Bovine viral diarrhoea(BVD) virus antiviral activity of Korean Tung Tree (Aleurites fordii) extracts in vivo
Submitted|
First Online 18-12-2024|
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the Bovine viral diarrhoea(BVD) virus antiviral effect of Aleurites fordii (tung tree) extract. First, a cytotoxicity test on MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine kidney) cells took place at various n-Hexane and ethyl acetate extract concentrations. Each of the extracts’ cytotoxicity test results had 0.03mg/ml of n-Hexane and 0.06 mg/ml of ethyl acetate. In the tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay, 0.03 mg/ml of the ethyl acetate extracts decreased the BVD virus by 1.4 log, whereas the other extracts did not show any antiviral activity. The results suggest that ethyl acetate extracts and fractions of Aleurites fordii can replace chemical antivirus substances.
KEYWORDS
REFERENCES
- Baker, J. C. (1995). The clinical manifestations of bovine viral diarrhea infection. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice, 11: 425-45.
- Braoudaki, M. and Hilton, A. C. (2004). Adaptive resistance to biocides in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157 and cross-resistance to antimicrobial agents. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42: 73-8.
- Braun, U., Reichle, S. F., Reichert, C., Hassig, M., Stalder, H. P., Bachofen, C. & Peterhans, E. (2014). Sheep persistently infected with Border disease readily transmit virus to calves seronegative to BVD virus. Veterinary Microbiology, 168: 98-104.
- Brownlie, J. 1985. Clinical aspects of the bovine virus diarrhoea/mucosal disease complex in cattle. In practice, 7: 195-202.
- Choi, K. H., Groarke, J. M., Young, D. C., Kuhn, R. J., Smith, J. L., Pevear, D. C. & Rossmann, M. G. 2004. The structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from bovine viral diarrhea virus establishes the role of GTP in de novo initiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101: 4425-30.
- Duffell, S. J. and Harkness, J. W. (1985). Bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease infection in cattle. The Veterinary Record, 117: 240-C5.
- Fraise, A. P. (2002). Biocide abuse and antimicrobial resistance a cause for concern? The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 49:11-2.
- Fuangthong, M., Julotok, M., Chintana, W., Kuhn, K., Rittiroongrad, S., Vattanaviboon, P. and Mongkolsuk, S. (2011). Exposure of Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 to the biocide chlorhexidine leads to acquired resistance to the biocide itself and to oxidants. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66: 319-22.
- Guy, E. S. & Mallampalli, A. (2008). Managing TB in the 21st century: existing and novel drug therapies. Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, 2: 401-408.
- Houe, H. (1999). Epidemiological features and economical importance of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections. Veterinary Microbiology, 64: 89-107.
- Ito, Y., Yanase, S., Tokuda, H., Kishishita, M., Ohigashi, H., Hirota, M. and Koshimizu, K. (1983). Epstein-Barr virus activation by tung oil, extracts of Aleurites fordii and its diterpene ester 12-O-hexadecanoyl-16-hydroxyphorbol- 13-acetate. Cancer letters, 18: 87-95.
- Kalan, L. and Wright, G. (2011). Antibiotic adjuvants: multicomponent antiinfective strategies. Expert Rev. Mol. Med, 13 (e): 5.
- Pan, Y., Pan, L., Chen, L., Zhang, L., Nevo, E. and Peng, J. (2013). Development of microsatellite markers in the oil- producing species Vernicia fordii, a potential biodiesel feedstock. Applications in Plant Sciences 1: 1200004?
- Pei, Y. H., Kim, J. W., Kang, H. B., Lee, H. K., Kim, C. S., Song, H. H., Chin, Y. W. and Oh, S. R. (2012). Tigliane diterpene esters with IFN gamma-inducing activity from the leaves of Aleurites fordii. Bioorganic and Medicinal chemistry Letters, 22: 2318-20.
- Pei, Y. H., Kwon, O. K., Lee, J. S., Cha, H. J., Ahn, K. S., Oh, S. R., Lee, H. K. & Chin, Y. W. (2013). Triterpenes with cytotoxicity from the leaves of Vernicia fordii. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 61: 674-7.
- Pencreac’h, G., Graille, J., Pina, M. and Verger, R. (2002). An ultraviolet spectrophotometric assay for measuring lipase activity using long-chain triacyglycerols from Aleurites fordii seeds. Analytical Biochemistry, 303: 17-24.
- Schonemann, A. and Edwards, H. G. (2011). Raman and FTIR microspectroscopic study of the alteration of Chinese tung oil and related drying oils during ageing. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 400: 1173-80.
- Shang, Q., Jiang, W., Lu, H. and Liang, B. (2010). Properties of Tung oil biodiesel and its blends with 0# diesel. Bioresource Technology, 101: 826-8.
- Shin, W. J., Lee, K. H., Park, M. H. and Seong, B. L. (2010). Broad-spectrum antiviral effect of Agrimonia pilosa extract on influenza viruses. Microbiology and Immunology, 54: 11-9.
- Sia, I. G. and Wieland, M. L. (2011). Current concepts in the management of tuberculosis. Mayo Clinic proceedings. Mayo Clinic, 86:348-61.
- Taniguchi, S., Uechi, K., Kato, R., Ito, H., Hatano, T., Yazaki, K. & Yoshida, T. (2002). Accumulation of hydrolyzable tannins by Aleurites fordii callus culture. Planta Medica, 68: 1145-6.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.