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Research Article

Agricultural Science Digest, volume 41 issue 3 (september 2021) : 464-467

Soil Test Based Fertilizers Application for Targeted Yield of Soybean (Glycin max L.) in Saurashtra Region of Gujarat

H.L. Sakarvadia1,*, L.C. Vekaria1, H.P. Ponkia1, A.S. Jadeja1, D.V. Parakhia1
1Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh-362 001, Gujarat, India.
Cite article:- Sakarvadia H.L., Vekaria L.C., Ponkia H.P., Jadeja A.S., Parakhia D.V. (2021). Soil Test Based Fertilizers Application for Targeted Yield of Soybean (Glycin max L.) in Saurashtra Region of Gujarat . Agricultural Science Digest. 41(3): 464-467. doi: 10.18805/ag.D-5214.

ABSTRACT

Background: Soil test based application of plant nutrients helps to realize higher response ratio and benefit: cost ratio as the nutrients are applied in proportion to the magnitude of the deficiency of a particular nutrient and the correction of the nutrients imbalance in soil helps to harness the synergistic effects of balanced fertilization

Methods: Soil test crop response correlation studies were conducted to formulate the fertilizer adjustment equations for soybean (Var. GS-3) under integrated plant nutrition system on medium black calcareous soils during year 2016 and 2017 in kharif season following Ramamoorthy’s inductive-cum-targeted yield approach.

Result: The nutrients requirement for producing one quintal of soybean was 5.65, 0.91 and 2.53 kg of N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively in presence of FYM (indicate dose). The per cent contributions from soil and fertilizer nutrients were found to be 35.03 and 74.5 for nitrogen, 55.13 and 27.6 for phosphorus and 10.36 and 51.6 per cent for potassium with FYM, Similarly, the per cent contribution of fertilizers was 65.25 for nitrogen, 22.49 for phosphorus and 43.89 for potassium without FYM. The per cent nutrient contribution of FYM was 28.27 for nitrogen, 4.97 for phosphorus and 10.48 for potassium.

INTRODUCTION

Fertilizer is one of the costliest inputs in agriculture and the right amount of fertilizer is fundamental for farm profitability and environmental protection. To enhance farm profitability under different soil-climate conditions, it is necessary to have information on optimum doses for crops. Traditionally, to determine the optimum fertilizer doses of most appropriate method is to apply fertilizer on the basis of soil test and crop response studies. Among the various approaches, the targeted yield approach (Troug, 1960 and Ramamoorthy et al., 1967) has been found popularity in India. Subsequently in India the quantitative refinements in the fertilizer recommendations based on the soil and plant analysis were made (1967-68) through the All India Coordinated Research Project for investigation on soil test crop response correlation (STCRC). Targeted yield concept is based on quantitative idea of the fertilizer needs based on yield and nutritional requirement of the crop, per cent contribution of the soil available nutrient and that of the applied fertilizer (Regar and Singh, 2014). This method not only estimates soil test based fertilizer dose but also the level as yield that farmer can achieve with that particular dose.
 
Soybean oil is the leading vegetable oil in the world and is used in many industrial applications including biodiesel. In India, the annual soybean production was 11.99 million tonnes with its area of 12.20 million hectares (Mha). Madhya Pradesh is known as the soybean bowl of India, contributing 59% of the country’s soybean production, followed by Maharashtra with 29% and Rajasthan with a 6%. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat and other states of India also produce the soybean in small quantities. Hence, the present study was under taken to develop balanced fertilizer schedule with or without FYM for desired yield targets of soybean in medium black calcareous soil.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A soil test crop response correlation study on soybean (var. GS-3) was conducted during kharif season during 2016 and 2017 on medium black calcareous soil at Main Oilseed Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The inductive-cum-fertility gradient approach of Ramamoorthy et al., (1967) was followed for conducting the experiment. Three fertility gradients were created by dividing the experimental field into three equal strips which were fertilized with N0P0K0, N1P1K1 and N2P2K2 levels. These fertility gradients were fertilized as L0: no N, P2O5 and K2O, L1: 80-40-40 kg ha-1 and L2: 160 - 80-80 kg ha-1, N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively. Maize as an exhaustive crop was grown so that the fertilizers could undergo transformations in the soil with plant and microbial agencies. By growing the exhaustive crop the operational range of soil fertility was created in the fertility strips which was evaluated in terms of variations in fodder yield, uptake and soil test values. After the harvest of exhaust crop, the main experiment on soybean was conducted. Each strip was divided into 15 equal size plots. Twelve selected fertilizer treatment (N0P60K60, N60P90K0, N30P90K0, N30P60K60, N90P90K60, N90P60K30, N60P0K60, N0P90K30, N60P30K30, N30P60K0, N30P0K60 and N90P30K0) comprising different combinations of four levels of N (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1), four levels of P2O5 (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) and three levels of K2O (0, 30 and 60 kg ha-1) were randomly distributed in each strip along with the three control (N0P0K0) plots. The FYM levels (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1) were imposed across each fertility gradient strips. The initial soil samples before sowing of soybean were collected and analyzed for KMnO4-N (Subbiah and Asija 1956), Olsen-P (Olsen et al., 1954) and neutral normal NH4OAc-K (Hanway and Heidal 1952).
 
The plot wise yield of soybean seed and fodder were recorded. Plant samples (soybean seed and stalk) from each plot were analyzed for total N, P and K content (Piper 1966) and total uptake was computed. Using the data on soybean seed yield, nutrient uptake, initial soil available nutrients and fertilizer dose applied, the basic parameters viz., nutrient requirement (kg q-1), contribution of nutrients from soil (Cs), contribution of fertilizer nutrients in absence (Cfa) and presence (Cfp) of FYM and contribution of nutrients from FYM were estimated as described by Ramamoorthy et al., (1967).
 
 

 
 
 

 



 
 
 


Fertilizer dose= [(NR/% CF) ×100´T (q ha-1)] - [(% CS/% CF) × Soil test values (kg ha-1)]
 
 
These parameters were used for the formulation of fertilizer adjustment equation for deriving fertilizer doses and the soil test based fertilizer recommendations were prescribed in the form of ready reckoner for desired yield targets of soybean under NPK alone as well as with FYM.
 
General recommendation dose of fertilizer and soil test crop response (STCR) for 15, 18, 20 and 22 q ha-1 targeted yield in soybean (var. GS 3) were taken on 15 farmers’ field. The targeted yield of crop was decided as per yield potential of varieties. Pre sowing soil samples were analyzed according to the standard procedures. Quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were calculated with the help of fertilizer adjustment equations.

REFERENCES


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  2. Hanway, J.J. and Heidal, H. (1952). Soil analysis methods used in Iowa State College of Soil Testing Laboratory. Iowa State College of Agriculture Bulletin. 57: 1-31.

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  4. Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanbe, F.S. and Dean, L. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soil by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. United State Department of Agriculture Circular. 939.

  5. Parmar, K.B., Polara, K.B., Sakarvadia, H.L. and Babariya, N.B. (2009). Soil test based fertilizer requirement for specific yield targets of castor in Vertic Ustocrepts. Asian Journal of Soil Science. 4: 58-60.

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