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Agricultural Science Digest, volume 44 issue 3 (june 2024) : 460-466

Combining Ability Studies of Promising Restorer Lines for Yield and Yield Components in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Dungu Vasudeva Reddy1, Y. Suneetha2, B.N.V.S.R. Ravi Kumar3, D. Ramesh4, T. Srinivas2, D. Manoj Kumar1,*
1Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Bapatla-522 101, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Maruteru-534 122, Andhra Pradesh, India.
3Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Nandyal-518 502, Andhra Pradesh, India.  
4Department of Statistics and Computer Applications, Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Bapatla-522 101, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Cite article:- Reddy Vasudeva Dungu, Suneetha Y., Kumar Ravi B.N.V.S.R., Ramesh D., Srinivas T., Kumar Manoj D. (2024). Combining Ability Studies of Promising Restorer Lines for Yield and Yield Components in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) . Agricultural Science Digest. 44(3): 460-466. doi: 10.18805/ag.D-5874.

ABSTRACT

Background: The present inquisition was carried out at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru with a set of 30 experimental hybrids developed by crossing three male sterile lines with 10 testers in Line ´ Tester mating design during Kharif, 2022. 

Methods:The resultant 30 hybrids were studied in randomized block design with two replications along with the parents and hybrid check, HRI-174 during Rabi, 2022-23. Predominant non-additive gene action was found in the analysis of combining ability for lines, testers and line testers for grain production per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, ear bearing tillers per plant, filled grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight. 

Result:The results revealed RGL 5613 and MTU 2055 to be effective combiners for grain yield per plant, filled grains per panicle, spikelet fertility percentage and grain weight of one thousand grains. For five hybrids, the sca effects on grain yield per plant were large and favourable. These hybrids had recorded significantly higher grain yield perplant, more than 30 per cent, compared to the check, HRI-174, in addition to significant desirable sca effects for grain yield per plant. 

INTRODUCTION

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop that plays a crucial role in global food security, feeding nearly half of the world’s population (Kumar et al., 2023). India has been the largest producer after China. In India the cultivated area of paddy is 46.3 million hectares with a production and productivity of 129.5 million tonnes and 2798 kg ha-1, respectively during 2021-22 (Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer Welfare, GOI, 2022). In Andhra Pradesh, it is cultivated in expand of 2.6 million ha with a production of 13.1 million tonnes and the productivity of about 5130 kg ha-1 (Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, 2021-2022).
       
Selecting suitable parents cannot rely solely on individual performance and necessitates the consideration of gene interactions. Breeders have a variety of biometrical tools at their disposal to aid in the selection of suitable parents. Among these tools, combining ability stands out as a potent technique for recognizing strong combiners and for choosing the right parental materials to exploit heterosis (Manivelan et al., 2022). Employing a (L × T) mating design allows for the evaluation of parental genetic effects and facilitates the exploration of general combining ability (GCA) along with specific combining ability (SCA), even when working with limited sample sizes (Gramaje et al., 2020).
       
Combining ability plays a vital role in understanding how genes influence the expression of quantitative traits by identifying potential superior parents and hybrid combinations, General Combining Ability (GCA) is associated with additive gene effects and additive × additive epistasis and it is theoretically stable. In contrast, specific combining ability (SCA) is linked to non-additive gene effects, which may stem from dominance, epistasis, or both and it is not theoretically stable (Hussein, 2021). The presence of non-additive genetic variance is a primary motivation for initiating hybrid breeding programs and choosing appropriate parents (Lal et al., 2023). In light of this, the current exploration was conducted to find parents and experimental rice hybrids with good combining ability for grain yield and yield component traits.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

Specific combining ability (SCA) assesses non-additive gene effects that cannot be fixed, while general combining ability (GCA) quantifies additive gene effects and additive × additive interactions, which are modifiable. The estimates of general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining effects can be found in Table 2 to Table 5 and are further elucidated below:
 

Table 2: Line × Tester analysis of variance for different traits in rice.


 

Table 3: General combining ability of lines and testers for yield and yield attributes.



Table 4: Specific combining ability of rice hybrids for yield and yield attributes.


 

Table 5: Details of promising hybrids identified.


 
Analysis of variance
 
Table 2 provides the results of the Analysis of Variance. In all the characteristics examined, there were notable and statistically significant mean sums of squares for the parent lines, hybrid offspring and the comparison between parent lines and hybrids, except for the “days to 50% flowering” and “days to maturity” in the parent lines and “days to maturity” in the hybrid offspring. The results indicate the presence of heterosis for the traits that displayed significant mean sums of squares in the comparison between parent lines and hybrids, as well as significant distinctions between the parent lines and their hybrid progeny.
       
A review of the results on the gca:sca variance ratio revealed preponderant non-additive gene action to the grain yield per plant (Shanti et al., 2011 and Prasad et al., 2019) and the greater part of  the yield components studied, including days to 50% flowering (Ramesh et al., 2018), days to maturity (Ariful-Islam et al., 2015), ear bearing tillers per plant (Anandlekshmi et al., 2020). Since the lines employed in the current experiment are all cytoplasmic male sterile lines that facilitate the utility of heterosis, non-additive gene activity is preferable in the current setting. However, it was shown that additive gene action predominated in the areas of plant height, panicle length, unfilled grains per panicle and spikelet fertility percentage. Patel et al., (2019) reported an earlier finding of a similar preponderant additive gene action for plant height.
 
General combining ability effects
 
The results from Table 3 and Fig 1-3 exhibit the findings of general combining ability effects on grain yield and yield components for lines and testers. The results revealed the absence of association between Per se performance and gca effects of the parents for yield and yield attributes. Similar results were reported by earlier workers (Rao et al., 1980; Kumar and Chandrappa, 1994). Additionally, the results showed that APMS 15A was a good combiner with high Per se performance for unfilled grains per panicle, spikelet fertility percentage and 1000-grain weight, whereas APMS 17A was found to be a good combiner with high mean for grain density. APMS 18A, on the other hand, was found to be a good combiner with high Per se performance for ear bearing tillers per plant and may therefore be used in hybrid breeding programs intended to generate superior hybrids for the afore mentioned qualities. Further, RGL 5613 and MTU 2055 were also found to be effective combiners for grain yield per plant, filled grains per panicle, spikelet fertility percentage and 1000-grain weight. As a result, they may be used in hybrid breeding programs to create hybrids that are high yielders with more filled grains and heavier seeds. The promising heterotic hybrids, APMS 15A × RGL 5613, APMS 15A × MTU 2055, APMS 17A × RGL 5613 and APMS 15A × MTU 2055, included the testers RGL 5613 and MTU 2055, validating their identification as good combiners in the current investigation.
 
Specific combining ability effects
 
The specific combining ability effects regarded to the 30 hybrids resulting from the crossbreeding of three lines with ten testers for yield and yield-related traits can be found in Table 4-5 and Fig 4. An examination of the results concerning individual performance, heterosis and specific combining ability highlights the superiority of hybrids such as APMS 17A × MTU 2055, APMS 17A × RGL 5613, APMS 15A × MTU 1213, APMS 15A × RGL 5613 and APMS 15A × MTU 2055 (Table 4-5). These particular hybrids also demonstrated significantly increased grain yield per plant, surpassing 41.0 grams, in contrast to the reference variety, HRI-174, which yielded 31.50 grams. Additionally, these hybrids exhibited a considerable level of standard heterosis exceeding 30 per cent and significant and desirable specific combining ability effects for grain yield per plant. Therefore, the hybrids are identified as promising heterotic combinations for further evaluation and commercial exploitation as potential and early duration hybrids with medium semi-tall to tall plant height, good spikelet fertility and slender to medium bold, straw glume-colored grains.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Specific combining ability (SCA) assesses non-additive gene effects that cannot be fixed, while general combining ability (GCA) quantifies additive gene effects and additive × additive interactions, which are modifiable. The estimates of general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining effects can be found in Table 2 to Table 5 and are further elucidated below:
 

Table 2: Line × Tester analysis of variance for different traits in rice.


 

Table 3: General combining ability of lines and testers for yield and yield attributes.



Table 4: Specific combining ability of rice hybrids for yield and yield attributes.


 

Table 5: Details of promising hybrids identified.


 
Analysis of variance
 
Table 2 provides the results of the Analysis of Variance. In all the characteristics examined, there were notable and statistically significant mean sums of squares for the parent lines, hybrid offspring and the comparison between parent lines and hybrids, except for the “days to 50% flowering” and “days to maturity” in the parent lines and “days to maturity” in the hybrid offspring. The results indicate the presence of heterosis for the traits that displayed significant mean sums of squares in the comparison between parent lines and hybrids, as well as significant distinctions between the parent lines and their hybrid progeny.
       
A review of the results on the gca:sca variance ratio revealed preponderant non-additive gene action to the grain yield per plant (Shanti et al., 2011 and Prasad et al., 2019) and the greater part of  the yield components studied, including days to 50% flowering (Ramesh et al., 2018), days to maturity (Ariful-Islam et al., 2015), ear bearing tillers per plant (Anandlekshmi et al., 2020). Since the lines employed in the current experiment are all cytoplasmic male sterile lines that facilitate the utility of heterosis, non-additive gene activity is preferable in the current setting. However, it was shown that additive gene action predominated in the areas of plant height, panicle length, unfilled grains per panicle and spikelet fertility percentage. Patel et al., (2019) reported an earlier finding of a similar preponderant additive gene action for plant height.
 
General combining ability effects
 
The results from Table 3 and Fig 1-3 exhibit the findings of general combining ability effects on grain yield and yield components for lines and testers. The results revealed the absence of association between Per se performance and gca effects of the parents for yield and yield attributes. Similar results were reported by earlier workers (Rao et al., 1980; Kumar and Chandrappa, 1994). Additionally, the results showed that APMS 15A was a good combiner with high Per se performance for unfilled grains per panicle, spikelet fertility percentage and 1000-grain weight, whereas APMS 17A was found to be a good combiner with high mean for grain density. APMS 18A, on the other hand, was found to be a good combiner with high Per se performance for ear bearing tillers per plant and may therefore be used in hybrid breeding programs intended to generate superior hybrids for the afore mentioned qualities. Further, RGL 5613 and MTU 2055 were also found to be effective combiners for grain yield per plant, filled grains per panicle, spikelet fertility percentage and 1000-grain weight. As a result, they may be used in hybrid breeding programs to create hybrids that are high yielders with more filled grains and heavier seeds. The promising heterotic hybrids, APMS 15A × RGL 5613, APMS 15A × MTU 2055, APMS 17A × RGL 5613 and APMS 15A × MTU 2055, included the testers RGL 5613 and MTU 2055, validating their identification as good combiners in the current investigation.
 

Fig 1: GCA effects of lines and testers for spikelet fertility per cent.


 

Fig 2: GCA effects of lines and testers for grain density.


 

Fig 3: GCA effects of lines and testers for grain yield per plant.


 
 
Specific combining ability effects
 
The specific combining ability effects regarded to the 30 hybrids resulting from the crossbreeding of three lines with ten testers for yield and yield-related traits can be found in Table 4-5 and Fig 4. An examination of the results concerning individual performance, heterosis and specific combining ability highlights the superiority of hybrids such as APMS 17A × MTU 2055, APMS 17A × RGL 5613, APMS 15A ×  MTU 1213, APMS 15A × RGL 5613 and APMS 15A × MTU 2055 (Table 4-5). These particular hybrids also demonstrated significantly increased grain yield per plant, surpassing 41.0 grams, in contrast to the reference variety, HRI-174, which yielded 31.50 grams. Additionally, these hybrids exhibited a considerable level of standard heterosis exceeding 30 per cent and significant and desirable specific combining ability effects for grain yield per plant. Therefore, the hybrids are identified as promising heterotic combinations for further evaluation and commercial exploitation as potential and early duration hybrids with medium semi-tall to tall plant height, good spikelet fertility and slender to medium bold, straw glume-colored grains.
 

Fig 4: Range of specific combining ability for yield and yield component traits.


 
@figure5

CONCLUSION

The combining ability analysis for lines, testers and line × testers, it was evident that non-additive gene action predominated for traits such as grain yield per plant, days to 50 percent flowering, days to maturity, ear-bearing tillers per plant, filled grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight. In contrast, for plant height, panicle length, unfilled grains per panicle and spikelet fertility percentage, additive gene action was more prominent.Top of Form The crosses, APMS 17A ×  MTU 2055, APMS 17A × RGL 5613, APMS 15 A × MTU 1213, APMS 15 A × RGL 5613 and APMS 15 A × MTU 2055 are identified as promising heterotic combinations with potential for commercial exploitation after testing over locations and years for their stability in performance.

ACKNOWLEGEMENT

The financial support provided in the form of stipend by Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University to the first author, for pursuing full time Masters Program in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding at Agricultural College, Bapatla, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University Andhra Pradesh is acknowledged.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

REFERENCES


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