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volume 46 issue 2 (june 2012) : 114 - 120

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INTRA-VAGINAL ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE, ESTRUS BEHAVIOR, PLASMA LEVELS OF OVARIAN STEROIDS AND THE PRE-OVULATORY LUTEINIZING HORMONE SURGE IN THE PREDICTION OF THE OPTIMAL INSEMINATION TIME IN NORMAL CYCLING PIGS

T
Tefera Yilma
A
Axel Sobiraj1
1Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Yilma Tefera, Sobiraj1 Axel (2025). RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INTRA-VAGINAL ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE, ESTRUS BEHAVIOR, PLASMA LEVELS OF OVARIAN STEROIDS AND THE PRE-OVULATORY LUTEINIZING HORMONE SURGE IN THE PREDICTION OF THE OPTIMAL INSEMINATION TIME IN NORMAL CYCLING PIGS. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 46(2): 114 - 120. doi: .

ABSTRACT

A study aimed at determining the relationships between intravaginal electrical impedance (IEI), estrus behavior, plasma concentrations of reproductive hormones (progesterone, estradiol-17b and luteinizing hormone) in prediction of the optimal insemination time was conducted in sixteen normal cycling pigs. Measuring of intravaginal electrical impedance (IEI) was carried out throughout the estrous cycle using a 2-electrode impedance-measuring instrument. Blood samples were collected along side with measuring of IEI to determine plasma concentrations of reproductive hormones using radioimmunoassay. High values of impedance measured during the diestrus period, and low values of IEI coincided with the pre-ovulatory LH-peak at the height of standing heat. Fluctuations in the values of IEI were significantly correlated with changes in plasma LH (r = -0. 61) (P

REFERENCES

  1. Aboul-Ela, M.B., Topps, J.H., Mecdonald, D.C., (1983). Relationships between intravaginal electrical resistance, cervicovaginal mucus characteristics and blood progesterone and LH. Ani. Reprodu. Sci., 5: 259-273.
  2. Baratta, M., Bussolati, S., Tamanini, C., (1997). Progesterone plasma profiles during the first month after AI in the sow. http://www.unipr.it/arpa/facvet/annali/1997/baratta/baratta.htm.
  3. Bearden, H.J., Fuguay, J.W.., (2000). Applied Animal Reproduction (5th ed.) Prentice-Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River NJ07458.
  4. Brüssow, K.P., Ratky, J., Kanitz, W., Becker, F., (1990). The relationship between the surge of LH induced by exogenous Gn-RH and the duration of ovulation in gilts. Reprodu. Domestic Ani., 25: 255-259.
  5. Cox-NM; Britt-JH., (1986). Pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone and their relationship to secretion of estradiol and onset of estrus in weaned sows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 12: 201-211.
  6. Dusza, L., Opalka, M., Kaminska, B., Kaminski, T., Ciereszko, R.E., (1996). The relationship between electrical resistance of vaginal mucus and plasma hormonal parameters during periestrus in sows. Theriogenology, 45: 1491-1503
  7. Ezov, N., Maltz, E., Yarom, R., Lewis, G.S., Schindler, D. Ron, M., Aizinbud, E. Lehrer, A.R., (1990). Cell density, fluid volume and electrolyte content of bovine vulvar tiusse during oestrus and dioestrus. Ani. Reprodu. Sci., 22: 281-288.
  8. Krieger, H., Leidl, W., (1974). Praxiserfahrung mit der Messung des elektrischen Widerstandes von Vaginalschleim beim Rind als Hilfsmittel bei der Östrusdiagnose. Tierärztl. Umschau, 29: 22-25
  9. Laurincik, J., Hyttel, P., Rath, D., Pivko, J., (1994). Ovulation, fertilization and pronucleus development in superovulated gilts. Theriogenology, 41: 447-452.
  10. Lehrer, A.R., Lewis, G.S., Aizinbud, E., (1991). Electrical resistance of genital tissue during reproductive events in cow, and its possible on-farm applications: A review. Wiener Tierärztlicher Monatsschrift, 78: 317-322.
  11. Lewis, G.S., Aizinbud, E., Lehrer, A.R., (1989). Changes in electrical resistance of vulvar tissue in Holstein cows during ovarian cycles and after treatment with prostaglandin F2 alfa. Ani. Reprodu. Sci., 18: 183-197.
  12. Love, R.G., Evans, G., Kluupiec, C., (1993). Seasonal effects on fertility in gilts and sows. J. Reprodu. Fertility, 48: 191-196.
  13. Lucy, M.C., Liu, J., Boyd, C.K., Bracken, C.J., (2001). Ovarian follicular growth in sows. Reprodu. Supple.,58: 31-45.
  14. Parvizi, N., Elaesser, F., Smidt, D., Ellendorff, F., (1976). Plasma luteinizing hormone and progesterone in the adult female pig during the oestrous cycle, late pregnancy and lactation, and after ovariectomy and pentobarbitone treatment. J. Endocrinology, 69: 193-203.
  15. Pfandler, L., (1972). Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit der Scheidenschleimhaut beim Schwein. Zuchthygiene, 7: 179-185.
  16. Pomerantz, D.K., Ellendorff, F., Elsaesser, F., König, A., Smidt, D., (1974). Plasma LH changes in intact adult, castrated adult and puberal male pigs follwing various doses of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). Endocrinology, 94: 330-335.
  17. Ponzilius, K.H., Parvizi, N., Elsaeser, F., Ellendorff, F., (1986). Ontogeny of secretory patterns of LH release and effects of gonadectomy in the chronically catheterized pig fetus and neonate. Biol. Reprodu., 34: 602-612.
  18. Rezác P., Krivánek, I., Urban, T., Borkovcová, M., Pöschl. M., (2009). Relationship of vaginal impedance with speed of return to estrus after weaning, estrus behavior, parity and lactation length in cyclic sows. Ani. Reprodu. Sci., 114(1-3): 238-48.
  19. Rezác, P., (2008). Potential applications of electrical impedance techniques in female mammalian reproduction. Theriogenology, 70(1):1-14.
  20. Rezác, P., Vasícková, D., Pöschl, M., (2003). Changes of electrical impedance in vaginal vestibule in cyclic sows. Ani. Reprodu. Sci., 20: 79(1-2): 111-9.
  21. Soede, N.M., Noordhuizen,-P.T.M., Kemp, B., (1992). The duration of ovulation in pigs, studied by transrectal ultrasonography, is not related early embryonic diversity. Theriogenology, 38 : 653-666.
  22. Yamauchi, S., Nakamura, S., Yoshimoto, T., Nakada, T., Ashizawa, K., Tatemoto, H., (2009). Prediction of the estrous cycle and optimal insemination time by monitoring vaginal electrical resistance (VER) in order to improve the reproductive efficiency of the Okinawan native Agu pig. Ani. Reprodu. Sci., 113(1-4): 311-6.
  23. Yilma, T., Sobiraj, A., (2011). Study on the relationships of intravaginal electrical impedance and plasma level of progesterone and estradiol-17b in estrus synchronized sows in prediction of the optimal insemination time in pig. Indian J. Anim. Res. 45 (2): 88-94, 2011.
  24. Zink, M.F., Diehl, J.R., (1984). Efficacy of using vaginal conductivity as an indicator of the optimum time to breed in swine. J. Ani. Sci., 59: 869-874.
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Indian Journal of Animal Research
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    volume 46 issue 2 (june 2012) : 114 - 120

    RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INTRA-VAGINAL ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE, ESTRUS BEHAVIOR, PLASMA LEVELS OF OVARIAN STEROIDS AND THE PRE-OVULATORY LUTEINIZING HORMONE SURGE IN THE PREDICTION OF THE OPTIMAL INSEMINATION TIME IN NORMAL CYCLING PIGS

    T
    Tefera Yilma
    A
    Axel Sobiraj1
    1Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- Yilma Tefera, Sobiraj1 Axel (2025). RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INTRA-VAGINAL ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE, ESTRUS BEHAVIOR, PLASMA LEVELS OF OVARIAN STEROIDS AND THE PRE-OVULATORY LUTEINIZING HORMONE SURGE IN THE PREDICTION OF THE OPTIMAL INSEMINATION TIME IN NORMAL CYCLING PIGS. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 46(2): 114 - 120. doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    A study aimed at determining the relationships between intravaginal electrical impedance (IEI), estrus behavior, plasma concentrations of reproductive hormones (progesterone, estradiol-17b and luteinizing hormone) in prediction of the optimal insemination time was conducted in sixteen normal cycling pigs. Measuring of intravaginal electrical impedance (IEI) was carried out throughout the estrous cycle using a 2-electrode impedance-measuring instrument. Blood samples were collected along side with measuring of IEI to determine plasma concentrations of reproductive hormones using radioimmunoassay. High values of impedance measured during the diestrus period, and low values of IEI coincided with the pre-ovulatory LH-peak at the height of standing heat. Fluctuations in the values of IEI were significantly correlated with changes in plasma LH (r = -0. 61) (P

    REFERENCES

    1. Aboul-Ela, M.B., Topps, J.H., Mecdonald, D.C., (1983). Relationships between intravaginal electrical resistance, cervicovaginal mucus characteristics and blood progesterone and LH. Ani. Reprodu. Sci., 5: 259-273.
    2. Baratta, M., Bussolati, S., Tamanini, C., (1997). Progesterone plasma profiles during the first month after AI in the sow. http://www.unipr.it/arpa/facvet/annali/1997/baratta/baratta.htm.
    3. Bearden, H.J., Fuguay, J.W.., (2000). Applied Animal Reproduction (5th ed.) Prentice-Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River NJ07458.
    4. Brüssow, K.P., Ratky, J., Kanitz, W., Becker, F., (1990). The relationship between the surge of LH induced by exogenous Gn-RH and the duration of ovulation in gilts. Reprodu. Domestic Ani., 25: 255-259.
    5. Cox-NM; Britt-JH., (1986). Pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone and their relationship to secretion of estradiol and onset of estrus in weaned sows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 12: 201-211.
    6. Dusza, L., Opalka, M., Kaminska, B., Kaminski, T., Ciereszko, R.E., (1996). The relationship between electrical resistance of vaginal mucus and plasma hormonal parameters during periestrus in sows. Theriogenology, 45: 1491-1503
    7. Ezov, N., Maltz, E., Yarom, R., Lewis, G.S., Schindler, D. Ron, M., Aizinbud, E. Lehrer, A.R., (1990). Cell density, fluid volume and electrolyte content of bovine vulvar tiusse during oestrus and dioestrus. Ani. Reprodu. Sci., 22: 281-288.
    8. Krieger, H., Leidl, W., (1974). Praxiserfahrung mit der Messung des elektrischen Widerstandes von Vaginalschleim beim Rind als Hilfsmittel bei der Östrusdiagnose. Tierärztl. Umschau, 29: 22-25
    9. Laurincik, J., Hyttel, P., Rath, D., Pivko, J., (1994). Ovulation, fertilization and pronucleus development in superovulated gilts. Theriogenology, 41: 447-452.
    10. Lehrer, A.R., Lewis, G.S., Aizinbud, E., (1991). Electrical resistance of genital tissue during reproductive events in cow, and its possible on-farm applications: A review. Wiener Tierärztlicher Monatsschrift, 78: 317-322.
    11. Lewis, G.S., Aizinbud, E., Lehrer, A.R., (1989). Changes in electrical resistance of vulvar tissue in Holstein cows during ovarian cycles and after treatment with prostaglandin F2 alfa. Ani. Reprodu. Sci., 18: 183-197.
    12. Love, R.G., Evans, G., Kluupiec, C., (1993). Seasonal effects on fertility in gilts and sows. J. Reprodu. Fertility, 48: 191-196.
    13. Lucy, M.C., Liu, J., Boyd, C.K., Bracken, C.J., (2001). Ovarian follicular growth in sows. Reprodu. Supple.,58: 31-45.
    14. Parvizi, N., Elaesser, F., Smidt, D., Ellendorff, F., (1976). Plasma luteinizing hormone and progesterone in the adult female pig during the oestrous cycle, late pregnancy and lactation, and after ovariectomy and pentobarbitone treatment. J. Endocrinology, 69: 193-203.
    15. Pfandler, L., (1972). Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit der Scheidenschleimhaut beim Schwein. Zuchthygiene, 7: 179-185.
    16. Pomerantz, D.K., Ellendorff, F., Elsaesser, F., König, A., Smidt, D., (1974). Plasma LH changes in intact adult, castrated adult and puberal male pigs follwing various doses of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). Endocrinology, 94: 330-335.
    17. Ponzilius, K.H., Parvizi, N., Elsaeser, F., Ellendorff, F., (1986). Ontogeny of secretory patterns of LH release and effects of gonadectomy in the chronically catheterized pig fetus and neonate. Biol. Reprodu., 34: 602-612.
    18. Rezác P., Krivánek, I., Urban, T., Borkovcová, M., Pöschl. M., (2009). Relationship of vaginal impedance with speed of return to estrus after weaning, estrus behavior, parity and lactation length in cyclic sows. Ani. Reprodu. Sci., 114(1-3): 238-48.
    19. Rezác, P., (2008). Potential applications of electrical impedance techniques in female mammalian reproduction. Theriogenology, 70(1):1-14.
    20. Rezác, P., Vasícková, D., Pöschl, M., (2003). Changes of electrical impedance in vaginal vestibule in cyclic sows. Ani. Reprodu. Sci., 20: 79(1-2): 111-9.
    21. Soede, N.M., Noordhuizen,-P.T.M., Kemp, B., (1992). The duration of ovulation in pigs, studied by transrectal ultrasonography, is not related early embryonic diversity. Theriogenology, 38 : 653-666.
    22. Yamauchi, S., Nakamura, S., Yoshimoto, T., Nakada, T., Ashizawa, K., Tatemoto, H., (2009). Prediction of the estrous cycle and optimal insemination time by monitoring vaginal electrical resistance (VER) in order to improve the reproductive efficiency of the Okinawan native Agu pig. Ani. Reprodu. Sci., 113(1-4): 311-6.
    23. Yilma, T., Sobiraj, A., (2011). Study on the relationships of intravaginal electrical impedance and plasma level of progesterone and estradiol-17b in estrus synchronized sows in prediction of the optimal insemination time in pig. Indian J. Anim. Res. 45 (2): 88-94, 2011.
    24. Zink, M.F., Diehl, J.R., (1984). Efficacy of using vaginal conductivity as an indicator of the optimum time to breed in swine. J. Ani. Sci., 59: 869-874.
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