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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 49 issue 1 (february 2015) : 187-190,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00111.9

Xanthine oxidase as a biochemical marker of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs

P
P.S.L. Sesh*
P
P. Venkatesan
K
K. Jeyaraja
M
M. Chandrasekar
V
V. Pandiyan
1Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600 007, India.
Cite article:- Sesh* P.S.L., Venkatesan P., Jeyaraja K., Chandrasekar M., Pandiyan V. (2025). Xanthine oxidase as a biochemical marker of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs . Indian Journal of Animal Research. 49(1): 187-190. doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00111.9.

ABSTRACT

Dilated cardiomyopathy occurs more frequently in large breed of dogs and the common form is the Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Xanthine oxidase is considered as one of the potent enzyme causing oxidative stress in the failing heart, and it uncouples cardiac energy consumption from cardiac contraction resulting in heart failure. In the present study xanthine oxidase activity was estimated in the serum of Dilated cardiomyopathy affected dogs and compared with that of healthy dogs serving as control. Similarly, other known cardiac enzyme markers like creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were also estimated. The results showed a 300% increase in the specific activity of xanthine oxidase and a 200% increase in the total activity of xanthine oxidase. This ind icates that measurement of xanthine oxidase activity can serve as an early biochemical marker for diagnosis of Dilated cardiomyopathy in canines.q

REFERENCES

  1. Aktas, M., Auguste, D., Lefebvre, H.P., Toutain, P.L. and Braun, J.P. (1993). Creatine kinase in the dog: a review. Vet. Res. Comm., 17: 353-369.
  2. Apple, F.S. (1999). Tissue specificity of cardiac troponin I, cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase-MB. Clin. Chim. Acta, 284: 151-159.
  3. Bergmeyer, H.I., Gawehn, K. and Grassl, M. (1974). In Methods of Enzymatic analysis (Bergmeyer, H.U. ed.) Second edition, Volume I, 521-522, Academic Press Inc., New York, NY.
  4. Borgarelli, M., Tarducci, A., Tidholm, A. and Haggstrom, J. (2001). Canine Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Part II: Pathophysiology and therapy, The Veterinary Journal, 162:182-195.
  5. Gorman, S.L.T. and Zweier, J.L. (1990). Evaluation of the role of xanthine oxidase in myocardial repurfusion injury, J.Biol. Chem., 265:6656-6663.
  6. Hossein-Nia M., Baig K., Goldman J.H., Keeling P.J., Caforio A.L., Holt D.W. and McKenna W.J. (1997). Creatine kinase isoforms as circulating markers of deterioration in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Clin Cardiol., 20:55-60.
  7. Kaneko, S.J. (2008). Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. 9th ed., Academic Press, California.
  8. Kemp, M., Donovan, J., Higham, H. and Hooper J. (2004). Biochemical markers of myocardial injury. Br. J. Anaesth ., 93:63-73.
  9. McEwan, J.D. (2000). Companion Animal Practice: Canine dilated cardiomyopathy 1.Breed manifestations and diagnosis
  10. In Practice. 22:520-530.
  11. Pandey, N.R., Kaur, G. Chandra, M, Sanwal, GG and Misra, MK. (2000). Enzymatic oxidants and antioxidants of human blood platelets in unstable angina and myocardial infarction. Int. J. Cardiol., 76:33-38.
  12. Petric, A.D. and Tomsic, K. (2008). Diagnostic methods of cardiomyopathy in dogs – old and new perspectives and methods, Slov. Vet. Res., 45:5-14.
  13. Raghuvanshi, R., Kaul, A., Bhakuni, P., Mishra, A. and Mishra, M.K. (2007). Xanthine oxidase a marker of myocardial infarction, Indian J.Clin.Biochem., 22 (2): 90-92.
  14. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1994). Statistical Methods, 6th ed. Allied Pacific, Bombay.
  15. Swaanenburg, J.C., Klasse, J.M., Dejongste, M.J.L., Zimmerman K.W. and ten Duis H.J. (1998). Troponin I, troponin T, CKMB – activity and CKMB – mass as markers for the detection of myocardial contusion in patients who experienced blunt trauma. Clin. Chim. Acta, 272: 171-181.
  16. Tidholm, A., Haggstrom, J., Borgarelli, M. and Tarducci, A. (2001). Canine Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Part I: Aetiology, Clinical Characteristics, Epidemiology and Pathology, The Veterinary Journal, 162: 92-107.
  17. Welshman S.G. and Rixon, E.C. (1967) Colorimetric estimation of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes by urea inhibition. Clinica Chemical Acta, 19: 121-123.
  18. Xia,Y., Khatchikian,G. and Zweier,J. (1996). Adenosine deaminase inhibition prevents free radical mediated injury in the post ischaemic heart. J. Biol. Chem., 271: 10096-10102.
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    volume 49 issue 1 (february 2015) : 187-190,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00111.9

    Xanthine oxidase as a biochemical marker of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs

    P
    P.S.L. Sesh*
    P
    P. Venkatesan
    K
    K. Jeyaraja
    M
    M. Chandrasekar
    V
    V. Pandiyan
    1Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600 007, India.
    Cite article:- Sesh* P.S.L., Venkatesan P., Jeyaraja K., Chandrasekar M., Pandiyan V. (2025). Xanthine oxidase as a biochemical marker of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs . Indian Journal of Animal Research. 49(1): 187-190. doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00111.9.

    ABSTRACT

    Dilated cardiomyopathy occurs more frequently in large breed of dogs and the common form is the Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Xanthine oxidase is considered as one of the potent enzyme causing oxidative stress in the failing heart, and it uncouples cardiac energy consumption from cardiac contraction resulting in heart failure. In the present study xanthine oxidase activity was estimated in the serum of Dilated cardiomyopathy affected dogs and compared with that of healthy dogs serving as control. Similarly, other known cardiac enzyme markers like creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were also estimated. The results showed a 300% increase in the specific activity of xanthine oxidase and a 200% increase in the total activity of xanthine oxidase. This ind icates that measurement of xanthine oxidase activity can serve as an early biochemical marker for diagnosis of Dilated cardiomyopathy in canines.q

    REFERENCES

    1. Aktas, M., Auguste, D., Lefebvre, H.P., Toutain, P.L. and Braun, J.P. (1993). Creatine kinase in the dog: a review. Vet. Res. Comm., 17: 353-369.
    2. Apple, F.S. (1999). Tissue specificity of cardiac troponin I, cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase-MB. Clin. Chim. Acta, 284: 151-159.
    3. Bergmeyer, H.I., Gawehn, K. and Grassl, M. (1974). In Methods of Enzymatic analysis (Bergmeyer, H.U. ed.) Second edition, Volume I, 521-522, Academic Press Inc., New York, NY.
    4. Borgarelli, M., Tarducci, A., Tidholm, A. and Haggstrom, J. (2001). Canine Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Part II: Pathophysiology and therapy, The Veterinary Journal, 162:182-195.
    5. Gorman, S.L.T. and Zweier, J.L. (1990). Evaluation of the role of xanthine oxidase in myocardial repurfusion injury, J.Biol. Chem., 265:6656-6663.
    6. Hossein-Nia M., Baig K., Goldman J.H., Keeling P.J., Caforio A.L., Holt D.W. and McKenna W.J. (1997). Creatine kinase isoforms as circulating markers of deterioration in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Clin Cardiol., 20:55-60.
    7. Kaneko, S.J. (2008). Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. 9th ed., Academic Press, California.
    8. Kemp, M., Donovan, J., Higham, H. and Hooper J. (2004). Biochemical markers of myocardial injury. Br. J. Anaesth ., 93:63-73.
    9. McEwan, J.D. (2000). Companion Animal Practice: Canine dilated cardiomyopathy 1.Breed manifestations and diagnosis
    10. In Practice. 22:520-530.
    11. Pandey, N.R., Kaur, G. Chandra, M, Sanwal, GG and Misra, MK. (2000). Enzymatic oxidants and antioxidants of human blood platelets in unstable angina and myocardial infarction. Int. J. Cardiol., 76:33-38.
    12. Petric, A.D. and Tomsic, K. (2008). Diagnostic methods of cardiomyopathy in dogs – old and new perspectives and methods, Slov. Vet. Res., 45:5-14.
    13. Raghuvanshi, R., Kaul, A., Bhakuni, P., Mishra, A. and Mishra, M.K. (2007). Xanthine oxidase a marker of myocardial infarction, Indian J.Clin.Biochem., 22 (2): 90-92.
    14. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1994). Statistical Methods, 6th ed. Allied Pacific, Bombay.
    15. Swaanenburg, J.C., Klasse, J.M., Dejongste, M.J.L., Zimmerman K.W. and ten Duis H.J. (1998). Troponin I, troponin T, CKMB – activity and CKMB – mass as markers for the detection of myocardial contusion in patients who experienced blunt trauma. Clin. Chim. Acta, 272: 171-181.
    16. Tidholm, A., Haggstrom, J., Borgarelli, M. and Tarducci, A. (2001). Canine Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Part I: Aetiology, Clinical Characteristics, Epidemiology and Pathology, The Veterinary Journal, 162: 92-107.
    17. Welshman S.G. and Rixon, E.C. (1967) Colorimetric estimation of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes by urea inhibition. Clinica Chemical Acta, 19: 121-123.
    18. Xia,Y., Khatchikian,G. and Zweier,J. (1996). Adenosine deaminase inhibition prevents free radical mediated injury in the post ischaemic heart. J. Biol. Chem., 271: 10096-10102.
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