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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 31 issue 4 (december 2011) : 247 - 253

EFFECT OF SALT STRESS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL, GROWTH AND YIELD VARIABLES OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)

N
N.M.Yadav
D
D.L.Bagdi
B
B.L.Kakralya
1Department of Plant Physiology, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner-303 329, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- N.M.Yadav, D.L.Bagdi, B.L.Kakralya (2025). EFFECT OF SALT STRESS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL, GROWTH AND YIELD VARIABLES OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.). Agricultural Science Digest. 31(4): 247 - 253. doi: .

ABSTRACT

A field experiment was conducted to study the harmful effect of salinity on physiological, biochemical traits, growth and yield of wheat genotypes namely, Raj-3077, Raj-3765 (salt tolerant) and Raj-1482, PBW-502 (salt susceptible), were grown in cemented pots under different levels of salinity (0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dSm-1) at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and anthesis stage. Salinity was found to decrease significantly the photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, relative water content, chlorophyll content, osmotic potential, soluble sugar content, plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, number of grains, total number of tillers/plant,  test weight, fresh, and dry weight,  grain yield, biological yield, and K+ content in grain  with an increase in proline content, membrane injury, Na+ content in grain in all the genotypes .The genotypic variations pertaining to these observations were also found significant. The magnitude of decrease in these parameters under salinity was different at different stages of observation. However, the trend was almost similar at all the stages. Salinity tolerant genotypes show a lesser decline in these variables except proline, membrane injury, and Na+ content when compared to salinity susceptible cultivars. Genotype Raj-3077, Raj-3765 was recorded to having the highest value of all these parameters than Raj-1482, PBW-502 except osmotic potential, the value of which was seen highest in PBW-502. The maximum decline in these parameters was recorded at the salinity level of 8.0 dSm-1.

REFERENCES

  1. Arnon, D.I.(1949).Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts.Polyphenol oxidase in Beta Vulgaris .Plant Physiol.,24:1-15.
  2. Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. and Teare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soils, 34 : 205-207.
  3. Dubey,A.K., Srivastava, M., Singh,A.K. and Pandey,R.N.(2009).Growth and physiological response of salt sensitive and salt tolerant root stocks of citrus to paclobutrazol under salt stress. Indian J. Agril.Sci., 79:595-9.
  4. Dubois, M., Gilles, K., Heniton, J.K., Robers, P.A. and Smith, F. (1951). A colorimetric method for the determination of sugars. Nature, 56 :168-167.
  5. Flowers,T.J.,Troke,P.F.and Yeo,A.R.(1977).The mechanism of salt tolerance in halophytes, Ann.Rev.Plant Physiol.,28:89-121.
  6. Govil,C.M.(1985).Stomatal response of chlorocholine chloride and I3AA in Commelina communis L. proc. IndianAacad. Sci., 95:160-172.
  7. Greenway,H.and Munns,R.(1980).Mechanism of salt tolerance in non- halophytes. Annu.Rev.Plant Physiol., 31:149-150.
  8. Gupta, N.K., Gupta, S. and Kumar, A. (2001). Effect of water stress on physiological attributes and their relationship with growth and yield of wheat genotypes at different stages. J.l of Agrono. Crop Sci., 186 : 55-62.
  9. Gupta, N.K., Meena, S.K., Sunita Gupta and Khandelwal, S.K. (2002). Photosynthesis, membrane permeability and ion uptake in two species of Indian jujube differing in salt tolerance. Photosynthetica, 40 : 555-539.
  10. Janardhan, K.V., Murthy, A.S.P., Giriraj, K. and Panchak sharaiah, S. (1975). A rapid method for determination of osmotic potential of plant cell sap. Curr. Sci., 44: 390-94.
  11. Krischbaun, M.U.F. (1987). Water stress in Eucalyptus panciflori. Comparison of effect on stomatal conductance with effects of the mesophyll capacity for photosynthesis and investigation of a possible involvement of photo inhibition. Planta, 171:466-473.
  12. Morgan, J.M. (1984). Osmoregulation and water stress in higher plants. Ann Revised Plant Physiol., 35 : 399-314.
  13. Munns. R. (1990). Why measure osmotic adjustment? Austra. J. of Plant Physio., 15 : 717-726.
  14. Munns, R., Greenway, A., Delane, R. and Gibba, J. (1982). Ion concentration and carbohydrate status of the elongating leaf tissue of Hordeum vulgare growing at higher internal NaCl-II Cause of the growth reduction. J. Exp. Bot., 33 : 574-580.
  15. Narayana,K.C. and Rao,C.G.P.(1987).Effect of salinity on seed germination and early seedling growth of Cajanus cajan .IndianBot.Soc.,68:451- 452.
  16. Pasternak, D. (1987).Salt tolerance and crop production. A comprehensive approach.Ann.Rev.Phytopathol., 25:271-291.
  17. Price, A.H., Tayler, A., Ripley, S.J., Griffete, A., Trewavas, A.T. and Knight, M.R. (1994). Oxidative signals in tobacco increase cytosolic calcium. Plant Cell, 6 : 1301-1310.
  18. Reddy,M.P.and Vora,A.B.(1986).Salinity induces changes in pigment composition and chlorophyllase activity of wheat. Indian J.plant physiol.,29:222-227.
  19. Rottenberg, H. (1997). Proton and ion transport across the thylakoid membranes. Photosynthesis I. Encyl. Plant Physiology, 5: 338-349
  20. Sairam, R.K., Chandrasekhar, V. and Srivastava, G.C. (2001). Comparison of haploid and tetraploid wheat cultivar and their response to water stress. Biological Plantarum, 44 : 89-94.
  21. Slavik, B. (1994).Methods of Studying Plant Water Relations. Springer Berlin, New York.
  22. Sullivan, C. Y. (1972). Mechanism of heat and drought resistance in sorghum and method of measurement. In: Sorghum in Seventies. IBH Pub. Co., New Delhi, pp. 247-269.
  23. Walters, R.G. (1991). Resolution of components on photochemical chlonophyll fluorescence quenching. Photosynth Respectively, 27:121-133.
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    volume 31 issue 4 (december 2011) : 247 - 253

    EFFECT OF SALT STRESS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL, GROWTH AND YIELD VARIABLES OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)

    N
    N.M.Yadav
    D
    D.L.Bagdi
    B
    B.L.Kakralya
    1Department of Plant Physiology, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner-303 329, India

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- N.M.Yadav, D.L.Bagdi, B.L.Kakralya (2025). EFFECT OF SALT STRESS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL, GROWTH AND YIELD VARIABLES OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.). Agricultural Science Digest. 31(4): 247 - 253. doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    A field experiment was conducted to study the harmful effect of salinity on physiological, biochemical traits, growth and yield of wheat genotypes namely, Raj-3077, Raj-3765 (salt tolerant) and Raj-1482, PBW-502 (salt susceptible), were grown in cemented pots under different levels of salinity (0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dSm-1) at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and anthesis stage. Salinity was found to decrease significantly the photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, relative water content, chlorophyll content, osmotic potential, soluble sugar content, plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, number of grains, total number of tillers/plant,  test weight, fresh, and dry weight,  grain yield, biological yield, and K+ content in grain  with an increase in proline content, membrane injury, Na+ content in grain in all the genotypes .The genotypic variations pertaining to these observations were also found significant. The magnitude of decrease in these parameters under salinity was different at different stages of observation. However, the trend was almost similar at all the stages. Salinity tolerant genotypes show a lesser decline in these variables except proline, membrane injury, and Na+ content when compared to salinity susceptible cultivars. Genotype Raj-3077, Raj-3765 was recorded to having the highest value of all these parameters than Raj-1482, PBW-502 except osmotic potential, the value of which was seen highest in PBW-502. The maximum decline in these parameters was recorded at the salinity level of 8.0 dSm-1.

    REFERENCES

    1. Arnon, D.I.(1949).Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts.Polyphenol oxidase in Beta Vulgaris .Plant Physiol.,24:1-15.
    2. Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. and Teare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soils, 34 : 205-207.
    3. Dubey,A.K., Srivastava, M., Singh,A.K. and Pandey,R.N.(2009).Growth and physiological response of salt sensitive and salt tolerant root stocks of citrus to paclobutrazol under salt stress. Indian J. Agril.Sci., 79:595-9.
    4. Dubois, M., Gilles, K., Heniton, J.K., Robers, P.A. and Smith, F. (1951). A colorimetric method for the determination of sugars. Nature, 56 :168-167.
    5. Flowers,T.J.,Troke,P.F.and Yeo,A.R.(1977).The mechanism of salt tolerance in halophytes, Ann.Rev.Plant Physiol.,28:89-121.
    6. Govil,C.M.(1985).Stomatal response of chlorocholine chloride and I3AA in Commelina communis L. proc. IndianAacad. Sci., 95:160-172.
    7. Greenway,H.and Munns,R.(1980).Mechanism of salt tolerance in non- halophytes. Annu.Rev.Plant Physiol., 31:149-150.
    8. Gupta, N.K., Gupta, S. and Kumar, A. (2001). Effect of water stress on physiological attributes and their relationship with growth and yield of wheat genotypes at different stages. J.l of Agrono. Crop Sci., 186 : 55-62.
    9. Gupta, N.K., Meena, S.K., Sunita Gupta and Khandelwal, S.K. (2002). Photosynthesis, membrane permeability and ion uptake in two species of Indian jujube differing in salt tolerance. Photosynthetica, 40 : 555-539.
    10. Janardhan, K.V., Murthy, A.S.P., Giriraj, K. and Panchak sharaiah, S. (1975). A rapid method for determination of osmotic potential of plant cell sap. Curr. Sci., 44: 390-94.
    11. Krischbaun, M.U.F. (1987). Water stress in Eucalyptus panciflori. Comparison of effect on stomatal conductance with effects of the mesophyll capacity for photosynthesis and investigation of a possible involvement of photo inhibition. Planta, 171:466-473.
    12. Morgan, J.M. (1984). Osmoregulation and water stress in higher plants. Ann Revised Plant Physiol., 35 : 399-314.
    13. Munns. R. (1990). Why measure osmotic adjustment? Austra. J. of Plant Physio., 15 : 717-726.
    14. Munns, R., Greenway, A., Delane, R. and Gibba, J. (1982). Ion concentration and carbohydrate status of the elongating leaf tissue of Hordeum vulgare growing at higher internal NaCl-II Cause of the growth reduction. J. Exp. Bot., 33 : 574-580.
    15. Narayana,K.C. and Rao,C.G.P.(1987).Effect of salinity on seed germination and early seedling growth of Cajanus cajan .IndianBot.Soc.,68:451- 452.
    16. Pasternak, D. (1987).Salt tolerance and crop production. A comprehensive approach.Ann.Rev.Phytopathol., 25:271-291.
    17. Price, A.H., Tayler, A., Ripley, S.J., Griffete, A., Trewavas, A.T. and Knight, M.R. (1994). Oxidative signals in tobacco increase cytosolic calcium. Plant Cell, 6 : 1301-1310.
    18. Reddy,M.P.and Vora,A.B.(1986).Salinity induces changes in pigment composition and chlorophyllase activity of wheat. Indian J.plant physiol.,29:222-227.
    19. Rottenberg, H. (1997). Proton and ion transport across the thylakoid membranes. Photosynthesis I. Encyl. Plant Physiology, 5: 338-349
    20. Sairam, R.K., Chandrasekhar, V. and Srivastava, G.C. (2001). Comparison of haploid and tetraploid wheat cultivar and their response to water stress. Biological Plantarum, 44 : 89-94.
    21. Slavik, B. (1994).Methods of Studying Plant Water Relations. Springer Berlin, New York.
    22. Sullivan, C. Y. (1972). Mechanism of heat and drought resistance in sorghum and method of measurement. In: Sorghum in Seventies. IBH Pub. Co., New Delhi, pp. 247-269.
    23. Walters, R.G. (1991). Resolution of components on photochemical chlonophyll fluorescence quenching. Photosynth Respectively, 27:121-133.
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