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Research Article

volume 51 issue 6 (december 2017) : 1080-1085,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.9121

Economics of feeding protected protein and protected fat on crossbred cattle

S
S.H. Mane
S
S.D. Mandakmale
C
C.A. Nimbalkar
D
D.H. Kankhare
A
A.T. Lokhande
1Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture, Pune Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri- 413 712, Maharashtra, India.
Cite article:- Mane S.H., Mandakmale S.D., Nimbalkar C.A., Kankhare D.H., Lokhande A.T. (2017). Economics of feeding protected protein and protected fat on crossbred cattle. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 51(6): 1080-1085. doi: 10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.9121.

ABSTRACT

A study was undertaken to evaluate the economics of feeding protected protein and protected fat in crossbred cows. The feeding trial of 4 months duration was conducted on 24 crossbred cattle which were subjected to treatment T0 (Control), T1 (Protected- protein), T2 ( Protected fat) and T3 (Protected protein and fat). Crossbred cows in second to fourth lactation with most probable production ability (MPPA) of average 2300 liter milk production per lactation for each group were selected. All animals were fed with 2/3 DM through roughages (2/3 from dry and 1/3 from green) + 1/3 DM from concentrate mixture. In T0 and T2 groups untreated groundnut cake was given in ration. Whereas, in T1 and T3 groups, groundnut cake was treated with formaldehyde (FA) (@ 1.0 gm FA /100g CP). Also bypass fat (99%) was supplemented in T2 and T3 groups @ 10 gm per liter milk production. Daily DM intake and daily milk yield for individual animals were recorded. The data generated during experimental period were analyzed by Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with SAS, 9.3 versions.The DMI was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T3 (12.72) followed by T1 (12.59), T0 (12.47) and T2 (12.23). However, the DMI/ 100 kg body weight was 3.05, 3.01, 3.13 and 2.81 kg/d in T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively with non significant treatment. The average milk production during supplementation period was 9.82, 11.76, 11.41 and 12.43 kg/d in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively which was significantly 16.49% higher in T1, 13.93% higher in T2 and 20.99% in T3 over T0. The net return over feed cost was highest in T3 group followed by T1 and T2 over T0.

REFERENCES

  1. Amrutkar, S.A., Thakur, S.S. and Pawar, S.P. (2014). Economics of supplementing rumen protected methionine and lysine in the ration of lactating crossbred cows. Indian J. Anim. Nutr.31: 14-19.
  2. Arewad, G. R., Thube, H. A., Pandya, P. R., Parnerkar S. and Shankhpal S. (2011). Effect of feeding bypass protein based total mixed ration on performance of growing crossbred calves. Indian J. Anim. Nutr.28: 303-308.
  3. AOAC, (2005). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. Washington, DC.
  4. Chatterjee, A. and Walli, T.K. (2003). Effect of formaldehyde treatment on effective protein degradability and in vitro post-ruminal digestibility of mustard cake. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 20: 143-148.
  5. Dhulipalla, S. K., Venkateswarlu S. and Raja K. K. (2013). Effect of supplementation of Milk Dhara on milk yield and milk composition in graded Murrah buffaloes. J. Adv. Vet. Res. 3: 89-92. 
  6. Gajera, A.P., Dutta, K.S., Parsana, D.K., Savsani, H.H., Odedra, M.D., Gajbhiye, P.U., Murthy, K.S. and Chavda, J.A. (2013). Effect of bypass lysine, methionine and fat on growth and nutritional efficiency in growing Jaffrabadi heifers. Vet. World.6: 766-769.
  7. Garg, M.R., Bhanderi, B.M. and Sherasia, P.L. (2012). Effect of supplementing bypass fat with rumen protected choline chloride on milk yield, milk composition and metabolic profile in crossbred cows. Indian J. Dairy Sci. 65: 319-323. 
  8. Garg, M.R. and Sherasia, P.L. (2010). Rumen bypass protein technology for enhancing productivity in dairy animals. Anim. Production and Health, FAO Electronic conference, 1-30 September.11: 61-64.
  9. Gowda, N.K.S., Manegar, A., Raghavendra, A., Verma, S., Maya, G., Pal, D.T., Suresh, K.P. and Sampath, K.T. (2013). Effect of protected fat supplementation to high yielding dairy cows in field condition. Anim. Nutr. and Feed Tech., 13: 125-130.
  10. Grewal, R.S., Tyagi, N., Lamba, J.S., Ahuja, C.S. and Saijpaul, S. (2014). Effect of bypass fat and niacin supplementation on the productive performance and blood profile of lactating crossbred cows under field conditions. Anim. Nutr. and Feed Tech.14: 573-581.
  11. ICAR (1998). Nutrient Requirements of Livestock and Poultry, 2nd revised edition. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
  12. Jadhav, S. E., Pattanaik, A. K., Dutta, N., Garg, A.K. and Verma, A.K. (2014). Nutrition, productivity and product quality in farm animals. Center of Advanced Faculty Training in Animal Nutrition, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India. 218 pp.
  13. Kirovski, D., Blond, B., Katiæ, M., Markoviæ, R. and Šefer, D. (2015).Milk yield and composition, body condition, rumen characteristics, and blood metabolites of dairy cows fed diet supplemented with palm oil. Chem. and Bio. Technol. in Agri. 2: 1-5.
  14. Kumar, S., Kumari, R., Kumar, K. and Walli, T K. (2015). Roasting and formaldehyde method to make bypass protein for ruminants and its importance: A review. Indian J. Anim. Sci.85: 223–230.
  15. Movaliya, J.K., Padodara, R.J., Bhadaniya, A.R. and Savsani, H.H. (2013). Effect of bypass methionine-lysine supplementation of haematologocal and biochemical parameters of Jaffrabadi heifers. Vet. World. 6: 147-150.
  16. Nam, I.S., Choi J.H., Seo K.M. and Ahn J.H. (2014). In vitro and lactation responses in mid lactating dairy cows fed protected amino acids and fat. Asian Austral. J. Anim. Sci. 27: 1705-1711.
  17. Ramteke, P.V., Patel, D.C., Parnerkar, S., Shankhpal, S.S., Patel, G.R., Katole, S.B. and Pandey, A. (2014). Effect of feeding bypass fat prepartum and during early lactation on productive performance in buffaloes. Livestock Res. Int.2: 63-67.
  18. Sai, S., Thakur, S.S., Kewalramani, N. and Chaurasia, M. (2014). Effect of supplementation of rumen protected methionine plus lysine on growth performance, nutrient utilization and blood metabolites in calves. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 31: 1-7.
  19. SAS. (2011). SAS version 9.3.1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
  20. Shelke, S.K. and Thakur, S.S. (2011). Economics of feeding rumen protected fat and protected cprotein to lactating Murrah buffaloes. Indian J. Anim. Nutr., 28: 278-282. 
  21. Singh, M., Sehgal, J. P., Roy, A. K., Pandita, S and Rajesh, G (2014). Effect of prill fat supplementation on hormones, milk production 
  22. and energy metabolites during mid lactation in crossbred cows. Vet. World.7: 384-388. 
  23. Sirohi, S. K., Walli, T.K., Garg, M.R. and Kumar, B. (2013). Effect of formaldehyde treated mustard cake on nutrient utilization and milk production performance in crossbred cows fed wheat straw based diet. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 30: 5-11.
  24. Sontakke, U.B., Kaur, H., Tyagi, A., Kumar, M. and Saikh, A.H. (2014). Effect of feeding rice bran lyso-phospholipids and rumen protected fat on feed intake, nutrient utilization and milk yield in crossbred cows. Indian J. Anim. Sci.84: 998-1003.
  25. Sherasia, P.L., Garg, M.R., Bhanderi, B.M. (2012). Effect of feeding slow ammonia release and protected protein supplement in lactating cows and buffaloes. Indian J. Anim. Res.46: 168-171.
  26. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1989). Statistical Methods. 7thEdn. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA.
  27. Vahora, S. G., Kore, K. B., and Parnerkar, S. (2012). Feeding of formaldehyde-treated protein meals to lactating buffaloes; effect on milk yield and composition. Livestock Res. for Rural Devlop.24: 2.
  28. Vahora, S.G., Parnerkar, S. and Kore, K.B. (2013). Productive Efficiency of Lactating Buffaloes Fed Bypass Fat under Field Conditions: Effect on Milk Yield, Milk Composition, Body Weight and Economics. Iranian J. Applied Anim. Sci.3: 53-58.
  29. Yadav, G., Roy, A. and Singh, M. (2015). Effect of Prilled Fat Supplementation on Milk Production Performance of Crossbred Cows. Indian J. Anim. Nutr.32: 133-138. 
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    Research Article

    volume 51 issue 6 (december 2017) : 1080-1085,   Doi: 10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.9121

    Economics of feeding protected protein and protected fat on crossbred cattle

    S
    S.H. Mane
    S
    S.D. Mandakmale
    C
    C.A. Nimbalkar
    D
    D.H. Kankhare
    A
    A.T. Lokhande
    1Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture, Pune Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri- 413 712, Maharashtra, India.
    Cite article:- Mane S.H., Mandakmale S.D., Nimbalkar C.A., Kankhare D.H., Lokhande A.T. (2017). Economics of feeding protected protein and protected fat on crossbred cattle. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 51(6): 1080-1085. doi: 10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.9121.

    ABSTRACT

    A study was undertaken to evaluate the economics of feeding protected protein and protected fat in crossbred cows. The feeding trial of 4 months duration was conducted on 24 crossbred cattle which were subjected to treatment T0 (Control), T1 (Protected- protein), T2 ( Protected fat) and T3 (Protected protein and fat). Crossbred cows in second to fourth lactation with most probable production ability (MPPA) of average 2300 liter milk production per lactation for each group were selected. All animals were fed with 2/3 DM through roughages (2/3 from dry and 1/3 from green) + 1/3 DM from concentrate mixture. In T0 and T2 groups untreated groundnut cake was given in ration. Whereas, in T1 and T3 groups, groundnut cake was treated with formaldehyde (FA) (@ 1.0 gm FA /100g CP). Also bypass fat (99%) was supplemented in T2 and T3 groups @ 10 gm per liter milk production. Daily DM intake and daily milk yield for individual animals were recorded. The data generated during experimental period were analyzed by Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with SAS, 9.3 versions.The DMI was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T3 (12.72) followed by T1 (12.59), T0 (12.47) and T2 (12.23). However, the DMI/ 100 kg body weight was 3.05, 3.01, 3.13 and 2.81 kg/d in T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively with non significant treatment. The average milk production during supplementation period was 9.82, 11.76, 11.41 and 12.43 kg/d in group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively which was significantly 16.49% higher in T1, 13.93% higher in T2 and 20.99% in T3 over T0. The net return over feed cost was highest in T3 group followed by T1 and T2 over T0.

    REFERENCES

    1. Amrutkar, S.A., Thakur, S.S. and Pawar, S.P. (2014). Economics of supplementing rumen protected methionine and lysine in the ration of lactating crossbred cows. Indian J. Anim. Nutr.31: 14-19.
    2. Arewad, G. R., Thube, H. A., Pandya, P. R., Parnerkar S. and Shankhpal S. (2011). Effect of feeding bypass protein based total mixed ration on performance of growing crossbred calves. Indian J. Anim. Nutr.28: 303-308.
    3. AOAC, (2005). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. Washington, DC.
    4. Chatterjee, A. and Walli, T.K. (2003). Effect of formaldehyde treatment on effective protein degradability and in vitro post-ruminal digestibility of mustard cake. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 20: 143-148.
    5. Dhulipalla, S. K., Venkateswarlu S. and Raja K. K. (2013). Effect of supplementation of Milk Dhara on milk yield and milk composition in graded Murrah buffaloes. J. Adv. Vet. Res. 3: 89-92. 
    6. Gajera, A.P., Dutta, K.S., Parsana, D.K., Savsani, H.H., Odedra, M.D., Gajbhiye, P.U., Murthy, K.S. and Chavda, J.A. (2013). Effect of bypass lysine, methionine and fat on growth and nutritional efficiency in growing Jaffrabadi heifers. Vet. World.6: 766-769.
    7. Garg, M.R., Bhanderi, B.M. and Sherasia, P.L. (2012). Effect of supplementing bypass fat with rumen protected choline chloride on milk yield, milk composition and metabolic profile in crossbred cows. Indian J. Dairy Sci. 65: 319-323. 
    8. Garg, M.R. and Sherasia, P.L. (2010). Rumen bypass protein technology for enhancing productivity in dairy animals. Anim. Production and Health, FAO Electronic conference, 1-30 September.11: 61-64.
    9. Gowda, N.K.S., Manegar, A., Raghavendra, A., Verma, S., Maya, G., Pal, D.T., Suresh, K.P. and Sampath, K.T. (2013). Effect of protected fat supplementation to high yielding dairy cows in field condition. Anim. Nutr. and Feed Tech., 13: 125-130.
    10. Grewal, R.S., Tyagi, N., Lamba, J.S., Ahuja, C.S. and Saijpaul, S. (2014). Effect of bypass fat and niacin supplementation on the productive performance and blood profile of lactating crossbred cows under field conditions. Anim. Nutr. and Feed Tech.14: 573-581.
    11. ICAR (1998). Nutrient Requirements of Livestock and Poultry, 2nd revised edition. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
    12. Jadhav, S. E., Pattanaik, A. K., Dutta, N., Garg, A.K. and Verma, A.K. (2014). Nutrition, productivity and product quality in farm animals. Center of Advanced Faculty Training in Animal Nutrition, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India. 218 pp.
    13. Kirovski, D., Blond, B., Katiæ, M., Markoviæ, R. and Šefer, D. (2015).Milk yield and composition, body condition, rumen characteristics, and blood metabolites of dairy cows fed diet supplemented with palm oil. Chem. and Bio. Technol. in Agri. 2: 1-5.
    14. Kumar, S., Kumari, R., Kumar, K. and Walli, T K. (2015). Roasting and formaldehyde method to make bypass protein for ruminants and its importance: A review. Indian J. Anim. Sci.85: 223–230.
    15. Movaliya, J.K., Padodara, R.J., Bhadaniya, A.R. and Savsani, H.H. (2013). Effect of bypass methionine-lysine supplementation of haematologocal and biochemical parameters of Jaffrabadi heifers. Vet. World. 6: 147-150.
    16. Nam, I.S., Choi J.H., Seo K.M. and Ahn J.H. (2014). In vitro and lactation responses in mid lactating dairy cows fed protected amino acids and fat. Asian Austral. J. Anim. Sci. 27: 1705-1711.
    17. Ramteke, P.V., Patel, D.C., Parnerkar, S., Shankhpal, S.S., Patel, G.R., Katole, S.B. and Pandey, A. (2014). Effect of feeding bypass fat prepartum and during early lactation on productive performance in buffaloes. Livestock Res. Int.2: 63-67.
    18. Sai, S., Thakur, S.S., Kewalramani, N. and Chaurasia, M. (2014). Effect of supplementation of rumen protected methionine plus lysine on growth performance, nutrient utilization and blood metabolites in calves. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 31: 1-7.
    19. SAS. (2011). SAS version 9.3.1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
    20. Shelke, S.K. and Thakur, S.S. (2011). Economics of feeding rumen protected fat and protected cprotein to lactating Murrah buffaloes. Indian J. Anim. Nutr., 28: 278-282. 
    21. Singh, M., Sehgal, J. P., Roy, A. K., Pandita, S and Rajesh, G (2014). Effect of prill fat supplementation on hormones, milk production 
    22. and energy metabolites during mid lactation in crossbred cows. Vet. World.7: 384-388. 
    23. Sirohi, S. K., Walli, T.K., Garg, M.R. and Kumar, B. (2013). Effect of formaldehyde treated mustard cake on nutrient utilization and milk production performance in crossbred cows fed wheat straw based diet. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 30: 5-11.
    24. Sontakke, U.B., Kaur, H., Tyagi, A., Kumar, M. and Saikh, A.H. (2014). Effect of feeding rice bran lyso-phospholipids and rumen protected fat on feed intake, nutrient utilization and milk yield in crossbred cows. Indian J. Anim. Sci.84: 998-1003.
    25. Sherasia, P.L., Garg, M.R., Bhanderi, B.M. (2012). Effect of feeding slow ammonia release and protected protein supplement in lactating cows and buffaloes. Indian J. Anim. Res.46: 168-171.
    26. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1989). Statistical Methods. 7thEdn. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA.
    27. Vahora, S. G., Kore, K. B., and Parnerkar, S. (2012). Feeding of formaldehyde-treated protein meals to lactating buffaloes; effect on milk yield and composition. Livestock Res. for Rural Devlop.24: 2.
    28. Vahora, S.G., Parnerkar, S. and Kore, K.B. (2013). Productive Efficiency of Lactating Buffaloes Fed Bypass Fat under Field Conditions: Effect on Milk Yield, Milk Composition, Body Weight and Economics. Iranian J. Applied Anim. Sci.3: 53-58.
    29. Yadav, G., Roy, A. and Singh, M. (2015). Effect of Prilled Fat Supplementation on Milk Production Performance of Crossbred Cows. Indian J. Anim. Nutr.32: 133-138. 
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