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volume 48 issue 1 (february 2014) : 14-20,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.1.004

EFFECTS OF FAT SOURCES ON DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMEN FERMENTATION IN CROSSBRED THAI NATIVE X BRAHMAN BULLS

W
Wantanee Polviset
C
Chalong Wachiraprakorn*
C
Chalermpon Yuangklang1
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, KhonKaen University, KhonKaen, Thailand
Cite article:- Polviset Wantanee, Wachiraprakorn* Chalong, Yuangklang1 Chalermpon (2025). EFFECTS OF FAT SOURCES ON DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMEN FERMENTATION IN CROSSBRED THAI NATIVE X BRAHMAN BULLS. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 48(1): 14-20. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.1.004.

ABSTRACT

Four rumen-fistulated crossbred Thai native x Brahman bulls were allotted to receive total mixed ration at 2% BW. The ration contained cracked cottonseed (cCS) or cotton oil (CO) or cracked sunflower seed (cSFS) or sunflower oil (SFO) as fat sources. The cattle were randomly assigned according to a 4 x 4 latin square design. Each period of feeding lasted for 21 days. The results revealed that supplementation of fat from different sources did not affect feed intake. However, supplementation of cCS and cSFS trended to improve the digestibility of dry matter (DM) andorganic matter (OM) as compared with the supplementation of CO and SFO. The values of rumen pH and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3–N) ranged from6.61-6.86 and 42.44-51.09 mg/dl respectively, these did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between the dietary treatment groups. In addition, acetic acid concentration was higher in TMR containing cCS than in TMR containing CO, cSFS and SFO. It was concluded that using cCS as fat source in diet improvesthe nutrient digestibility without any change in rumen fermentation.

REFERENCES

  1. Anderson, M. J., Adams D. C., Lamb R. C., and Walters J. L.. (1979). Feeding whole cottonseed to lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 62: 1098-1103.
  2. AOAC. (1984). Offical Methods of Analysis.14thed. The Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, D.C.
  3. Atasoglu, C., Valdes C., Walker N. D., Newbold C. J., and Wallace R. J.. (1998). De novo synthesis of amino acids by the ruminal bacteria Prevotella bryantii B14, Selenomonas ruminantium HD4, and Streptococcus bovis ES1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 2836–2843.
  4. Bauman, D. E., Corl B. A., and Peterson D. G. (2003). The biology of conjugated linoleic acids in ruminants. In: Se’be’dio, J.-L., Christie, W.W., Adlof, R.O. (Eds.), Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research. vol. 2. AOCS Press. Champaign. IL. pp. 146–173.
  5. Bremner, J. M., and Keeney D. R.. (1965). Steam distillation methods of determination of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite. Anal. Chem. Acta. 32: 485–495.
  6. Busquet, M., Calsamiglia S. , Ferret A., Carro M. D., and Kamel C.. 2005. Effect of garlic oil and four of its compounds or rumen microbial fermentation. J. Dairy Sci. 88: 4393–4404.
  7. Calhoun, M. C., Kuhlmann S. W., and Baldwin B. C.. (1995). Cotton feed product composition and gossypol availability and toxicity. In: Proceeding 2nd Natl. Alternative Feeds Symp. pp. 125-146. Missouri, Columbia.
  8. Dayani, O., Ghorbani G. R., Alikhani M., Rahmani H. R., and Mir. P. S.( 2007). Effects of dietary whole cottonseed and crude protein level on rumen protozoa population and fermentation parameters. Small Rumin. Res. 69: 36-45.
  9. Doreau, M., and Chilliard Y. (1997). Effects of ruminal or postruminal fish oil supplementation on intake and digestion in dairy cows. Rep. Nutr. Dev. 37: 113–124.
  10. Felton, E. E. D., and Kerley M. S. (2004). Performance and carcass quality of steers fed different sources of dietary fat. J.Anim. Sci. 82: 1794-1805.
  11. Goering, H. K., and Van Soeast P. J. (1970). Forage Fiber Analyses (apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications). Agric. Handbook No. 379. AR. USDA. Washington, D.C.
  12. Ivan, M., Mir P. S., Koenig K. M., Rode L. M., Neill L., Entz T., and Mir. Z. (2001). Effects of dietary sunflower seed oil on rumen protozoa population and tissue concentration of conjugated linoleicacid in sheep. Small Rum. Res. 41 : 215–227.
  13. Jenkins T.C. (1993). Symposium : Advances in ruminant lipid metabolism Lipid Metabolism in the Rumen . J. Dairy Sci 76: 3851-3863.
  14. Kearl, L.C. (1982). Nutrient Requirements of Ruminants in Developing Countries. International Feedstuffs Institute. Utah State University. Logan. p. 381.
  15. Kongmun, P., Wanapat M., Pakdee P., Navanukraw C., and Yu. Z. (2011). Manipulation of rumen fermentation and ecology of swamp buffalo by coconut oil and garlic powder supplementation. Live Sci. 135: 84–92.
  16. Markus, S.B., Wittenberg, K.M., Ingalls, R, and Undi M. (1996). Production responses by early lactation cows to sunflower seed or tallow supplementation of a diet based on barley. J. Dairy Sci. 79 : 1817–1825.
  17. Mathison, G.W., Okine E. K., McAllister T. A., Dong Y., Galbraith J., Dmytruk and O. I.N. (1998). Reducingmethane emissions fromruminant animals. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 14: 1–28.
  18. Mir, P .S., Mir Z.,. Kuber P. S, Gaskins C. T., Martin E. L., Dodson M. V., Elias Calles J. A., Johnson K. A., Busboom J. R., Wood A. J., Pittenger G. J., and Reeves J. J.. (2002). Growth, carcass characteristics, muscle conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content, and response to intravenous glucose challenge in high percentage Wagyu, Wagyu x Limousin, and Limousin steers fed sunflower oil-containing diets. J Anim Sci. 80 : 2996-3004.
  19. Palmquist, D.L., (1994). The role of dietary fats in efficiency of ruminants. J. Nutr. 124 : 1377S–1382S.
  20. Rafalowski, W., and Park C.S. (1982). Whole sunflower seed as a fat supplement for lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 65:1484-1492.
  21. Rhee, K. S., Davidson T. L., Knabe D. A., Cross H. R., Ziprin Y. A., and Rhee K. C.. (1988). Effect of dietary high-oleic sunflower oil on pork carcass traits and fatty acid profiles of raw tissues. Meat Sci. 24: 249-260.
  22. Satter, L.D., and Slyter L.L.. (1974). Effect of ammonia concentration on rumen microbial protein production in vitro. Br. J. Nutr. 32: 199-208.
  23. Shi-jun, L., Jia-qil W., Deng-pan B., Hong-yang W., Ling-yun Z., and Qiu-jiang L. (2007). The effect of dietary vegetable oilseeds supplement on fatty acid profiles in milk fat from lactating dairy cows. Agri Sci in China. 6: 1002-1008.
  24. Soliva, C. R., Hindrichsen I. K., Meile L., Kreuzer M., and Machmüller A.. (2003). Effects of mixtures of lauric and myristic acid on rumen methanogens and methanogenesis in vitro. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 37: 35–39.
  25. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. (2001). SAS/STAT1 User’s Guide. Version 8.2. SAS Institue, Cary, NC.
  26. Steel. R. G. D., and Torrie J. T. (1980). Principles and Procedures of Statistics. Mc Graw-Hill Book Co., New York.
  27. Sullivan, J. L., Huber J. T., and Harper J. M.. (1993). Performance of dairy cows fed short staple, Pima, and cracked Pima cottonseed and feed characteristics. J. Dairy Sci. 76: 3555-3561.
  28. Wanapat, M., Mapato C., Pilajun R., and Toburan W. (2011). Effects of vegetable oil supplementation on feed intake, rumen fermentation, growth performance, and carcass characteristic of growing swamp buffaloes Live Sci. 135 : 32–37.
  29. Wongnen, C., Wachirapakorn C., Patipan C., Panpong D., Kongweha K., Namsaen N., Gunun P., and Yuangklang C.( 2009). Effects of fermented total mixed ration and cracked cottonseed on milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 12: 1625 – 1632.
  30. Yuangklang, C., Vasupen K., Wittyakun S., Srinanaun P., and Sukho C. (2004). Effect of total mixed ration and fermented total mixed ration on feed intake, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites in dairy cows. In:Proceeding of the 11th AAAP Congress. New Dimensions and challenges for sustainable livestock farming. The Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  31. Zinn, R. A., and Owens F. N. (1986). A rapid procedure for purine measurement and its use for estimating net ruminal protein synthesis. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 66: 157-166.
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    volume 48 issue 1 (february 2014) : 14-20,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.1.004

    EFFECTS OF FAT SOURCES ON DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMEN FERMENTATION IN CROSSBRED THAI NATIVE X BRAHMAN BULLS

    W
    Wantanee Polviset
    C
    Chalong Wachiraprakorn*
    C
    Chalermpon Yuangklang1
    1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, KhonKaen University, KhonKaen, Thailand
    Cite article:- Polviset Wantanee, Wachiraprakorn* Chalong, Yuangklang1 Chalermpon (2025). EFFECTS OF FAT SOURCES ON DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMEN FERMENTATION IN CROSSBRED THAI NATIVE X BRAHMAN BULLS. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 48(1): 14-20. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.1.004.

    ABSTRACT

    Four rumen-fistulated crossbred Thai native x Brahman bulls were allotted to receive total mixed ration at 2% BW. The ration contained cracked cottonseed (cCS) or cotton oil (CO) or cracked sunflower seed (cSFS) or sunflower oil (SFO) as fat sources. The cattle were randomly assigned according to a 4 x 4 latin square design. Each period of feeding lasted for 21 days. The results revealed that supplementation of fat from different sources did not affect feed intake. However, supplementation of cCS and cSFS trended to improve the digestibility of dry matter (DM) andorganic matter (OM) as compared with the supplementation of CO and SFO. The values of rumen pH and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3–N) ranged from6.61-6.86 and 42.44-51.09 mg/dl respectively, these did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between the dietary treatment groups. In addition, acetic acid concentration was higher in TMR containing cCS than in TMR containing CO, cSFS and SFO. It was concluded that using cCS as fat source in diet improvesthe nutrient digestibility without any change in rumen fermentation.

    REFERENCES

    1. Anderson, M. J., Adams D. C., Lamb R. C., and Walters J. L.. (1979). Feeding whole cottonseed to lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 62: 1098-1103.
    2. AOAC. (1984). Offical Methods of Analysis.14thed. The Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington, D.C.
    3. Atasoglu, C., Valdes C., Walker N. D., Newbold C. J., and Wallace R. J.. (1998). De novo synthesis of amino acids by the ruminal bacteria Prevotella bryantii B14, Selenomonas ruminantium HD4, and Streptococcus bovis ES1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 2836–2843.
    4. Bauman, D. E., Corl B. A., and Peterson D. G. (2003). The biology of conjugated linoleic acids in ruminants. In: Se’be’dio, J.-L., Christie, W.W., Adlof, R.O. (Eds.), Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research. vol. 2. AOCS Press. Champaign. IL. pp. 146–173.
    5. Bremner, J. M., and Keeney D. R.. (1965). Steam distillation methods of determination of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite. Anal. Chem. Acta. 32: 485–495.
    6. Busquet, M., Calsamiglia S. , Ferret A., Carro M. D., and Kamel C.. 2005. Effect of garlic oil and four of its compounds or rumen microbial fermentation. J. Dairy Sci. 88: 4393–4404.
    7. Calhoun, M. C., Kuhlmann S. W., and Baldwin B. C.. (1995). Cotton feed product composition and gossypol availability and toxicity. In: Proceeding 2nd Natl. Alternative Feeds Symp. pp. 125-146. Missouri, Columbia.
    8. Dayani, O., Ghorbani G. R., Alikhani M., Rahmani H. R., and Mir. P. S.( 2007). Effects of dietary whole cottonseed and crude protein level on rumen protozoa population and fermentation parameters. Small Rumin. Res. 69: 36-45.
    9. Doreau, M., and Chilliard Y. (1997). Effects of ruminal or postruminal fish oil supplementation on intake and digestion in dairy cows. Rep. Nutr. Dev. 37: 113–124.
    10. Felton, E. E. D., and Kerley M. S. (2004). Performance and carcass quality of steers fed different sources of dietary fat. J.Anim. Sci. 82: 1794-1805.
    11. Goering, H. K., and Van Soeast P. J. (1970). Forage Fiber Analyses (apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications). Agric. Handbook No. 379. AR. USDA. Washington, D.C.
    12. Ivan, M., Mir P. S., Koenig K. M., Rode L. M., Neill L., Entz T., and Mir. Z. (2001). Effects of dietary sunflower seed oil on rumen protozoa population and tissue concentration of conjugated linoleicacid in sheep. Small Rum. Res. 41 : 215–227.
    13. Jenkins T.C. (1993). Symposium : Advances in ruminant lipid metabolism Lipid Metabolism in the Rumen . J. Dairy Sci 76: 3851-3863.
    14. Kearl, L.C. (1982). Nutrient Requirements of Ruminants in Developing Countries. International Feedstuffs Institute. Utah State University. Logan. p. 381.
    15. Kongmun, P., Wanapat M., Pakdee P., Navanukraw C., and Yu. Z. (2011). Manipulation of rumen fermentation and ecology of swamp buffalo by coconut oil and garlic powder supplementation. Live Sci. 135: 84–92.
    16. Markus, S.B., Wittenberg, K.M., Ingalls, R, and Undi M. (1996). Production responses by early lactation cows to sunflower seed or tallow supplementation of a diet based on barley. J. Dairy Sci. 79 : 1817–1825.
    17. Mathison, G.W., Okine E. K., McAllister T. A., Dong Y., Galbraith J., Dmytruk and O. I.N. (1998). Reducingmethane emissions fromruminant animals. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 14: 1–28.
    18. Mir, P .S., Mir Z.,. Kuber P. S, Gaskins C. T., Martin E. L., Dodson M. V., Elias Calles J. A., Johnson K. A., Busboom J. R., Wood A. J., Pittenger G. J., and Reeves J. J.. (2002). Growth, carcass characteristics, muscle conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content, and response to intravenous glucose challenge in high percentage Wagyu, Wagyu x Limousin, and Limousin steers fed sunflower oil-containing diets. J Anim Sci. 80 : 2996-3004.
    19. Palmquist, D.L., (1994). The role of dietary fats in efficiency of ruminants. J. Nutr. 124 : 1377S–1382S.
    20. Rafalowski, W., and Park C.S. (1982). Whole sunflower seed as a fat supplement for lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 65:1484-1492.
    21. Rhee, K. S., Davidson T. L., Knabe D. A., Cross H. R., Ziprin Y. A., and Rhee K. C.. (1988). Effect of dietary high-oleic sunflower oil on pork carcass traits and fatty acid profiles of raw tissues. Meat Sci. 24: 249-260.
    22. Satter, L.D., and Slyter L.L.. (1974). Effect of ammonia concentration on rumen microbial protein production in vitro. Br. J. Nutr. 32: 199-208.
    23. Shi-jun, L., Jia-qil W., Deng-pan B., Hong-yang W., Ling-yun Z., and Qiu-jiang L. (2007). The effect of dietary vegetable oilseeds supplement on fatty acid profiles in milk fat from lactating dairy cows. Agri Sci in China. 6: 1002-1008.
    24. Soliva, C. R., Hindrichsen I. K., Meile L., Kreuzer M., and Machmüller A.. (2003). Effects of mixtures of lauric and myristic acid on rumen methanogens and methanogenesis in vitro. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 37: 35–39.
    25. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. (2001). SAS/STAT1 User’s Guide. Version 8.2. SAS Institue, Cary, NC.
    26. Steel. R. G. D., and Torrie J. T. (1980). Principles and Procedures of Statistics. Mc Graw-Hill Book Co., New York.
    27. Sullivan, J. L., Huber J. T., and Harper J. M.. (1993). Performance of dairy cows fed short staple, Pima, and cracked Pima cottonseed and feed characteristics. J. Dairy Sci. 76: 3555-3561.
    28. Wanapat, M., Mapato C., Pilajun R., and Toburan W. (2011). Effects of vegetable oil supplementation on feed intake, rumen fermentation, growth performance, and carcass characteristic of growing swamp buffaloes Live Sci. 135 : 32–37.
    29. Wongnen, C., Wachirapakorn C., Patipan C., Panpong D., Kongweha K., Namsaen N., Gunun P., and Yuangklang C.( 2009). Effects of fermented total mixed ration and cracked cottonseed on milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 12: 1625 – 1632.
    30. Yuangklang, C., Vasupen K., Wittyakun S., Srinanaun P., and Sukho C. (2004). Effect of total mixed ration and fermented total mixed ration on feed intake, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites in dairy cows. In:Proceeding of the 11th AAAP Congress. New Dimensions and challenges for sustainable livestock farming. The Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    31. Zinn, R. A., and Owens F. N. (1986). A rapid procedure for purine measurement and its use for estimating net ruminal protein synthesis. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 66: 157-166.
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