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volume 49 issue 1 (february 2015) : 91-94,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00019.9

Isolation and molecular confirmation of Mycoplasma synoviae infection from broiler breeder farms in Tamilnadu

G
G. Senthilnathan*
S
S. Shenbagam
T
T. Suryanarayana
M
M. Thiyageeswaran
1Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College (KVAFSU), Bangalore -560 024, India.
Cite article:- Senthilnathan* G., Shenbagam S., Suryanarayana T., Thiyageeswaran M. (2025). Isolation and molecular confirmation of Mycoplasma synoviae infection from broiler breeder farms in Tamilnadu. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 49(1): 91-94. doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00019.9.

ABSTRACT

The presence of pathogenic mycoplasma species in the population of respiratory disease suspected broiler breeder birds in two commercial poultry farms of Tamil Nadu was investigated. A total of 144 samples were collected from suspected rearing breeder birds and examined by culture and species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting 16S rRNA of Mycoplasma synoviae (MS). 28 samples were found unfit due to high growth of contaminants and hence discarded. The samples showing whirlpool growth in liquid medium (suggestive of mycoplasma) were then inoculated on to solid medium and incubated anaerobically. 42 out of 116 (36.2%) samples showed whirlpool growth and were streaked on to solid medium, however “fried egg” like micro colonies of mycoplasma was evidenced in only 18 samples (15.5%) on day 5 after inoculation.  The samples left after discarding the contaminated tubes were subjected to PCR with species specific primer of M. Synoviae. 57 out of 116 samples (49.1%) showed positivity to 207 bp (16s rRNA) product of MS. The nucleotide analysis of amplicon showed 96% homology with reference strain by BLAST analysis. This study revealed that MS infection represents a very serious issue to be considered in rearing broiler breeder birds.

REFERENCES

  1. Bradbury, J.M. (2001) Avian Mycoplasmosis. In: Poultry Diseases [Jordan, D and Raragher, T. (eds)], 5th edn, W. B. Saunders Company, London. pp. 178-193.
  2. Bradbury, J.M. and Jordan, F. (2003) Avian mycoplasmosis. In: Poultry Diseases [Jordan, F. et al. (eds)], Bailliere Tindal, London. pp. 47-85.
  3. FAO. (2008) Poultry Sector Country review – India: FAO Animal Production and Health division.
  4. Feberwee, A., Wit, J.J. and Landman, W.J.M. (2007) Mycoplasma synoviae associated eggshell apex abnormalities. In: Proceedings of the 15th World Veterinary Poultry Congress, Beijing, China. pp. 234.
  5. Hopkins, S.R. and Yoder, H.W. (1982) Influence of infectious bronchitis strains and vaccines on the incidence of Mycoplasma synoviae airsacculitis. Avian Diseases, 26: 741-752.
  6. Jordan, F.T.W. and Amin, M.M. (1975) The isolation of mycoplasma from avian species. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Taxonomy and Physiology of Animal Mycoplasma, Brno. pp. 85-95.
  7. Kempf, I. (1996) DNA amplification methods for diagnosis and epidemiological investigations of avian mycoplasmosis. Avian Pathology, 27: 7-14.
  8. Kleven, S.H. (2003) Mycoplasma synoviae infection. In: Diseases of Poultry [Saif, Y.M., Barnes, H.J., Glisson, J.R., Fadly, A.M., McDougald, L.R. and Swayne, D.E. (eds)], 11th edn, Iowa University State Press, Ames. pp. 756-766.
  9. Kleven, S.H. and Noel, N.F. (2008) Mycoplasma synoviae infection. In: Diseases of Poultry [Saif, Y.M., Barnes, H.J., Glisson, J.R., Fadly, A.M., McDougald, L.R. and Swayne, D.E. (eds)], 11th edn, Iowa University State Press, Ames. pp. 845-856.
  10. Lauerman, L.H., Hoerr, F.J., Sharpton, A.R., Shah, S.M. and Van Santen V.L. (1993) Development and application of a polymerase chain reaction assay for Mycoplasma synoviae. Avian Diseases, 37: 829-34.
  11. Lauerman, L.H., Chilina, A.R., Closser, J.A. and Johansen, D. (1995) Avian mycoplasma identification using polymerase chain reaction amplicon and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Avian Diseases, 39: 804-11.
  12. Ley, D.H. (2003) Mycoplasmosis/Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. In: Diseases of Poultry, Saif, Y. M. (ed), 11th edn, Iowa State University Press, Ames. pp. 194–207.
  13. Marois, C., Gesbert, F.O. and Kempf, I. (2000) Detection of Mycoplasma synoviae in poultry environmental samples by culture and PCR. Veterinary Microbiology, 73: 311-18.
  14. Mohammed, H.O., Carpenter, T.E. and Yamamoto, R. (1987) Economic impact of M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae in commercial flocks. Avian Diseases, 31: 477-482.
  15. Nascimento, E.R., Yamamoto, R., Herrick, K.R. and Tait, R.C. (1991) Polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Avian Diseases, 35: 62-69.
  16. OIE. (2008) Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals.
  17. Olson, N.O. and Meadows, J.K. (1972) The Nicotine Adenine Dinucleotide requirement of Mycoplasma synoviae. Avian Diseases, 16: 387-396.
  18. Ramadass, P., Ananthi, R., Senthil Kumar T.M.A., Venkatesh, G. and Ramaswamy, V. (2006) Isolation and characterization of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae from poultry. Indian. J. Anim. Sci, 76: 796-98.
  19. Saritha, N.S., Veeregowda, B.M., Reddy, G.R., Rathnamma, D., Leena, G., Vinay Kumar, Y.L., Prem Sagar and Nagaraja, C.S. (2010) Isolation and molecular characterization of M. synoviae from chicken. Indian. J. Anim. Sci, 80: 497-499.
  20. Sato, S. (1976) Mycoplasma synoviae infection in chickens. Jpn. agric. Res. Q., 10: 94-100.
  21. Sato, S. (1996) Avian Mycoplasmosis in Asia. Rev. Sci. tech. Off. Epiz, 15: 1555-1567.
  22. Seifi, S and Shirzad, M.R. (2012) Incidence and risk factors of Mycoplasma synoviae infection in broiler breeder farms of Iran. Vet. World, 5: 265-268.
  23. Whitford, H.W., Rosenbusch, R.F. and Lauerman, L.H. (1994) In: Mycoplasmosis in Animals; Laboratory Diagnosis, 1st edn. Iowa State University Press, Ames.
  24. Yoder, H.W. (1984) Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. In: Diseases of poultry, Hofstad, M.S. (ed), 8th edn, Iowa State University Press, Ames. pp. 190-202.zchenthil00092@gmail.com
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    volume 49 issue 1 (february 2015) : 91-94,   Doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00019.9

    Isolation and molecular confirmation of Mycoplasma synoviae infection from broiler breeder farms in Tamilnadu

    G
    G. Senthilnathan*
    S
    S. Shenbagam
    T
    T. Suryanarayana
    M
    M. Thiyageeswaran
    1Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College (KVAFSU), Bangalore -560 024, India.
    Cite article:- Senthilnathan* G., Shenbagam S., Suryanarayana T., Thiyageeswaran M. (2025). Isolation and molecular confirmation of Mycoplasma synoviae infection from broiler breeder farms in Tamilnadu. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 49(1): 91-94. doi: 10.5958/0976-0555.2015.00019.9.

    ABSTRACT

    The presence of pathogenic mycoplasma species in the population of respiratory disease suspected broiler breeder birds in two commercial poultry farms of Tamil Nadu was investigated. A total of 144 samples were collected from suspected rearing breeder birds and examined by culture and species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting 16S rRNA of Mycoplasma synoviae (MS). 28 samples were found unfit due to high growth of contaminants and hence discarded. The samples showing whirlpool growth in liquid medium (suggestive of mycoplasma) were then inoculated on to solid medium and incubated anaerobically. 42 out of 116 (36.2%) samples showed whirlpool growth and were streaked on to solid medium, however “fried egg” like micro colonies of mycoplasma was evidenced in only 18 samples (15.5%) on day 5 after inoculation.  The samples left after discarding the contaminated tubes were subjected to PCR with species specific primer of M. Synoviae. 57 out of 116 samples (49.1%) showed positivity to 207 bp (16s rRNA) product of MS. The nucleotide analysis of amplicon showed 96% homology with reference strain by BLAST analysis. This study revealed that MS infection represents a very serious issue to be considered in rearing broiler breeder birds.

    REFERENCES

    1. Bradbury, J.M. (2001) Avian Mycoplasmosis. In: Poultry Diseases [Jordan, D and Raragher, T. (eds)], 5th edn, W. B. Saunders Company, London. pp. 178-193.
    2. Bradbury, J.M. and Jordan, F. (2003) Avian mycoplasmosis. In: Poultry Diseases [Jordan, F. et al. (eds)], Bailliere Tindal, London. pp. 47-85.
    3. FAO. (2008) Poultry Sector Country review – India: FAO Animal Production and Health division.
    4. Feberwee, A., Wit, J.J. and Landman, W.J.M. (2007) Mycoplasma synoviae associated eggshell apex abnormalities. In: Proceedings of the 15th World Veterinary Poultry Congress, Beijing, China. pp. 234.
    5. Hopkins, S.R. and Yoder, H.W. (1982) Influence of infectious bronchitis strains and vaccines on the incidence of Mycoplasma synoviae airsacculitis. Avian Diseases, 26: 741-752.
    6. Jordan, F.T.W. and Amin, M.M. (1975) The isolation of mycoplasma from avian species. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Taxonomy and Physiology of Animal Mycoplasma, Brno. pp. 85-95.
    7. Kempf, I. (1996) DNA amplification methods for diagnosis and epidemiological investigations of avian mycoplasmosis. Avian Pathology, 27: 7-14.
    8. Kleven, S.H. (2003) Mycoplasma synoviae infection. In: Diseases of Poultry [Saif, Y.M., Barnes, H.J., Glisson, J.R., Fadly, A.M., McDougald, L.R. and Swayne, D.E. (eds)], 11th edn, Iowa University State Press, Ames. pp. 756-766.
    9. Kleven, S.H. and Noel, N.F. (2008) Mycoplasma synoviae infection. In: Diseases of Poultry [Saif, Y.M., Barnes, H.J., Glisson, J.R., Fadly, A.M., McDougald, L.R. and Swayne, D.E. (eds)], 11th edn, Iowa University State Press, Ames. pp. 845-856.
    10. Lauerman, L.H., Hoerr, F.J., Sharpton, A.R., Shah, S.M. and Van Santen V.L. (1993) Development and application of a polymerase chain reaction assay for Mycoplasma synoviae. Avian Diseases, 37: 829-34.
    11. Lauerman, L.H., Chilina, A.R., Closser, J.A. and Johansen, D. (1995) Avian mycoplasma identification using polymerase chain reaction amplicon and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Avian Diseases, 39: 804-11.
    12. Ley, D.H. (2003) Mycoplasmosis/Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. In: Diseases of Poultry, Saif, Y. M. (ed), 11th edn, Iowa State University Press, Ames. pp. 194–207.
    13. Marois, C., Gesbert, F.O. and Kempf, I. (2000) Detection of Mycoplasma synoviae in poultry environmental samples by culture and PCR. Veterinary Microbiology, 73: 311-18.
    14. Mohammed, H.O., Carpenter, T.E. and Yamamoto, R. (1987) Economic impact of M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae in commercial flocks. Avian Diseases, 31: 477-482.
    15. Nascimento, E.R., Yamamoto, R., Herrick, K.R. and Tait, R.C. (1991) Polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Avian Diseases, 35: 62-69.
    16. OIE. (2008) Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals.
    17. Olson, N.O. and Meadows, J.K. (1972) The Nicotine Adenine Dinucleotide requirement of Mycoplasma synoviae. Avian Diseases, 16: 387-396.
    18. Ramadass, P., Ananthi, R., Senthil Kumar T.M.A., Venkatesh, G. and Ramaswamy, V. (2006) Isolation and characterization of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae from poultry. Indian. J. Anim. Sci, 76: 796-98.
    19. Saritha, N.S., Veeregowda, B.M., Reddy, G.R., Rathnamma, D., Leena, G., Vinay Kumar, Y.L., Prem Sagar and Nagaraja, C.S. (2010) Isolation and molecular characterization of M. synoviae from chicken. Indian. J. Anim. Sci, 80: 497-499.
    20. Sato, S. (1976) Mycoplasma synoviae infection in chickens. Jpn. agric. Res. Q., 10: 94-100.
    21. Sato, S. (1996) Avian Mycoplasmosis in Asia. Rev. Sci. tech. Off. Epiz, 15: 1555-1567.
    22. Seifi, S and Shirzad, M.R. (2012) Incidence and risk factors of Mycoplasma synoviae infection in broiler breeder farms of Iran. Vet. World, 5: 265-268.
    23. Whitford, H.W., Rosenbusch, R.F. and Lauerman, L.H. (1994) In: Mycoplasmosis in Animals; Laboratory Diagnosis, 1st edn. Iowa State University Press, Ames.
    24. Yoder, H.W. (1984) Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. In: Diseases of poultry, Hofstad, M.S. (ed), 8th edn, Iowa State University Press, Ames. pp. 190-202.zchenthil00092@gmail.com
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