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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 42 issue 1 (march 2008) : 23-28

PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRANIAL MENINGES IN GOATS*

K
K. M. Lucy
K
K.R. Harshan1
J
J.J. Chungath
N
N. Ashok2
1Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy - 680 651, Kerala, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Lucy M. K., Harshan1 K.R., Chungath J.J., Ashok2 N. (2025). PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRANIAL MENINGES IN GOATS*. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 42(1): 23-28. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Prenatal development of the cranial meninges in goats was studied using 52 foetuses with a
Crown Rump Length (CRL) ranging from 1.4cm (24 days of gestation) to 41.5cm (full term). The
meninges arose as condensation of the neighbouring mesenchyme. The pia mater started
differentiating by 24 days of gestational age and the dura at 40 days. Cartilaginous cranial vault
also appeared by 40 days. The arachnoid developed at 48 days of age. The dura was generally
thicker in the ventral aspect of brain when compared to the sides and top. Arachnoid, the thinnest
of the three, followed the infoldings of the dura. It did not follow the sulci of cerebrum and cerebellum
but bridged over them. From the arachnoid, strands of fibres formed a loose reticulum across the
subarachnoid space. Pia was highly vascularised and extended deep into the sulci. Depending on
the vascularity, thickness of the pia mater varied over different regions and at different ages. In the
brainstem and cerebellum, thickness was maximum towards the end of second month. But on the
cerebral surface it showed maximum development during fifth month. Pia-arachnoid gave a strong
positive reaction for alkaline phosphatase.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Dellmann, H.D. and Mc Clure, R.G. (1975) In: Sisson and Grossman’s the Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. 5th Ed.
    2. (Ed. Getty, R.). W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. pp.1065-1080.
    3. Dyce, K.M. et al. (1996). Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. 2nd Ed. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
    4. Jenkins, T.W. (1978). Functional Mammalian Neuroanatomy. 2nd Ed. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.
    5. King, A.S. (1987). Physiological and Clinical Anatomy of the Domestic Mammals. Oxford University Press, New York.
    6. Luna, L.G. (1968). Manual of Histological Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. 3rd ed. Mc
    7. Graw-Hill Book Company, New York.
    8. Morse, D.E. and Low, F.N. (1972). Am. J. Anat., 133 : 349-368.
    9. Prasad, J. and Sinha, R.D. (1983). Indian J. Anim. Sci., 53 : 437-440.
    10. Shrivastava, A.M. et al. (1989). Indian J. Anim. Sci., 59 : 951-952.
    11. Singh, Y. and Dhingra, L.D. (1978). Indian J. Anim. Sci., 48 : 741-745.
    12. Singh, Y. et al (1979). Indian J. Anim. Sci., 49 : 925-931.
    13. Singh, U.B. and Sulochana, S. (1996). Handbook of Histological and Histochemical Techniques. Premier Publishing House, Hyderabad.
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    Indian Journal of Animal Research
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      volume 42 issue 1 (march 2008) : 23-28

      PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRANIAL MENINGES IN GOATS*

      K
      K. M. Lucy
      K
      K.R. Harshan1
      J
      J.J. Chungath
      N
      N. Ashok2
      1Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy - 680 651, Kerala, India

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Lucy M. K., Harshan1 K.R., Chungath J.J., Ashok2 N. (2025). PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRANIAL MENINGES IN GOATS*. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 42(1): 23-28. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      Prenatal development of the cranial meninges in goats was studied using 52 foetuses with a
      Crown Rump Length (CRL) ranging from 1.4cm (24 days of gestation) to 41.5cm (full term). The
      meninges arose as condensation of the neighbouring mesenchyme. The pia mater started
      differentiating by 24 days of gestational age and the dura at 40 days. Cartilaginous cranial vault
      also appeared by 40 days. The arachnoid developed at 48 days of age. The dura was generally
      thicker in the ventral aspect of brain when compared to the sides and top. Arachnoid, the thinnest
      of the three, followed the infoldings of the dura. It did not follow the sulci of cerebrum and cerebellum
      but bridged over them. From the arachnoid, strands of fibres formed a loose reticulum across the
      subarachnoid space. Pia was highly vascularised and extended deep into the sulci. Depending on
      the vascularity, thickness of the pia mater varied over different regions and at different ages. In the
      brainstem and cerebellum, thickness was maximum towards the end of second month. But on the
      cerebral surface it showed maximum development during fifth month. Pia-arachnoid gave a strong
      positive reaction for alkaline phosphatase.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Dellmann, H.D. and Mc Clure, R.G. (1975) In: Sisson and Grossman’s the Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. 5th Ed.
        2. (Ed. Getty, R.). W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. pp.1065-1080.
        3. Dyce, K.M. et al. (1996). Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. 2nd Ed. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
        4. Jenkins, T.W. (1978). Functional Mammalian Neuroanatomy. 2nd Ed. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.
        5. King, A.S. (1987). Physiological and Clinical Anatomy of the Domestic Mammals. Oxford University Press, New York.
        6. Luna, L.G. (1968). Manual of Histological Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. 3rd ed. Mc
        7. Graw-Hill Book Company, New York.
        8. Morse, D.E. and Low, F.N. (1972). Am. J. Anat., 133 : 349-368.
        9. Prasad, J. and Sinha, R.D. (1983). Indian J. Anim. Sci., 53 : 437-440.
        10. Shrivastava, A.M. et al. (1989). Indian J. Anim. Sci., 59 : 951-952.
        11. Singh, Y. and Dhingra, L.D. (1978). Indian J. Anim. Sci., 48 : 741-745.
        12. Singh, Y. et al (1979). Indian J. Anim. Sci., 49 : 925-931.
        13. Singh, U.B. and Sulochana, S. (1996). Handbook of Histological and Histochemical Techniques. Premier Publishing House, Hyderabad.
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