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Research Article

volume 53 issue 2 (february 2019) : 168-172,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3486

Optimum age at first semen freezing in relation to fertility of Sahiwal breeding bulls

B
B.C. Naha
A
A.K. Chakravarty
M
M.A. Mir
M
M. Bhakat
R
Ramendra Das
B
B.L. Saini
P
P. Boro
1Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Haryana, India.
Cite article:- Naha B.C., Chakravarty A.K., Mir M.A., Bhakat M., Das Ramendra, Saini B.L., Boro P. (2018). Optimum age at first semen freezing in relation to fertility of Sahiwal breeding bulls. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(2): 168-172. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3486.

ABSTRACT

Early selection of bulls having optimum age at first semen freezing play an important role in improving reproductive performance in a dairy herd. Twenty seven years data (1987-2013)  on age at first semen freezing (AAFSF), conception rate based on first A.I. (CRFAI) , overall conception rate (OCR) and birth weight (B.WT) of 41 Sahiwal bulls belonging to 8 sets of Sahiwal improvement programme at ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India; were adjusted against environmental effects and subsequently analysed. Simple and multiple regression models were used for prediction of CRFAI and OCR of Sahiwal bulls. Among the three developed models (I to III), it was observed that Model III having age at first semen freezing and birth weight fulfil the accuracy of model i.e.; having high coefficient of determination (R2) value (CRFAI = 67% and OCR= 69%), low mean error sum of square (MSSe), low conceptual predictive value (CP value) and low Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The results revealed that optimum age at first semen freezing of Sahiwal bulls should be 2.5 - 3.0 years for 3.10% higher conception rate based on first A.I. (48.86%) and 4.39% higher overall conception rate (48.78%) in comparison to Sahiwal bulls with more than 3.5 years of age (CRFAI :-  45.76% and OCR :- 44.39%). 

REFERENCES

  1. Ahmad E, Ahmad N, Naseer Z, Aleem M, Sarwar KM, Ashiq M, Younis M. (2011). Relationship of age to body weight, scrotal circumference, testicular ultra-sonograms, and semen quality in Sahiwal bulls. Trop Anim Health Prod. 43: 159–164. 
  2. Ahmad M, Asmat, MT, Rehman N. (2003). Semen characteristics of Sahiwal bulls in relation to age and season. Pak Vet J. 23: 202–206.
  3. Ahmad M, Asmat MT, Rehman N. (2005). Relationship of testicular size and libido to age and season in Sahiwal bulls. Pak Vet J. 25: 67–70.
  4. Akaike H. (1974). A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. 19: 716-723.
  5. Almquist JO. (1978). Bull semen collection procedures to maximize output of sperm. Proc. 7th Tech. Conf. Artificial Insemination Reproduction Natl. Assoc. Anim. Breeders, Columbia, MO. pp 33–36.
  6. Amann RP, Almquist, JO. (1976). Bull management to maximize sperm output. Proc. 6th Tech. Conf. Artificial Insemination Reproduction Natl. Assoc. Anim. Breeders, Columbia, MO. pp. 1–10.
  7. Anonymous (2012). Annual Report (2012- 2013). National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India. 
  8. Bhakat M, Mohanty TK, Raina, VS, Gupta AK, Khan HM, Mahapatra RK, Sarkar M. (2011). Effect of age and season on semen quality parameters in Sahiwal bulls. Trop Anim Health Prod. 43(6): 1161-1168.
  9. Bhosrekar MR, Purohit JR, Gokhale, SB, Mangurkar, BR.(1992a). Semen characteristics and behavioural pattern of buffalo bulls in relation to age and season. J Dairy Sci. 62: 251–255.
  10. Bhosrekar MR, Purohit JR, Gokhale SB, Mangurkar BR. (1992b). Effect of seasons on production performanceof surti buffalo bulls. Indian J Anim Sci. 62: 443–447.
  11. Biswas TK, Bhattacharya TK, Narayan AD, Badola S, Kumar P, Sharma A. (2003). Growth hormone gene polymorphism and its effects on birth weight in cattle and buffalo. Asian Austral J Anim.16: 494-497.
  12. Chenoweth PJ. (1981). Libido and mating behavior in bulls, boars and rams: a review. Theriogenology. 16: 155–177.
  13. Dhami, AJ, Kodagali, SB. (1988). Seminal characteristics and their interrelationship in surti buffalo. Indian Vet J. 65: 61–64.
  14. Hamilton T. (2009). Beef bulls fertility. Beef cattle production systems program lead, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Ontario, Canada. pp. 410-420.
  15. Harvey WR. (1990). Mixed model least-squares and maximum likelihood computer programme. Mimeograph Ohio State University, Columbia, USA.
  16. Javed MT, Khan A, Kausar R. (2000). Effect of age and season on some semen parameters of Nili-Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls. Vet Arch. 70: 83–94.
  17. Kramer CY. (1957). Extension of multiple range tests to group correlated adjusted means. Biometrics. 13: 13-18.
  18. Kuhn MT, Hutchison JL. (2008). Prediction of dairy bull fertility from field data: use of multiple services and identification and utilization of factors affecting bull fertility. J Dairy Sci. 91: 2481-2492
  19. Kuhn MT, Hutchison JL, Wiggans GR. (2006). Characterization of Holstein heifer fertility in the United States. J Dairy Sci. 89: 4907-4920.
  20. Mallows CL. (1973). Some Comments on CP. Technometrics 15: 661-675.
  21. Mukhopadhyay CS, Gupta AK, Yadav BR, Khate K, Raina VS, Mohanty TK, Dubey PP. (2010). Subfertility in Males: An Important Cause of Bull Disposal in Bovines. Asian Austral J Anim. 23: 450-455.
  22. Murugan RT, Raman KS. (2003). Influence of age and body weight on semen production traits in Murrah bulls. Indian J Anim Sci. 3: 767–768.
  23. Nordin W, Hilimi M, Bongso, TA. (1990). Semen characteristics related to age in buffalo bulls. Int J Androl. 13: 337–343.
  24. Pant HC, Sharma RK, Patel SH, Shukla HR, Mittal AK, Kasiraj R, Mishra AK, Prabhakar JH. (2003). Theriogenology 60: 27-34.
  25. Rao CV, Rao AVN. (1995). Puberty and Semen Production period in breeding bulls. Indian Vet J. 72: 885-886.
  26. Schwarz GE. (1978). Estimating the dimension of a model. Annals of Statistics 6: 461-464.
  27. Singh P, Dahiya SS, Chauhan TR, Sajjan S, Kumar B, Sharma RK, Inderjeet S. (2004). Effect of feeding different sources of rumen undegradable protein on sexual maturity and semen production in buffalo bulls. Indian Buffalo J. 2: 74-77.
  28. VanDemark NL, Boyd LJ, Baker FN. (1956). Potential services of a bull frequently ejaculated for consecutive years. J Dairy Sci. 39: 1071-1072.
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    Research Article

    volume 53 issue 2 (february 2019) : 168-172,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3486

    Optimum age at first semen freezing in relation to fertility of Sahiwal breeding bulls

    B
    B.C. Naha
    A
    A.K. Chakravarty
    M
    M.A. Mir
    M
    M. Bhakat
    R
    Ramendra Das
    B
    B.L. Saini
    P
    P. Boro
    1Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Haryana, India.
    Cite article:- Naha B.C., Chakravarty A.K., Mir M.A., Bhakat M., Das Ramendra, Saini B.L., Boro P. (2018). Optimum age at first semen freezing in relation to fertility of Sahiwal breeding bulls. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(2): 168-172. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3486.

    ABSTRACT

    Early selection of bulls having optimum age at first semen freezing play an important role in improving reproductive performance in a dairy herd. Twenty seven years data (1987-2013)  on age at first semen freezing (AAFSF), conception rate based on first A.I. (CRFAI) , overall conception rate (OCR) and birth weight (B.WT) of 41 Sahiwal bulls belonging to 8 sets of Sahiwal improvement programme at ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India; were adjusted against environmental effects and subsequently analysed. Simple and multiple regression models were used for prediction of CRFAI and OCR of Sahiwal bulls. Among the three developed models (I to III), it was observed that Model III having age at first semen freezing and birth weight fulfil the accuracy of model i.e.; having high coefficient of determination (R2) value (CRFAI = 67% and OCR= 69%), low mean error sum of square (MSSe), low conceptual predictive value (CP value) and low Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The results revealed that optimum age at first semen freezing of Sahiwal bulls should be 2.5 - 3.0 years for 3.10% higher conception rate based on first A.I. (48.86%) and 4.39% higher overall conception rate (48.78%) in comparison to Sahiwal bulls with more than 3.5 years of age (CRFAI :-  45.76% and OCR :- 44.39%). 

    REFERENCES

    1. Ahmad E, Ahmad N, Naseer Z, Aleem M, Sarwar KM, Ashiq M, Younis M. (2011). Relationship of age to body weight, scrotal circumference, testicular ultra-sonograms, and semen quality in Sahiwal bulls. Trop Anim Health Prod. 43: 159–164. 
    2. Ahmad M, Asmat, MT, Rehman N. (2003). Semen characteristics of Sahiwal bulls in relation to age and season. Pak Vet J. 23: 202–206.
    3. Ahmad M, Asmat MT, Rehman N. (2005). Relationship of testicular size and libido to age and season in Sahiwal bulls. Pak Vet J. 25: 67–70.
    4. Akaike H. (1974). A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. 19: 716-723.
    5. Almquist JO. (1978). Bull semen collection procedures to maximize output of sperm. Proc. 7th Tech. Conf. Artificial Insemination Reproduction Natl. Assoc. Anim. Breeders, Columbia, MO. pp 33–36.
    6. Amann RP, Almquist, JO. (1976). Bull management to maximize sperm output. Proc. 6th Tech. Conf. Artificial Insemination Reproduction Natl. Assoc. Anim. Breeders, Columbia, MO. pp. 1–10.
    7. Anonymous (2012). Annual Report (2012- 2013). National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India. 
    8. Bhakat M, Mohanty TK, Raina, VS, Gupta AK, Khan HM, Mahapatra RK, Sarkar M. (2011). Effect of age and season on semen quality parameters in Sahiwal bulls. Trop Anim Health Prod. 43(6): 1161-1168.
    9. Bhosrekar MR, Purohit JR, Gokhale, SB, Mangurkar, BR.(1992a). Semen characteristics and behavioural pattern of buffalo bulls in relation to age and season. J Dairy Sci. 62: 251–255.
    10. Bhosrekar MR, Purohit JR, Gokhale SB, Mangurkar BR. (1992b). Effect of seasons on production performanceof surti buffalo bulls. Indian J Anim Sci. 62: 443–447.
    11. Biswas TK, Bhattacharya TK, Narayan AD, Badola S, Kumar P, Sharma A. (2003). Growth hormone gene polymorphism and its effects on birth weight in cattle and buffalo. Asian Austral J Anim.16: 494-497.
    12. Chenoweth PJ. (1981). Libido and mating behavior in bulls, boars and rams: a review. Theriogenology. 16: 155–177.
    13. Dhami, AJ, Kodagali, SB. (1988). Seminal characteristics and their interrelationship in surti buffalo. Indian Vet J. 65: 61–64.
    14. Hamilton T. (2009). Beef bulls fertility. Beef cattle production systems program lead, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Ontario, Canada. pp. 410-420.
    15. Harvey WR. (1990). Mixed model least-squares and maximum likelihood computer programme. Mimeograph Ohio State University, Columbia, USA.
    16. Javed MT, Khan A, Kausar R. (2000). Effect of age and season on some semen parameters of Nili-Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls. Vet Arch. 70: 83–94.
    17. Kramer CY. (1957). Extension of multiple range tests to group correlated adjusted means. Biometrics. 13: 13-18.
    18. Kuhn MT, Hutchison JL. (2008). Prediction of dairy bull fertility from field data: use of multiple services and identification and utilization of factors affecting bull fertility. J Dairy Sci. 91: 2481-2492
    19. Kuhn MT, Hutchison JL, Wiggans GR. (2006). Characterization of Holstein heifer fertility in the United States. J Dairy Sci. 89: 4907-4920.
    20. Mallows CL. (1973). Some Comments on CP. Technometrics 15: 661-675.
    21. Mukhopadhyay CS, Gupta AK, Yadav BR, Khate K, Raina VS, Mohanty TK, Dubey PP. (2010). Subfertility in Males: An Important Cause of Bull Disposal in Bovines. Asian Austral J Anim. 23: 450-455.
    22. Murugan RT, Raman KS. (2003). Influence of age and body weight on semen production traits in Murrah bulls. Indian J Anim Sci. 3: 767–768.
    23. Nordin W, Hilimi M, Bongso, TA. (1990). Semen characteristics related to age in buffalo bulls. Int J Androl. 13: 337–343.
    24. Pant HC, Sharma RK, Patel SH, Shukla HR, Mittal AK, Kasiraj R, Mishra AK, Prabhakar JH. (2003). Theriogenology 60: 27-34.
    25. Rao CV, Rao AVN. (1995). Puberty and Semen Production period in breeding bulls. Indian Vet J. 72: 885-886.
    26. Schwarz GE. (1978). Estimating the dimension of a model. Annals of Statistics 6: 461-464.
    27. Singh P, Dahiya SS, Chauhan TR, Sajjan S, Kumar B, Sharma RK, Inderjeet S. (2004). Effect of feeding different sources of rumen undegradable protein on sexual maturity and semen production in buffalo bulls. Indian Buffalo J. 2: 74-77.
    28. VanDemark NL, Boyd LJ, Baker FN. (1956). Potential services of a bull frequently ejaculated for consecutive years. J Dairy Sci. 39: 1071-1072.
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