Indian Journal of Animal Research

  • Chief EditorK.M.L. Pathak

  • Print ISSN 0367-6722

  • Online ISSN 0976-0555

  • NAAS Rating 6.50

  • SJR 0.263

  • Impact Factor 0.4 (2024)

Frequency :
Monthly (January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December)
Indexing Services :
Science Citation Index Expanded, BIOSIS Preview, ISI Citation Index, Biological Abstracts, Scopus, AGRICOLA, Google Scholar, CrossRef, CAB Abstracting Journals, Chemical Abstracts, Indian Science Abstracts, EBSCO Indexing Services, Index Copernicus
Submit

Research Article

Indian Journal of Animal Research, volume 52 issue 10 (october 2018) : 1462-1468

Ameliorative efficacy of citrus oil in aflatoxin induced changes in lymphoid organs in broilers-A pathomorphological evaluation

D. Senthilkumar, Suguna Rao, M.L. Satyanarayana, P.G. Pradeep Kumar, N. Anitha
1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, Bangalore-560 024, Karnataka, India
Cite article:- Senthilkumar D., Rao Suguna, Satyanarayana M.L., Kumar Pradeep P.G., Anitha N. (2018). Ameliorative efficacy of citrus oil in aflatoxin induced changes in lymphoid organs in broilers-A pathomorphological evaluation. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 52(10): 1462-1468. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3385.

ABSTRACT

A total of 160 day-old broiler chicks were divided randomly into four groups with two replicates of 20 birds each. The birds were fed with basal diet, basal diet with CFO, basal diet with aflatoxin, basal diet with CFO and AF. Serum globulin level was significantly reduced in birds fed with AF only on 14th day of treatment. Microscopically, mild degree of congestion, histiocytosis and cellular sparcity of the periarteriolar lymphoid component were observed in the spleen whereas lymphoid cell depletion in thymus and bursal follicles were prominent. Additionally, thymus revealed moderate degree of congestion and haemorrhages in widened medulla, histiocytosis and degeneration of Hassall’s corpuscles. In CFO and AF fed birds, the extent and degree of lesions were lesser with compact arrangement of lymphoid cell with widening of cortex was observed mainly during later days of experiment. There was widening of lymphoid component of caecal tonsils up to mucosal layer in CFO fed birds. 

REFERENCES

  1. AOAC (2000) Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed.Washington, DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
  2. Asplin, F. D., and Carnaghan. R. B. A. (1961)The toxicity of certain groundnut meals for poultry with special reference to their effect on ducklings and chickens. Vet. Record 73: 1215-1219.
  3. Bakshi, C.S., Sikdar and Chattopadhyay A.(1997) Experimental aflatoxicosis in commercial broilers pathomorphological studies. Indian J. Vet. Pathol., 19: 112-115.
  4. Celik, I., Oguz, H., Demet, O., Donmez, H. H., Boydak, M. and Sur. E. (2000) Efficacy of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone in reducing the immunotoxicity of aflatoxin in growing broilers. Br. Poult. Sci. 41, no. 4 430-439.
  5. Devegowda, G., Aravind, B. I. R., Rajendra, K., Morton, M. G., Baburathna, A. and Sudarshan. A C. (1994) Biological approach to counteract aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens and ducklings by the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures added to feed. Proc. Alltech’s 10. 235-245.
  6. Devegowda, G., Raju, M. V. L. N., Nazar Afzali, and Swamy. (H. V. L. N. 1998) Mycotoxin picture worldwide: novel solutions for their counteraction. Feed Compounder (U. K).
  7. Diaz, G. J., Murcia, H. W. and Cepeda. S. M. (2010) Bioactivation of aflatoxin B1 by turkey liver microsomes: responsible cytochrome P450 enzymes. Br. Poult. Sci. 51, 828-837. 
  8. Dietert, R.R., Qureshi, M., Nanna, U.C. and Bloom, S.E., (1985). Embryonic exposure to aflatoxin B1: Mutagenicity and influence on development and immunity. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 7(5), 715-725.
  9. Evans, Donald L., Miller, Doris M., Jacobsen, Karen L. and Bush. Parshall B. (1987) Modulation of immune responses in mice by d limonene. J. Toxicol. Environ H., Part A Current Issues 20, 51-66.
  10. Friedman, M. and Rasooly, R., (2013). Review of the inhibition of biological activities of food-related selected toxins by natural compounds. Toxins, 5(4), 743-775.
  11. Giambrone, J. J., Diener, U. L., Davis, N. D., Panangala, V. S. and Hoerr. F. J. (1985) Effects of purified aflatoxin on broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 64, 852-858.
  12. Hamada, M., Kayoko U., Junko M., Shigeru Y., and Yasuo K. (2002) Distribution and immune responses resulting from oral administration of D-limonene in rats. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 48, 155-160.
  13. Herzallah, Saqer M. (2009) Determination of aflatoxins in eggs, milk, meat and meat products using HPLC fluorescent and UV detectors. Food Chem. 114, 1141-1146.
  14. Hilton, H.M., Corrier, D.E., Huff, W.E., Kubena, l.F. and Harvey, R.E., (1989) Ultra structure of hepatic and renal lesions in chickens fed with aflatoxins. Am. J. Vet. Res., 50, 771-777.
  15. Huff, W. E., Harvey, R. B., Kubena, L. F. and Rottinghaus. G. E. (1988) Toxic synergism between aflatoxin and T-2 toxin in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 67, 1418-1423. 
  16. Kalorey, D.R., Sakhare, P.S. and Kurkure, N.V., (2005) Effect of toxiroak on immunological response during induced mycotoxicois in broilers. Indian Vet. J., 82, 486-489. 
  17. Kececi, T., Oguz, H., Kurtoglu, V. and Demet. O. (1998) Effects of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, synthetic zeolite and bentonite on serum biochemical and haematological characters of broiler chickens during aflatoxicosis. Br. Poult. Sci. 39, 452-458.
  18. Kubena, L.F., Harvey, R.B., Phillips, T.D., Corrier, D.E. and Huff, W.E., (1990). Diminution of aflatoxicosis in growing chickens by dietary addition of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate. Poult. Sci., 69: 729-735.
  19. Kubena, L.F., Edrington, T.S., Kamps-Hottzapple, C., Harvey, R.B., Elissalde, M.H. and Rottinghaus, G.E., (1995). Effect of feeding fumonisin B1 present in Fusarium Moniliforme culture material and aflatoxin singly and in combination to Turkey poults. Poult. Sci., 74: 1295-1303.
  20. Kumar, D. Senthil, Suguna Rao, M. L. Satyanarayana, Pradeep Kumar, P.G and Anitha. N. (2015) Amelioration of hepatotoxicity induced by aflatoxin using citrus fruit oil in broilers (Gallus domesticus). Toxicol. Indian Health 31: 974-981.
  21. Ledoux, D.R., Rottinghaus, G.E., Bormudez, A.J. and Alonsodebolt, M., (1999) Efficacy of sodium calcium aluminosilicate to ameliorate the toxic effects of aflatoxin in broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 78: 204-210. 
  22. Luna, A.G., (1968), Manual of Histologic Staining Methods, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 3rd Edn. McGraw Hill Book Co., London.
  23. McKenzie, K. S., Kubena, L. F., Denvir, A. J., Rogers, T. D., Hitchens, G. D., Bailey, R. H., Harvey, R. B., Buckley, S. A. and Phillips. T. D. (1998) Aflatoxicosis in turkey poults is prevented by treatment of naturally contaminated corn with ozone generated by electrolysis. Poult. Sci. 77: 1094-1102., 
  24. Mohanaraju, B.A., (1990). Incidence and pathology of fatty liver and kidney syndrome in broilers and experimental studies in relation to aflatoxicosis and induced deficiencies. M.V.Sc. thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Bangalore.
  25. Murcia, Hansen W., Díaz, Gonzalo J. and Cepeda. Sandra Milena (2011) Enzymatic activity in turkey, duck, quail and chicken liver microsomes against four human cytochrome P450 prototype substrates and aflatoxin B1. J. Xenobiotics 1: 4.
  26. Neldon-Ortiz, Donna L., and Muquarrab A. Qureshi. (1992) Effects of AFB 1 embryonic exposure on chicken mononuclear phagocytic cell functions. Dev. and Comp. Immunol. 16: 187-196.
  27. National Research Council (NRC) (1994) Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 44–45.
  28. Oðuz, H., Kurtoðlu, F., Kurtoðlu, V. and Býrdane. Y. O. (2002) Evaluation of biochemical characters of broiler chickens during dietary aflatoxin (50 and 100ppb) and clinoptilolite exposure. Res. Vet. Sci. 73: 101-103.
  29. Oguz, H., Hadimli, H. H.. Kurtoglu, V and Erganis. O. (2003) Evaluation of humoral immunity of broilers during chronic aflatoxin (50 and 100 ppb) and clinoptilolite exposure. Revue de médecine vétérinaire 154: 483-486.
  30. Ortatatli, M., and Oðuz. H. (2001) Ameliorative effects of dietary clinoptilolite on pathological changes in broiler chickens during aflatoxicosis. Res. . Vet. Sci. 71: 59-66.
  31. Ortatatli, M., Oðuz, H., Hatipoðlu, F. and Karaman. M. (2005) Evaluation of pathological changes in broilers during chronic aflatoxin (50 and 100 ppb) and clinoptilolite exposure. Res. Vet. Sci. 78: 61-68.
  32. Phillips, Timothy D. Dietary clay in the chemoprevention of aflatoxin-induced disease. (1999) Toxicol. Sci. 52, 118-126.
  33. Raju, M. V. L. N., and Devegowda. G. (2000) Influence of esterified-glucomannan on performance and organ morphology, serum biochemistry and haematology in broilers exposed to individual and combined mycotoxicosis (aflatoxin, ochratoxin and T-    2 toxin). Br. Poult. Sci. 41: 640-650.
  34. Reicks, M. M., and Crankshaw. D. (1993) Effects of D-limonene on hepatic microsomal monooxygenase activity and paracetamol-    induced glutathione depletion in mouse. Xenobiotica 23: 809-817.
  35. Rosa, C. A. R., Miazzo, R., Magnoli, C., Salvano, M., Chiacchiera, S. M., Ferrero, S., Saenz, M., Carvalho, E. C. Q. and Dalcero. A. (2001) Evaluation of the efficacy of bentonite from the south of Argentina to ameliorate the toxic effects of aflatoxin in broilers. Poult. Sci. 80: 139-144. 
  36. Santhosh Kumar, B., (2003), Molecular Pathology of experimental aflatoxicosis and ochratoxicosis including the ameliorating role of combined antioxidants in broiler chickens. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Bangalore.
  37. Shotwell, Odette L., Hesseltine, C. W., Stubblefield, R. D. and Sorenson. W. G. (1966) Production of aflatoxin on rice. Appl. Microbiol. 14: 425-428.
  38. Singh, Priyanka, Shukla Ravindra, Prakash Bhanu, Kumar Ashok, Singh Shubhra, Kumar Mishra Prashant and Dubey Nawal Kishore. (2010) Chemical profile, antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic and antioxidant activity of Citrus maxima Burm. and Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck essential oils and their cyclic monoterpene, DL-limonene. Food Chem. Toxicol. 48: 1734-1740.
  39. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G., (1967). Statistical methods. Oxford and IBH, Publications, New Dehli.
  40. Stoev, S.D., Stefanov, M., Denev, S.T., Radic, B., Domijan, A.M. and Peraica, M., (2004). Ochratoxin A and penicillic acid and interaction with natural plant extracts. Vet. Res. Commun., 28(8): 727-746.
  41. Swamy, H. V. L. N., and Devegowda. G. (1998) Research Articles-Ability of Mycosorb to counteract aflatoxicosis in commercial broilers. Indian J. Poult. Sci. 33: 273-278.
  42. Thaxton, J. P., Tung, H. T. and Hamilton P. B. (1974) Immunosuppression in chickens by aflatoxin. Poult. sci. 53: 721-725.
  43. Tung, Hsi-Tang, F. W. Cook, R. D. Wyatt, and P. B. Hamilton. (1975) The anaemia caused by aflatoxin. Poult. Sci. 54: 1962-1969.
  44. Van Lieshout, Esther MM, Gary H. Posner, Benjamin T. Woodard, and Wilbert HM Peters. (1998) Effects of the sulforaphane analog compound 30, indole-3-carbinol, D-limonene or relafen on glutathione S-transferases and glutathione peroxidase of the rat digestive tract. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects 1379: 325-336.
  45. Venkataram, K., Gopalakrishna Rao, D. and Rama Rao, P., (1988), Sequential gross and hisopathological changes of bursa and thymus in acute and chronic experimental aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks. Proc. 17th Annual Conf. Symp., Indian Poult. Sci., Assn., Bangalore, pp. 404.
Reviewed By

Download Article
In this Article
    Contact us
    Follow us

    Editorial Board

    View all (0)