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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 48 issue 2 (april 2014) : 143-149,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.2.031

A NEW PERSPECTIVE: AN ITALIAN AUTOCHTHONOUS PIG AND ITS MUSCLE AND FAT TISSUE CHARACTERISTICS

S
S. Velotto*
C
C. Vitale
E
E. Varricchio1
A
A. Crasto
1Department of Soil, Plant, Environmental and Animal Production Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Via Università, 133 – 80055 - Portici (NA), Italy
Cite article:- Velotto* S., Vitale C., Varricchio1 E., Crasto A. (2025). A NEW PERSPECTIVE: AN ITALIAN AUTOCHTHONOUS PIG AND ITS MUSCLE AND FAT TISSUE CHARACTERISTICS. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 48(2): 143-149. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.2.031.

ABSTRACT

The research was aimed at identifying the key characteristics of muscle and fat tissues when comparing two pig breeds: Black Sicilian pig and Landrace pig. In Psoas minor (Pm) and Psoas major (PM) muscles the morphometric characteristics of fibre types and their percentage were determined. The area of adipocytes from internal and external layer of adipose tissue was also determined. The results showed that slow twitch oxidative (SO) fibres were larger than fast twitch glycolytic (FG) and fast twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG); Pm muscle was characterized by larger FG and SO fibres than PM; males had larger fibres than females in both muscles and breeds. Landrace pig has smaller adipocytes cells than Black Sicilian while Black Sicilian pig showed more essential fatty acids than Landrace. The results in favour of Black Sicilian pig show how conservation of animal biodiversity becomes important because of the high independent homeostatic capability exhibited by autochthonous genetic types for the management and control of the land.

REFERENCES

  1. Choi Y.M. and. Kim B.C. (2009). Muscle fiber characteristics, myofibrillar protein isoforms, and meat quality. Livest. Sci. 122: 105-118.
  2. Franci O. and Pugliese C. (2007). Italian autochthonous pigs progress report and research perspectives. It. J. Anim. Sci. 6: 663-671.
  3. Gentry J.G., McGlone J.J., Blanton Jr J.R. and Miller M.F. (2002). Impact of spontaneous exercise on performance, meat quality, and muscle fiber characteristics of growing/finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 80: 2833-2839.
  4. Guastella, A. M., Criscione A., Marletta M., Zuccaro A., Chies L. and Bordonaro S. (2010). Molecular characterization and genetic structure of the Nero Siciliano pig breed. Genet Mol Biol. 33: 650–656.
  5. Klont R.E., Brocks L. and Eikelenboom, G., (1998). Muscle fibre type and meat quality. Meat Sci. 49, 219-229.
  6. Ikuyo, N., Mika, O.E., Koichi O., Susumu M., Masahiro S. and Koichi C. (2010). Cellularity of developing subcutaneous adipose tissue in Landrace and Meishan pigs: Adipocyte size differences between two breeds. Anim. Sci. J. 82: 144-149.
  7. Lefaucheur L. (2010). A second look into fibre typing—relation to meat quality. Meat Sci. 84: 257-70.
  8. Maiorano G. (2009). Swine production in Italy and research perspectives for the local breeds. Slovak J. Anim. Sci. 42: 159 - 166.
  9. McEvoy F.J., Anders B. S., Madsen M.T. and Svalastoga E. (2007). Changes in the relative thickness of individual subcutaneous adipose tissue layers in growing pigs. Acta Vet. Scand. 49: 32.
  10. Ozawa S., Mitsuhashi T., Mitsumoto M., Matsumoto S., Itoh N., Itagaki K., Kohno Y. and Dohgo T. (2000). The characteristics of muscle fiber types of longissimus thoracis muscle and their influences on the quantity and quality of meat from Japanese Black steers. Meat Sci. 54: 65-70.
  11. Przybylski W., Jaworska D., Olczak E., Namys³aw I., Kajak-Siemaszko K., Santé-Lhoutellier V. and Niemyjski S.( 2010). Characteristic of slaughter value and meat quality of three synthetic pig lines. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 40 (3).
  12. Rehfeldt C. and Kuhn G. (2006). Consequences of birth weight for postnatal growth performance and carcass quality in pigs as related tomyogenesis. J. Anim. Sci. 84, 113–123.
  13. Ryu Y.C. and Kim, B.C. (2005). The relationship between muscle fibre characteristics, postmortem metabolic rate, and meat quality of pig longissimus dorsi muscle. Meat Sci 17: 351-357.
  14. Ryu Y.C. and Kim, B.C. (2006). Comparison of histochemical characteristics in various pork groups categorized by postmortem metabolic rate and pork quality. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 894-901.
  15. Ryu Y.C., Rhee M.S. and Kim, B.C. (2004). Estimation of correlation coefficients between histological parameter and carcass traits of pigs longissimus dorsi muscle. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 17:428-433.
  16. Solomon M.B. and Dunn M.C. (1988). Simultaneous histochemical determination of three fibre types in single section of ovine, bovine and porcine skeletal muscle. J. Anim. Sci. 66: 255-264.
  17. Tarres J., Tibau J., Piedrafita J., Fabrega, E. and Reixach J. (2006). Factors affecting longevity in maternal Duroc swine lines. Livest. Sci. 100: 121-131.
  18. Teye G.A. (2009). Effects of age/weight and castration on fatty acids composition in pork fat and the qualities of pork and pork fat in Meishan x Large White pigs. Af. J. Food Agric. Nutrit. Develop. 9: 1697-1711.
  19. Velotto S., Varrichio E., Di Prisco M.R., Stasi T. and Crasto A. (2007). Skeletal Myocyte Types and Vascularity in the Black Sicilian Pig. Acta Vet. Brno. 76: 163–170.
  20. Velotto S., Vitale C., Stasi T. and Crasto A. (2010). New insights into muscle fibre types in Casertana Pig. Acta Vet. Brno 79: 169-176.
  21. Velotto S., Vitale C. and Crasto A. (2012). Muscle fibre types, fat deposition and fatty acid profile of Casertana versus Large White pig. Animal Sci. Papers and Reports 30: 35-44.
  22. Wood J.D., Enser M., Fisher A.V., Nute G.R., Sheard P.R., Richardson R., Hughes S.I., Whittington F.M. (2008). Fat deposition, fatty acid composition and meat quality: A review. Meat Sci. 4: 343-358.
  23. Yang L., Zaiyan X., Hongying L., Yuanzhu X. and Bo Z. (2010). Differential transcriptional analysis between red and white skeletal muscle of Chinese Meishan pigs. Int. J Biol. Sci. 6:350-360.
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    volume 48 issue 2 (april 2014) : 143-149,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.2.031

    A NEW PERSPECTIVE: AN ITALIAN AUTOCHTHONOUS PIG AND ITS MUSCLE AND FAT TISSUE CHARACTERISTICS

    S
    S. Velotto*
    C
    C. Vitale
    E
    E. Varricchio1
    A
    A. Crasto
    1Department of Soil, Plant, Environmental and Animal Production Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Via Università, 133 – 80055 - Portici (NA), Italy
    Cite article:- Velotto* S., Vitale C., Varricchio1 E., Crasto A. (2025). A NEW PERSPECTIVE: AN ITALIAN AUTOCHTHONOUS PIG AND ITS MUSCLE AND FAT TISSUE CHARACTERISTICS. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 48(2): 143-149. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.2.031.

    ABSTRACT

    The research was aimed at identifying the key characteristics of muscle and fat tissues when comparing two pig breeds: Black Sicilian pig and Landrace pig. In Psoas minor (Pm) and Psoas major (PM) muscles the morphometric characteristics of fibre types and their percentage were determined. The area of adipocytes from internal and external layer of adipose tissue was also determined. The results showed that slow twitch oxidative (SO) fibres were larger than fast twitch glycolytic (FG) and fast twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG); Pm muscle was characterized by larger FG and SO fibres than PM; males had larger fibres than females in both muscles and breeds. Landrace pig has smaller adipocytes cells than Black Sicilian while Black Sicilian pig showed more essential fatty acids than Landrace. The results in favour of Black Sicilian pig show how conservation of animal biodiversity becomes important because of the high independent homeostatic capability exhibited by autochthonous genetic types for the management and control of the land.

    REFERENCES

    1. Choi Y.M. and. Kim B.C. (2009). Muscle fiber characteristics, myofibrillar protein isoforms, and meat quality. Livest. Sci. 122: 105-118.
    2. Franci O. and Pugliese C. (2007). Italian autochthonous pigs progress report and research perspectives. It. J. Anim. Sci. 6: 663-671.
    3. Gentry J.G., McGlone J.J., Blanton Jr J.R. and Miller M.F. (2002). Impact of spontaneous exercise on performance, meat quality, and muscle fiber characteristics of growing/finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 80: 2833-2839.
    4. Guastella, A. M., Criscione A., Marletta M., Zuccaro A., Chies L. and Bordonaro S. (2010). Molecular characterization and genetic structure of the Nero Siciliano pig breed. Genet Mol Biol. 33: 650–656.
    5. Klont R.E., Brocks L. and Eikelenboom, G., (1998). Muscle fibre type and meat quality. Meat Sci. 49, 219-229.
    6. Ikuyo, N., Mika, O.E., Koichi O., Susumu M., Masahiro S. and Koichi C. (2010). Cellularity of developing subcutaneous adipose tissue in Landrace and Meishan pigs: Adipocyte size differences between two breeds. Anim. Sci. J. 82: 144-149.
    7. Lefaucheur L. (2010). A second look into fibre typing—relation to meat quality. Meat Sci. 84: 257-70.
    8. Maiorano G. (2009). Swine production in Italy and research perspectives for the local breeds. Slovak J. Anim. Sci. 42: 159 - 166.
    9. McEvoy F.J., Anders B. S., Madsen M.T. and Svalastoga E. (2007). Changes in the relative thickness of individual subcutaneous adipose tissue layers in growing pigs. Acta Vet. Scand. 49: 32.
    10. Ozawa S., Mitsuhashi T., Mitsumoto M., Matsumoto S., Itoh N., Itagaki K., Kohno Y. and Dohgo T. (2000). The characteristics of muscle fiber types of longissimus thoracis muscle and their influences on the quantity and quality of meat from Japanese Black steers. Meat Sci. 54: 65-70.
    11. Przybylski W., Jaworska D., Olczak E., Namys³aw I., Kajak-Siemaszko K., Santé-Lhoutellier V. and Niemyjski S.( 2010). Characteristic of slaughter value and meat quality of three synthetic pig lines. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 40 (3).
    12. Rehfeldt C. and Kuhn G. (2006). Consequences of birth weight for postnatal growth performance and carcass quality in pigs as related tomyogenesis. J. Anim. Sci. 84, 113–123.
    13. Ryu Y.C. and Kim, B.C. (2005). The relationship between muscle fibre characteristics, postmortem metabolic rate, and meat quality of pig longissimus dorsi muscle. Meat Sci 17: 351-357.
    14. Ryu Y.C. and Kim, B.C. (2006). Comparison of histochemical characteristics in various pork groups categorized by postmortem metabolic rate and pork quality. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 894-901.
    15. Ryu Y.C., Rhee M.S. and Kim, B.C. (2004). Estimation of correlation coefficients between histological parameter and carcass traits of pigs longissimus dorsi muscle. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 17:428-433.
    16. Solomon M.B. and Dunn M.C. (1988). Simultaneous histochemical determination of three fibre types in single section of ovine, bovine and porcine skeletal muscle. J. Anim. Sci. 66: 255-264.
    17. Tarres J., Tibau J., Piedrafita J., Fabrega, E. and Reixach J. (2006). Factors affecting longevity in maternal Duroc swine lines. Livest. Sci. 100: 121-131.
    18. Teye G.A. (2009). Effects of age/weight and castration on fatty acids composition in pork fat and the qualities of pork and pork fat in Meishan x Large White pigs. Af. J. Food Agric. Nutrit. Develop. 9: 1697-1711.
    19. Velotto S., Varrichio E., Di Prisco M.R., Stasi T. and Crasto A. (2007). Skeletal Myocyte Types and Vascularity in the Black Sicilian Pig. Acta Vet. Brno. 76: 163–170.
    20. Velotto S., Vitale C., Stasi T. and Crasto A. (2010). New insights into muscle fibre types in Casertana Pig. Acta Vet. Brno 79: 169-176.
    21. Velotto S., Vitale C. and Crasto A. (2012). Muscle fibre types, fat deposition and fatty acid profile of Casertana versus Large White pig. Animal Sci. Papers and Reports 30: 35-44.
    22. Wood J.D., Enser M., Fisher A.V., Nute G.R., Sheard P.R., Richardson R., Hughes S.I., Whittington F.M. (2008). Fat deposition, fatty acid composition and meat quality: A review. Meat Sci. 4: 343-358.
    23. Yang L., Zaiyan X., Hongying L., Yuanzhu X. and Bo Z. (2010). Differential transcriptional analysis between red and white skeletal muscle of Chinese Meishan pigs. Int. J Biol. Sci. 6:350-360.
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