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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 48 issue 2 (april 2014) : 182-187,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.2.038

CLINICO- ANAESTHETIC CHANGES IN DOGS FOLLOWING EPIDURAL ADMINISTRATION OF KETAMINE AND BUPRENORPHINE

R
R.P. Ram
L
L.L. Dass
A
A.K.Sharma*
1College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi-834 006, India
Cite article:- Ram R.P., Dass L.L., A.K.Sharma* (2025). CLINICO- ANAESTHETIC CHANGES IN DOGS FOLLOWING EPIDURAL ADMINISTRATION OF KETAMINE AND BUPRENORPHINE. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 48(2): 182-187. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.2.038.

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted in 10 clinically healthy male/female mongrel dogs of about one year of age. They were randomly divided in to two groups containing five dogs in each group.Ketamine hydrochloride @3 mg/kgbwt  in group I and Ketamine @3mg/kg bwt in combination with buprenorphine @ 0.00s mg/kg bwt in group II were administered at lumbosacral space. Rectal temperature, heart rate and respiration rate were significantly higher at the initial intervals in both the groups , however, these values returned toward normalcy by the end of observation. The onset of analgesia was significantly lower (P

REFERENCES

  1. Adetunji, A., Ajadi R.A. and Aladesawe, T.A. (2001). A comparison of epidural anaesthesia with lignocaine bupivacaine and lignocaine / bupivacaine Mixture in dogs. Israel J. of Vet. Med., 56:1-6.
  2. Aithal, H. P. Amarpal, Pratap, K. and Singh, G.R., (1996). Clinical effects of epidurally administered ketamine and xylazine in goats. Small Rumin, Res., 24: 55- 64.
  3. Aithal, Amarpal H.P., Singh, G.R.(1998). Epidural use of ketamine for hindquarter analgesia in dogs. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 68:554.
  4. Amarpal, Aithal, H.P., Singh, G.R. and Bisth, G. S. (1999). Preemptive effects of epidural ketamine for analgesia in dogs. Indian Vet. J., 76 : 300-303.
  5. Amarpal, Aithal, H.P., Kinjavdekar, P. and Singh, G.R. (1998). Effects of epidural ketamine and pethidine in dogs. Indian J. Vet. Surg., 19(1): 62.
  6. Amarpal, Aithal, H.P., Kinjavdekar, P. and Singh, G.R. (2003). Interaction between epidurally administered ketamine and pethidine in dogs. J. Vet. Medicine. A 50: 254 – 258.
  7. Atalan, G., Uzun, M., Demirkan, I., Yildiz, S., and Cenesiz, M. (2002). Effect of medetomidine-Butorphanol- Ketamine Anaesthesia and Atipamezole on heart and respiratory rate and cloacal temperature of domestic pigeons. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. A 49 (6):281-285.
  8. Booth,N.H. (1981). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 4th edn., ed. by L. Mayer Jones, Nicholas H. Booth, W. Both, Leslie E. McDonald. Oxford & IBH Published Co. New Delhi, Bombay & Calcuta. 436- 445.
  9. Brodbelt, D.C., Taylor, P.M. and Stanway, G.W.(1997). A comparison of preoperative morphine and buprenorphine for post-operative analgesia for arthrotomy in dogs. J.Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 20:284-289.
  10. Chaney, M.A.(1995). Side effects of intrathecal and epidural opioids. Can J.Anaesth., 42:891-903.
  11. Cousins, M.J.,and Mather, L. E. (1984). Intrathecal and epidural administration of opioids. Anaesthesiology, 61: 276-310.
  12. Crisp, T., Perrotti, J.M. and Smith, D.L. (1991). The local monoaminergic dependency of spinal ketamine. Eur J Pharmacol., 194: 167-172.
  13. De Rossi, R., Smpaio, B. F.B., Varela, J.V. and Junqueira, A.L. (2004). Perineal analgesia and hemodynamic effects of the epidural administration of meperidine or hyperbaric bupivacaine in counscious horses. Can Vet. J., 45:42-47.
  14. Duque, M. J. C., Valadao, C. A., Farias, A., De Almeida, R. M. and Oleskovicz, N. (2004). Pre-emptive epidural ketamine or S(+)-ketamine in post-incisional pain in dogs: a comparative study. Vet. Surg. 33: 361.
  15. Forman, L.J. (1999). NMDA receptor antagonism produces antinoception which is partially mediated by brain opioid and dopamine. Life Sci., 64:1877-87.
  16. Gomez de Segura, I.A., De Rossi, R., Santos, M., San Roman, J. and Tendillo, F. J. (1998) Epidural injection of ketamine for perineal analgesia in the horse. Vet. Surg., 27: 384-391.
  17. Hall, L.W. and Clarke, K.W. (1991). Veterinary Anaesthesia. 9th Edn., Bailliere Tindall, London, pp: 324-327.
  18. Hustveit. O., Maurset, A. and Oye, I. (1995). Interaction of the chiral forms of ketamine with opioid, phencyclidine, sigma and muscarinic receptors. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 77:355-359.
  19. Kumar, A., Pandiya, S.C. and Singh, H. (1979). Canine Anesthesia with a combination of ketamine and xylazine in experimental and clinical cases. Indian J. Anim. Health,18:39.
  20. Lin, H.C.(1996). Dissociative anaesthetics. In: Lumb and Jone’s Veterinary Anaesthesia, edn. Thurman, J.C., Tranquilli, W.J. and Benson, G.J., Williams and Wilkins, Lea and Febiger, p.243.
  21. Mohan, V.K., Batra, Y.K., Vaidyanathan, S., and Puri, G.D. (1995). Analgesic and urodynamic effects of epidural meperidine and pentazocine- a comparative study. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 33:34-37.
  22. Parker, J.L. and Adams, H.R.(1978).The influence of chemical restraining agents on cardiovascular function: a review. Lab. Anim. Sci.,28:575-83.
  23. Pascoe P.J. (2000). Opioid analgesia. Vet. Clin. North. Am. Small Anim Pract., 30:757-72.
  24. Pasqualucci,V., Tantucci, C., Paoletti, F. and Paoletti, F. (1987). Buprenorphine vs morphine via the epidural route. A controlled comparative clinical study of respiratory effects and analgesic activity. Pain, 29 : 273-286.
  25. Rao, K.N.M., Rao, K.V., Makkena, S. and Naidu,K.S. (1999). Ketamine as an epidural anaesthetic in dogs. Indian Vet. J., 76: 61-61.
  26. Schmid, R.L., Sandler, A.N. and Katz, J. (1999). Use and efficacy of low-dose ketamine in the management of acute postoperative pain: a review of current techniques and outcomes. Pain, 82: 111-125.
  27. Shah, V. R., Rawal, R. and Marda, M. K. (2006). Pre-emptive effect of epidural buprenorphine with ketamine on post operative pain after urinary tract surgery. Indian J. Anaesthesia, 50 (4): 271-274.
  28. Sharma ,Y.K., Pandey, S.S., Pandey, S.K. and Sharma, R.K. (2005).Clinico- physiological effects of epidural buprenorphine in combinations with bupivacaine, xylazine or ketamine in dogs. Indian J. Vet. Surg., 26: 43-44.
  29. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1994). Statistical Methods 8th Edn. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.
  30. Stepien, R. C., Bonagura, J. D. and Bednarbki, R. M.(1995). Cardiorespiratory effects of acepromazine maliate and buprenorphine hydrochloride in clinically normal dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res., 56: 78-84.
  31. Torske, K.E. and Dyson, D.H. (2000). Epidural analgesia and anesthesia. Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract., 30: 859-874.
  32. White, P. F., Way, W. L. and Trevor, A.J. (1982). Ketamine – its pharmacology and therapeutic uses. Anaesthesiology, 56 :119.
  33. Wolff, J., Carl, P. and Carnford, M.E. (1986). Epidural buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia, a controlled comparison with epidural morphine. Anaesth.,41: 76-79.
  34. Wong, C.S., Shen, T. T., Liaw, W.J., Cheng, C.H. and Ho, S.T.(1996). Epidural coadministration of ketamine, morphine and bupivacaine attenuates post – hepatic neuralgia – A case report. Acta Anaesthesiol. Sin, 34:151-155.
  35. Yaksh, T.L. (1996) Epidural ketamine: a useful, mechanistically novel adjuvant for epidural morphine? Reg. Anesth., 21: 508-513.
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    volume 48 issue 2 (april 2014) : 182-187,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.2.038

    CLINICO- ANAESTHETIC CHANGES IN DOGS FOLLOWING EPIDURAL ADMINISTRATION OF KETAMINE AND BUPRENORPHINE

    R
    R.P. Ram
    L
    L.L. Dass
    A
    A.K.Sharma*
    1College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi-834 006, India
    Cite article:- Ram R.P., Dass L.L., A.K.Sharma* (2025). CLINICO- ANAESTHETIC CHANGES IN DOGS FOLLOWING EPIDURAL ADMINISTRATION OF KETAMINE AND BUPRENORPHINE. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 48(2): 182-187. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.2.038.

    ABSTRACT

    The study was conducted in 10 clinically healthy male/female mongrel dogs of about one year of age. They were randomly divided in to two groups containing five dogs in each group.Ketamine hydrochloride @3 mg/kgbwt  in group I and Ketamine @3mg/kg bwt in combination with buprenorphine @ 0.00s mg/kg bwt in group II were administered at lumbosacral space. Rectal temperature, heart rate and respiration rate were significantly higher at the initial intervals in both the groups , however, these values returned toward normalcy by the end of observation. The onset of analgesia was significantly lower (P

    REFERENCES

    1. Adetunji, A., Ajadi R.A. and Aladesawe, T.A. (2001). A comparison of epidural anaesthesia with lignocaine bupivacaine and lignocaine / bupivacaine Mixture in dogs. Israel J. of Vet. Med., 56:1-6.
    2. Aithal, H. P. Amarpal, Pratap, K. and Singh, G.R., (1996). Clinical effects of epidurally administered ketamine and xylazine in goats. Small Rumin, Res., 24: 55- 64.
    3. Aithal, Amarpal H.P., Singh, G.R.(1998). Epidural use of ketamine for hindquarter analgesia in dogs. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 68:554.
    4. Amarpal, Aithal, H.P., Singh, G.R. and Bisth, G. S. (1999). Preemptive effects of epidural ketamine for analgesia in dogs. Indian Vet. J., 76 : 300-303.
    5. Amarpal, Aithal, H.P., Kinjavdekar, P. and Singh, G.R. (1998). Effects of epidural ketamine and pethidine in dogs. Indian J. Vet. Surg., 19(1): 62.
    6. Amarpal, Aithal, H.P., Kinjavdekar, P. and Singh, G.R. (2003). Interaction between epidurally administered ketamine and pethidine in dogs. J. Vet. Medicine. A 50: 254 – 258.
    7. Atalan, G., Uzun, M., Demirkan, I., Yildiz, S., and Cenesiz, M. (2002). Effect of medetomidine-Butorphanol- Ketamine Anaesthesia and Atipamezole on heart and respiratory rate and cloacal temperature of domestic pigeons. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. A 49 (6):281-285.
    8. Booth,N.H. (1981). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 4th edn., ed. by L. Mayer Jones, Nicholas H. Booth, W. Both, Leslie E. McDonald. Oxford & IBH Published Co. New Delhi, Bombay & Calcuta. 436- 445.
    9. Brodbelt, D.C., Taylor, P.M. and Stanway, G.W.(1997). A comparison of preoperative morphine and buprenorphine for post-operative analgesia for arthrotomy in dogs. J.Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 20:284-289.
    10. Chaney, M.A.(1995). Side effects of intrathecal and epidural opioids. Can J.Anaesth., 42:891-903.
    11. Cousins, M.J.,and Mather, L. E. (1984). Intrathecal and epidural administration of opioids. Anaesthesiology, 61: 276-310.
    12. Crisp, T., Perrotti, J.M. and Smith, D.L. (1991). The local monoaminergic dependency of spinal ketamine. Eur J Pharmacol., 194: 167-172.
    13. De Rossi, R., Smpaio, B. F.B., Varela, J.V. and Junqueira, A.L. (2004). Perineal analgesia and hemodynamic effects of the epidural administration of meperidine or hyperbaric bupivacaine in counscious horses. Can Vet. J., 45:42-47.
    14. Duque, M. J. C., Valadao, C. A., Farias, A., De Almeida, R. M. and Oleskovicz, N. (2004). Pre-emptive epidural ketamine or S(+)-ketamine in post-incisional pain in dogs: a comparative study. Vet. Surg. 33: 361.
    15. Forman, L.J. (1999). NMDA receptor antagonism produces antinoception which is partially mediated by brain opioid and dopamine. Life Sci., 64:1877-87.
    16. Gomez de Segura, I.A., De Rossi, R., Santos, M., San Roman, J. and Tendillo, F. J. (1998) Epidural injection of ketamine for perineal analgesia in the horse. Vet. Surg., 27: 384-391.
    17. Hall, L.W. and Clarke, K.W. (1991). Veterinary Anaesthesia. 9th Edn., Bailliere Tindall, London, pp: 324-327.
    18. Hustveit. O., Maurset, A. and Oye, I. (1995). Interaction of the chiral forms of ketamine with opioid, phencyclidine, sigma and muscarinic receptors. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 77:355-359.
    19. Kumar, A., Pandiya, S.C. and Singh, H. (1979). Canine Anesthesia with a combination of ketamine and xylazine in experimental and clinical cases. Indian J. Anim. Health,18:39.
    20. Lin, H.C.(1996). Dissociative anaesthetics. In: Lumb and Jone’s Veterinary Anaesthesia, edn. Thurman, J.C., Tranquilli, W.J. and Benson, G.J., Williams and Wilkins, Lea and Febiger, p.243.
    21. Mohan, V.K., Batra, Y.K., Vaidyanathan, S., and Puri, G.D. (1995). Analgesic and urodynamic effects of epidural meperidine and pentazocine- a comparative study. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 33:34-37.
    22. Parker, J.L. and Adams, H.R.(1978).The influence of chemical restraining agents on cardiovascular function: a review. Lab. Anim. Sci.,28:575-83.
    23. Pascoe P.J. (2000). Opioid analgesia. Vet. Clin. North. Am. Small Anim Pract., 30:757-72.
    24. Pasqualucci,V., Tantucci, C., Paoletti, F. and Paoletti, F. (1987). Buprenorphine vs morphine via the epidural route. A controlled comparative clinical study of respiratory effects and analgesic activity. Pain, 29 : 273-286.
    25. Rao, K.N.M., Rao, K.V., Makkena, S. and Naidu,K.S. (1999). Ketamine as an epidural anaesthetic in dogs. Indian Vet. J., 76: 61-61.
    26. Schmid, R.L., Sandler, A.N. and Katz, J. (1999). Use and efficacy of low-dose ketamine in the management of acute postoperative pain: a review of current techniques and outcomes. Pain, 82: 111-125.
    27. Shah, V. R., Rawal, R. and Marda, M. K. (2006). Pre-emptive effect of epidural buprenorphine with ketamine on post operative pain after urinary tract surgery. Indian J. Anaesthesia, 50 (4): 271-274.
    28. Sharma ,Y.K., Pandey, S.S., Pandey, S.K. and Sharma, R.K. (2005).Clinico- physiological effects of epidural buprenorphine in combinations with bupivacaine, xylazine or ketamine in dogs. Indian J. Vet. Surg., 26: 43-44.
    29. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1994). Statistical Methods 8th Edn. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.
    30. Stepien, R. C., Bonagura, J. D. and Bednarbki, R. M.(1995). Cardiorespiratory effects of acepromazine maliate and buprenorphine hydrochloride in clinically normal dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res., 56: 78-84.
    31. Torske, K.E. and Dyson, D.H. (2000). Epidural analgesia and anesthesia. Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract., 30: 859-874.
    32. White, P. F., Way, W. L. and Trevor, A.J. (1982). Ketamine – its pharmacology and therapeutic uses. Anaesthesiology, 56 :119.
    33. Wolff, J., Carl, P. and Carnford, M.E. (1986). Epidural buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia, a controlled comparison with epidural morphine. Anaesth.,41: 76-79.
    34. Wong, C.S., Shen, T. T., Liaw, W.J., Cheng, C.H. and Ho, S.T.(1996). Epidural coadministration of ketamine, morphine and bupivacaine attenuates post – hepatic neuralgia – A case report. Acta Anaesthesiol. Sin, 34:151-155.
    35. Yaksh, T.L. (1996) Epidural ketamine: a useful, mechanistically novel adjuvant for epidural morphine? Reg. Anesth., 21: 508-513.
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