevier. N and Azevedo, C. (1991). Ultrasound examination of the pastern in horses. Proc. Am. Ass. Equine Practnrs., 31: 363-380.
    14. Dowling, B.A., Dart, A.J., Hodgson, D.R. and Smith, R.K.W. (2000). Superficial digital flexor tendonitis in the horse. Equine Vet. J., 32: 369-378.
    15. Dyson, S.J. (2004). Medical management of superficial digital flexor tendonitis: a comparative study in 219 horses (1992-2000), Equine Vet. J., 36: 415-419. 
    16. Engert, J.C., Berglund, E.B. and Rosenthal, N. (1996). Proliferation precedes differentiation in IGF-I-stimulated myogenesis. J. Cell Biol., 135: 431–440. 
    17. Filardo, G., Kon, E., Di Matteo, A., Di Matteo, B., Merli, L. and Cennacchi, A. (2012). Platelet-rich plasma vs hyaluronic acid to treat knee degeneration pathology: study design and preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial. B.M.C Musculoskelet Disord., 13:229.
    18. Gao, H., Lambi, A.G., Fisher, P.W., Amin, M., Barr, A.E. and Barbe, M.F. (2012). Persistent low-grade inflammation and degenerative tendon changes parallel grip strength declines in rats performing a moderate demand repetitive task for 18 weeks. ORS., Poster No. 1905.
    19. Giusti, I., Ascenzo, S. D., Mancò, A., Stefano, G.D., Francesco, M.D., Rughetti, A., DalMas, A., Properzi, G., Calvisi, V. and Dolo, V. (2014). Platelet concentration in Platelet-Rich Plasma affects tenocyte behavior in vitro. Int. J. Biomed. Res., 2014: 1-12. 
    20. Goodship, A.E., Silver, I.A. and Wilson, A.M. (1994). The pathobiology and repair of tendon and ligament injury. Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract., 10: 323-49. 0o
    21. Graziani, F., Ivanovski, S., Cei, S., Ducci, F. and Tonetti, M. (2006). The in vitro effect of different PRP concentrations on osteoblasts    and fibroblasts. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 17: 212-219.
    22. Halpen, B.C., Chaudhury, S. and Rodeo, S.A.( 2012). The role of Platelet-Rich plasma in musculoskeletal tissue healing. H.S.S.J., 8: 137-145. 
    23. Harrison. S., Vavken, P., Kevy, S., Jacobson, M., Zurakowski, D., and Murray, M.M. (2011). Platelet activation by collagen provides sustained release of anabolic cytokines. Am. J. Sports Med., 39: 729–734
    24. Henninger, R. (1994). Treatment of superficial digital flexor tendinitis. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Equine Pract., 10: 409-424.
    25. Maia, L., Veronica de Souza, M., Ribriro, J.L., Oliverira, A.C., Alves, G.S.E., Benjamin, L., Silva, R., Zandim, B.M. and Moreira, L.(2009). Platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of induced tendinopathy in horses: Histologic evaluation. J. Equine Vet. Sci., 29:618-625.
    26. Majewski, M., Ochsner, P.E., Liu, F.J., Fluckiger, R. and Evans, C.H. (2009). Accelerated healing of the rat achilles tendon in response to autologous conditioned serum. Am. J. Sports Med., 37: 2117–2125. 
    27. Mishra, A., and Pavelko, T., (2006). Treatment of chronic elbow tendinosis with buffered platelet-Rich Plasma. Am. J. Sports Med., 34: 1774-1778. 
    28. Obaid, H. and Connell, D. (2010). Cell therapy in tendon disorders what is the current evidence? Am. J. Sports Med., 38: 2123–2132. 
    29. Perazzi, A., Busetto, R., Martinello, T., Drigo, M., Pasotto, D., Cian, F., Patruno, M., and Lacopetti, I. (2013). Description of a double centrifugation tube method for concention canine platelets. B.M.C. Vet. Res., 9: 146.
    30. Punduk, Z., Oral, O., Ozkayin, N., Rahman, K., and Vanor, R. (2014). Single dose of intra-muscular Platelet Rich Plasma reverses the increase in plasma iron levels in exercised-induced muscle damage: A Pilot Study. J.S.H.S., 5: 1-6. 
    31. Reef, V.B., Martin, B. and Elser, A. (1988). Types of tendon and ligament injuries detected with diagnostic ultrasound: description and follow-up. Proc.34th Ann. Conv. Asso. Equine Pract., 279.
    32. Renzi ,S., Ricco, S., Dotti, S., Sesso, L., Grolli, S., Cornali, M., Carlin, S., Patruno, M., Cinotti, S., and Ferrari, M. (2013). Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal Stromal cells for regeneration of injured equine ligament and tendons: A clinical report. Research in Vet. Sci.,272-277. 
    33. Riley, G.P., Curry, V., DeGroot, J., El, B.V., Verzijl, N., Hazleman, B.L. and Bank, R.A. (2002). Matrix metalloproteinase activities and their relationship with collagen remodelling in tendon pathology, Matrix Biology, 21: 185–195. 
    34. Smith, R.K.W. and Goodship, A.E. (2004). Tendon and ligament physiology in: Hinchcliffe. E.S.M.S.,Saunders.
    35. Torricelli, P., Fini, M., Filardo, G., Tschon, M., Pischedda, M., Pacorini, A., Kon, E. and Giardino, R. (2011). Regenerative medicine for the treatment of musculoskeletal overuse in competitive Horses, Int. Orthop. (SICO), 35: 1569-1576.
    36. Waselau, M., Sutter, W.W., Grenovese, R.L. and Bertone, A.J. (2008). Intralesional injection of Platelet Rich Plasma followed by controlled exercise for treatment of mid body suspensory ligament desmitis in Standardbred racehorses. J.A.V.M.A., 232: 1515- 1520.
    37. Young, R.G., Butler, D.L., Weber, W., Caplan, A.I., Gordon, S.L. and Fink, D.J. (1998). Use of mesenchymal stem cells in a collagen matrix for achilles tendon repair. J. Orthop. Res., 16: 406-413.
    38. Yuan, T., Zhang, C.Q. and Wang, H.C. (2013). Augmenting tendon and ligament repair with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). M.L.T.J., 3: 139-149. 
    39. Zhang, F., Wang, A., Li, Z., He, S. and Shao, L. (2011). Preparation and characterisation of collagen from freshwater fish scales. Food Nutr. Sci., 2: 818-823. 
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