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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 49 issue 3 (june 2015) : 308-312,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00140.5

Cryoinjury in relation to cholesterol content of bull spermatozoa

N
N. Srivastava*
S
S.K. Srivastava
S
S.K. Ghosh
A
Amit Kumar
A
A. Jerome1
M
Mahak Singh
A
Askok Kumar
S
S.S. Ramteke
1Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, India.
Cite article:- Srivastava* N., Srivastava S.K., Ghosh S.K., Kumar Amit, Jerome1 A., Singh Mahak, Kumar Askok, Ramteke S.S. (2025). Cryoinjury in relation to cholesterol content of bull spermatozoa . Indian Journal of Animal Research. 49(3): 308-312. doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00140.5.

ABSTRACT

Though semen cryopreservation has many advantages, it decreases tolerance of spermatozoa to stress of temperature variations, thus disposing spermatozoa to increased cryoinjury. Predicting cryoinjury to spermatozoa is difficult with available laboratory protocols. The present study was designed to evaluate the cryoinjury prediction of sperm in relation to its cholesterol content. The cholesterol content at fresh, pre-freeze and post-thaw stage was 21.95±0.97, 9.58±0.45 and 7.44±0.44 ìg/100 million spermatozoa. Semen quality parameters (SQP) at pre-freeze and post-thaw stages were individual motility (71.58±1.29 vs. 47.83±1.16), acrosome integrity (71.00±1.48 vs. 61.58±1.70), Chlortetracycline (CTC) pattern (F: 29.67±1.14 vs. 15.83±1.02; B: 48.83±2.06 vs. 53.58±1.27; AR: 21.50±1.84 vs. 30.58±1.85). Study indicated that cholesterol content of fresh spermatozoa could be used to predict cholesterol content of spermatozoa at pre-freeze and post-thaw stages with medium to high level of accuracy. This study revealed strong evidence that cholesterol content of pre-freeze bull spermatozoa could be a good predictor of level of cryoinjury following preservation at ultra low temperature.

REFERENCES


  1. Amorim E.A.M., Graham J.K., Spizziri B., Meyers M. and Torres C.A.A. (2009) Effect of cholesterol or cholesteryl conjugates on the cryosurvival of bull sperm. Cryobiology. 58:210-214.

  2. Cormier N., Sirard M.A. and Bailey J.L. (1997) Premature capacitation of bovine spermatozoa is initiated by cryopreservation. J. Androl. 18(4): 461-468.

  3. Cross N.L. (1998) Role of cholesterol in sperm capacitation. Biol. Rep. 59:7-11.

  4. Drobnis E.Z., Crowe L.M., Berger T., Anchordoguy T. J., Overstreet J.W. and Crowe J.H. (1993) Cold shock damage is due to lipid phase transition in cell membrane: a demonstration using sperm as a model. J. Exp. Zool. 265:432-437.

  5. Ehrenwald E., Parks J.E. and Foote R.H. (1988) Cholesterol efflux from bovine sperm I. Induction of acrosome reaction with lysophosphatidylcholine after reducing sperm cholesterol. Gamete Res., 20: 145-157.

  6. Fraser L.R., Abeydeera L.R. and Niwa K. (1995) Regulating mechanisms that modulate bull sperm capacitation and acrosomal exocytosis as determined by chlortetracycline analysis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 40:233-241.

  7. Gadella B.M., Rathi R., Brouwers J.F.H.M., Stout T.A.E. and Colenbrander B. (2001) Capacitation and acrosome reaction in equine spermatozoa. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 68: 249-265.

  8. Hammerstedt R.H., Graham J.K. and Nolan J.P. (1990) Cryopreservation of mammalian sperm:what we ask them to survuive. J. Androl. 18:73-88.

  9. Holt W.V. (2000) Basic aspects of frozen storage of sperm. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 52:3-22.

  10. Kadirvel G. (2006) Studies on cryocapacitation of buffalo spermatozoa and its minimization. Ph.D. thesis submitted to deemed University IVRI, Izatnagar, U.P.

  11. Ladbrooke B.D., Williams R.M. and Chapman D. (1968) Studies on lecithin-cholesterol-water interactions by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Biochim. Biophys. Acta.150:333-340.

  12. Moce E. and Graham J.K. (2006) Cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins added to raw bull ejaculates improves sperm cryosurvival. J. Anim. Sci. 84:826-833.

  13. Purdy P.H. and Graham J.K. (2004) Effect of adding cholesterol to bull sperm membranes on sperm capacitation, the acrosome reaction, and fertility. Biol. Reprod.71:522-527.

  14. Salisbury G. W., VanDemark N. L. and Lodge J. R. (1978) Physiology of reproduction and artificial insemination of cattle 2nd ed. by W.H.Freeman and Company. pp: 268-274.

  15. Sparr E., Halin L., Markova N. and Wennerstrom, H. (2002) Phospholipids-cholesterol bilayers under osmotic stress. Biophys. J. 83: 2015-2025.

  16. Strom H, B., Larsson B., Linde-Forsberg C. and Rodriguez-Martinez H. (2000) Evaluation of chilled and frozen-thawed canine spermatozoa using a zona pellucida binding assay. J. Reprod. Fert. 119: 201-206.

  17. Sukardi S., Curry M.R. and Watson P.F. (1997) Simultaneous detection of the acrosomal status and viability of incubated ram spermatozoa using fluorescent markers. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 46:89-96.

  18. Witte T.S. and Schafer-somi S. (2007) Involvement of cholesterol, calcium and progesterone in the induction of capacitation and acrosome reaction of mammalian spermatozoa. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 102: 181-193.

  19. White I.G. and Darin-Bennett A. (1976) The lipids of spermatozoa in relation to cold shock. In: Proceedings of the 8th Congress on Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination. p. 951-954.

  20. Yanagimachi R. (1994) Mammalian fertilization, In: Physiology of Reproduction. 2nd Knobil E. and J. D. Neill, eds. Raven press, New York, pp. A189-A317.

  21. Yeagle D.L. (1985) Cholesterol and the cell membrane. Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 822:267-287.
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    volume 49 issue 3 (june 2015) : 308-312,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00140.5

    Cryoinjury in relation to cholesterol content of bull spermatozoa

    N
    N. Srivastava*
    S
    S.K. Srivastava
    S
    S.K. Ghosh
    A
    Amit Kumar
    A
    A. Jerome1
    M
    Mahak Singh
    A
    Askok Kumar
    S
    S.S. Ramteke
    1Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, India.
    Cite article:- Srivastava* N., Srivastava S.K., Ghosh S.K., Kumar Amit, Jerome1 A., Singh Mahak, Kumar Askok, Ramteke S.S. (2025). Cryoinjury in relation to cholesterol content of bull spermatozoa . Indian Journal of Animal Research. 49(3): 308-312. doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00140.5.

    ABSTRACT

    Though semen cryopreservation has many advantages, it decreases tolerance of spermatozoa to stress of temperature variations, thus disposing spermatozoa to increased cryoinjury. Predicting cryoinjury to spermatozoa is difficult with available laboratory protocols. The present study was designed to evaluate the cryoinjury prediction of sperm in relation to its cholesterol content. The cholesterol content at fresh, pre-freeze and post-thaw stage was 21.95±0.97, 9.58±0.45 and 7.44±0.44 ìg/100 million spermatozoa. Semen quality parameters (SQP) at pre-freeze and post-thaw stages were individual motility (71.58±1.29 vs. 47.83±1.16), acrosome integrity (71.00±1.48 vs. 61.58±1.70), Chlortetracycline (CTC) pattern (F: 29.67±1.14 vs. 15.83±1.02; B: 48.83±2.06 vs. 53.58±1.27; AR: 21.50±1.84 vs. 30.58±1.85). Study indicated that cholesterol content of fresh spermatozoa could be used to predict cholesterol content of spermatozoa at pre-freeze and post-thaw stages with medium to high level of accuracy. This study revealed strong evidence that cholesterol content of pre-freeze bull spermatozoa could be a good predictor of level of cryoinjury following preservation at ultra low temperature.

    REFERENCES


    1. Amorim E.A.M., Graham J.K., Spizziri B., Meyers M. and Torres C.A.A. (2009) Effect of cholesterol or cholesteryl conjugates on the cryosurvival of bull sperm. Cryobiology. 58:210-214.

    2. Cormier N., Sirard M.A. and Bailey J.L. (1997) Premature capacitation of bovine spermatozoa is initiated by cryopreservation. J. Androl. 18(4): 461-468.

    3. Cross N.L. (1998) Role of cholesterol in sperm capacitation. Biol. Rep. 59:7-11.

    4. Drobnis E.Z., Crowe L.M., Berger T., Anchordoguy T. J., Overstreet J.W. and Crowe J.H. (1993) Cold shock damage is due to lipid phase transition in cell membrane: a demonstration using sperm as a model. J. Exp. Zool. 265:432-437.

    5. Ehrenwald E., Parks J.E. and Foote R.H. (1988) Cholesterol efflux from bovine sperm I. Induction of acrosome reaction with lysophosphatidylcholine after reducing sperm cholesterol. Gamete Res., 20: 145-157.

    6. Fraser L.R., Abeydeera L.R. and Niwa K. (1995) Regulating mechanisms that modulate bull sperm capacitation and acrosomal exocytosis as determined by chlortetracycline analysis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 40:233-241.

    7. Gadella B.M., Rathi R., Brouwers J.F.H.M., Stout T.A.E. and Colenbrander B. (2001) Capacitation and acrosome reaction in equine spermatozoa. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 68: 249-265.

    8. Hammerstedt R.H., Graham J.K. and Nolan J.P. (1990) Cryopreservation of mammalian sperm:what we ask them to survuive. J. Androl. 18:73-88.

    9. Holt W.V. (2000) Basic aspects of frozen storage of sperm. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 52:3-22.

    10. Kadirvel G. (2006) Studies on cryocapacitation of buffalo spermatozoa and its minimization. Ph.D. thesis submitted to deemed University IVRI, Izatnagar, U.P.

    11. Ladbrooke B.D., Williams R.M. and Chapman D. (1968) Studies on lecithin-cholesterol-water interactions by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Biochim. Biophys. Acta.150:333-340.

    12. Moce E. and Graham J.K. (2006) Cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins added to raw bull ejaculates improves sperm cryosurvival. J. Anim. Sci. 84:826-833.

    13. Purdy P.H. and Graham J.K. (2004) Effect of adding cholesterol to bull sperm membranes on sperm capacitation, the acrosome reaction, and fertility. Biol. Reprod.71:522-527.

    14. Salisbury G. W., VanDemark N. L. and Lodge J. R. (1978) Physiology of reproduction and artificial insemination of cattle 2nd ed. by W.H.Freeman and Company. pp: 268-274.

    15. Sparr E., Halin L., Markova N. and Wennerstrom, H. (2002) Phospholipids-cholesterol bilayers under osmotic stress. Biophys. J. 83: 2015-2025.

    16. Strom H, B., Larsson B., Linde-Forsberg C. and Rodriguez-Martinez H. (2000) Evaluation of chilled and frozen-thawed canine spermatozoa using a zona pellucida binding assay. J. Reprod. Fert. 119: 201-206.

    17. Sukardi S., Curry M.R. and Watson P.F. (1997) Simultaneous detection of the acrosomal status and viability of incubated ram spermatozoa using fluorescent markers. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 46:89-96.

    18. Witte T.S. and Schafer-somi S. (2007) Involvement of cholesterol, calcium and progesterone in the induction of capacitation and acrosome reaction of mammalian spermatozoa. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 102: 181-193.

    19. White I.G. and Darin-Bennett A. (1976) The lipids of spermatozoa in relation to cold shock. In: Proceedings of the 8th Congress on Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination. p. 951-954.

    20. Yanagimachi R. (1994) Mammalian fertilization, In: Physiology of Reproduction. 2nd Knobil E. and J. D. Neill, eds. Raven press, New York, pp. A189-A317.

    21. Yeagle D.L. (1985) Cholesterol and the cell membrane. Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 822:267-287.
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