Indian Journal of Animal Research

  • Chief EditorK.M.L. Pathak

  • Print ISSN 0367-6722

  • Online ISSN 0976-0555

  • NAAS Rating 6.50

  • SJR 0.263

  • Impact Factor 0.4 (2024)

Frequency :
Monthly (January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November and December)
Indexing Services :
Science Citation Index Expanded, BIOSIS Preview, ISI Citation Index, Biological Abstracts, Scopus, AGRICOLA, Google Scholar, CrossRef, CAB Abstracting Journals, Chemical Abstracts, Indian Science Abstracts, EBSCO Indexing Services, Index Copernicus
Submit

Research Article

Indian Journal of Animal Research, volume 53 issue 1 (january 2019) : 94-98

Feeding ration and frequency influences growth, feed utilization and body composition of goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Satyajit S. Belsare, Hukam Singh Dhaker
1College of Fisheries, Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Agriculture University, Ratnagiri-415 629, Maharashtra, India.
Cite article:- Belsare S. Satyajit, Dhaker Singh Hukam (2018). Feeding ration and frequency influences growth, feed utilization and body composition of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Indian Journal of Animal Research. 53(1): 94-98. doi: 10.18805/ijar.B-3270.

ABSTRACT

To establish an effective feeding regime for Carassius auratus, this experiment investigated the effects of feeding ration and feeding frequency on growth, feed utilization and body composition in juvenile C. auratus (Initial weight: 1.66 ± 0.018 g). A 4 × 4 experimental design of four ration sizes (2, 3, 4 and 5% body weight per day [BW/day]) with four feeding frequencies (1, 2, 3 and 4 meals/day) was carried out over 8 weeks with three replicates per treatment. The results showed that weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) increased significantly (P<0.05) with the feeding ration from 2% BW/day to 3% BW/day and feeding frequency from 1 meal/day to 4 meals/day. Similarly feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly better (P <0.05) at feeding ration of 3% BW/day than 4 and 5% BW/day at 4 meals/day than 1, 2 or 3 meals/day. SGR, FCR and PER further reduced when feeding ration was increased beyond 3% BW/day. Lipid content improved with the increased feeding frequency at all feeding rations, however feeding frequency did not exhibit a significant effect on crude protein level (P>0.05). Moisture content of body showed an opposite trend to lipid content and decreased with increase in feeding frequency. In conclusion, feeding ration of 3% BW/day and feeding frequency of 4 meals/ day was found to be better for maximal growth and feed utilization of young ones of C. auratus.

REFERENCES

  1. Andrews, J.W. and Page, J.W. (1975). The effect of frequency of feeding on culture of catfish. Trans. Am. Fish Soc. 105:317–321.
  2. AOAC, (2006). Official Methods of Analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemist International, 18th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, D.C. pp. 1094.
  3. Basade, Y. and Mohan, M. (2009). Effect of feeding frequency on growth performance, feed efficiency and bioenergetics of golden mahseer early fry. Asian Fish. Sci. 22: 549-559.
  4. Biswas, G., Jena, J.K., Singh, S.K., Patmajhi, P. and Muduli, H.K. (2006). Effect of feeding frequency on growth, survival and feed utilization in mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala, and rohu,Labeo rohita, during nursery rearing. Aquaculture.254: 211-218.
  5. Charles, P.M., Sebastian, S.M., Raj, M.C.V. and Marian, M.P., (1984). Effect of feeding frequency on growth and feed conversion of Cyprinus carpio fry. Aquaculture.40:293-300.
  6. Cho, S.H., Lim, Y.S., Lee, J.H., Lee, J.K. and Park, S. (2003). Effects of feeding rate and feeding frequency on survival, growth, and body composition of Ayu Post-Larvae Plecoglossus altivelis. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 34: 85-91.
  7. Du, Z.-Y., Liu, Y.G., Tian, L.X., He, J.G., Cao, J.M. and Liang, G.-Y. (2006). The influence of feeding rate on growth, feed efficiency and body composition of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Aquac. Int. 14: 247-257.
  8. Grayton, B.D. and Beamish, F.W.H. (1977). Effects of feeding frequency on food intake, growth and body composition of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Aquaculture.11: 159-172.
  9. Huang, Q., Huang, K., Ma, Y. and Qin, X. (2015). Feeding frequency and rate effects on growth and physiology of juvenile genetically improved farmed Nile Tilapia. N. Am. J. Aquac. 77: 503-512.
  10. Hung, S.S.O. and Lutes, P.B. (1987). Optimum feeding rate of hatchery-produced juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus): at 20°C. Aquaculture. 65: 307-317.
  11. Hung, S.S.O., Lutes, P.B., Conte, F.S. and Storebakken, T. (1989). Growth and feed efficiency of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) sub-yearling at different feeding rates. Aquaculture.80: 147-153.
  12. Kasiri, M., Farahi, A. and Sudagar, M. (2011). Effects of feeding frequency on growth performance and survival rate of angel fish, Pterophyllum scalare (Perciformes: Cichlidae).Vet. Res. Forum. 2: 97- 102.
  13. Kayano, Y., Yao, S., Yamamoto, S. and Nakagawa, H. (1993). Effects of feeding frequency on the growth and body composition of young red-spotted grouper, Epinephelusakaara. Aquaculture. 110: 271-278.
  14. Luo, L., Li, T., Xing, W., Xue, M., Ma, Z., Jiang, N. and Li, W. (2015). Effects of feeding rates and feeding frequency on the growth performances of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, Acipenser schrenckii Brandt @& × A. baeri Brandt B&. Aquaculture.448: 229-233.
  15. Nekoubin, H., Rakhshanipour, G., Hatefi, S., Sudagar, M. and Montajami, S. (2013). Effects of feeding frequency on growth performance and survival rate of Zebra Fish (Danio rerio). Adv. Jr. Agri. Res. 1: 7-10.
  16. Priestley, S.M., Stevenson, A.E. and Alexander, L.G. (2006). The influence of feeding frequency on growth and body condition of the common goldfish (Carassius auratus). J. Nutr.136: 1979–1981.
  17. Sampath, K. (1984). Preliminary report on the effects of feeding frequency in Channa striatus. Aquaculture. 40: 301-306.
  18. Shearer, K.D., Silverstein, J.T. and Dickhoff, W.W. (1997). Control of growth and adiposity of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Aquaculture.157: 311-323.
  19. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1967). Statistical methods, 6th ed. Oxford and IBH publishing Co. New Delhi, pp. 593.
  20. Staples, D.J. and Nomura, M. (1976). Influence of body size and food ration on the energy budget of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, Richardson. J. Fish. Biol. 9: 29-43.
  21. Stickney, R.R. 2000. Goldfish culture.In: Stickney, R.R. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of aquaculture.John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York,pp. 416-417. 
  22. Sun, G., Liu, Y., Qiu, D., Yi, M., Li, X. and Li, Y. (2014). Effect of feeding rate and frequency on growth performance, digestion and nutrients balances of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Aquacult. Res. doi: 10.1111/    are.12480.
  23. Van Ham, E.H., Berntssen, M.H.G., Imsland, A.K., Parpoura, A.C., Wendelaar Bonga, S.E. and Stefansson, S.O. (2003). The influence of temperature and ration on growth, feed conversion, body composition and nutrient retention of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Aquaculture.217: 547-558.
  24. Wang, Y., Kong, L-J., Li, K. and Bureau, D.P. (2007). Effects of feeding frequency and ration level on growth, feed utilization and nitrogen waste output of cuneate drum (Nibea miichthioides) reared in net pens. Aquaculture. 271: 350-356.
  25. Xie, F.J., Ai, Q.H., Mai, K.S., Xu, W. and Ma, H.M. (2011). The optimal feeding frequency of large yellow croaker (Pesudosciaena crocea, Richardson) larvae. Aquaculture.311: 162-167.
  26. Zhang, L., Zhao, Z.G., Xiong, D.M., Fang, W., Li, B., Fan, Q.X., Yang, K. and Wang, X.Y. (2011). Effects of ration level on growth, nitrogenous excretion and energy budget of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson). Aquacult. Res. 42: 899-905.
  27. Zhao, S., Han, D., Zhu, X., Jin, J., Yang, Y. and Xie, S. (2014). Effects of feeding frequency and dietary protein levels on juvenile allogynogenetic gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) var. CAS III: growth, feed utilization and serum free essential amino acids dynamics. Aquacult. Res. doi: 10.1111/are.12491. 47:290-303
  28. Zhou, Z., Cui, Y., Xie, S., Zhu, X., Lei, W., Xue, M. and Yang, Y. (2003). Effect of feeding frequency on growth, feed utilization, and size variation of juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). J. Appl. Ichthyol.19: 244-249. 
Reviewed By

Download Article
In this Article
    Contact us
    Follow us

    Editorial Board

    View all (0)