Banner
Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive
Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 34 issue 3 (september 2013) : 176-187,   Doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0741.34.3.002

HOST PLANT RESISTANCE TO INSECT PESTS OF GRAIN LEGUMES - A REVIEW

R
R.P. Soundararajan*
N
N. Chitra
S
S. Geetha
1National Pulses Research Centre Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Pudukottai - 622 303, India
Cite article:- Soundararajan* R.P., Chitra N., Geetha S. (2025). HOST PLANT RESISTANCE TO INSECT PESTS OF GRAIN LEGUMES - A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 34(3): 176-187. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-0741.34.3.002.

ABSTRACT

Grain legumes are important source of dietary protein in tropical region and insect pests cause considerable damage to these crops. Development of resistant varieties in legume crops is an important component in integrated pest management strategies. Though insecticides are effective against sucking pests and pod borer complex, development of insecticide resistance, residues in short duration crop produces and environment hazards demand alternative eco safe method of management. The chapter reviews the development and studies on host plant resistance in major grain legumes against pod borer complex Maruca vitrata, Helicoverpa armigera, etc. and major sucking pests. The mechanisms of resistance, factors responsible for the resistance are discussed in this paper.

REFERENCES

  1. Bhagwat, V.R., Aherker, S.K., Satpute, V.S. and Thakre, H.S. (1995). Screening of chieckpea (Cicer arientinum L.) genotypes for resistance to Helicoverpa armigera (Hb.) and its relationship with malic acid in leaf exudates. J.Entomol.Res.,19: 249-253.
  2. Chavan, A.P., Patil, S.K., Deshmukh, G.P., Pawar, K.B., Brahmane R.O. and Harar, P.N. (2009). Sources of resistance to pigeonpea pod borers. International Conference on Grain Legumes: Quality improvement, value addition and Trade, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, February 14-16, 2009, pp.256-257.
  3. Chhabra, K.S. and Kooner, B.S. (1993). Response of some promising mungbean genotypes towards whitefly, jassids and mungbean yellow mosaic virus. J. Insect Sci., 6 (2): 215-218.
  4. Chhabra, K.S. and Kooner, B.S. (1994). Reaction of certain summer mungbean genotypes towards thrips, Megalurothrips distalis (Karny). Indian J. Agric. Res., 28: 251-254.
  5. Chhabra, K.S., Sharma, A.K., Saxena, A.K. and Kooner, B.S. (1990). Sources of resistance in chieckpea; role of biochemical components of the incidence of gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). Indian J. Entomol., 52: 423-430.
  6. Chiang, H.S. and Singh, S.R. (1988). Pod hairs as a factor in Vigna vaxillata resistance to the pod sucking bug, Clavigralla tomentosicollis. Entomol. Exp. Applic., 47: 195-199.
  7. Clement, S.L., Sharaf El-Din, N., Weigand, S. and Lateef, S.S. (1994). Research achievement in plant resistance to insect pests of cool season food legumes. Euphytica, 73: 41-50.
  8. Dabrowski, Z. T., Bungu, D.O.M. and Ochieng, R.S. (1983). Studies on the legume pod-borer, Maruca testulalis (Geyer) – 3. Methods used in cowpea screening for resistance. Insect Sci. Appl., 4: 141-145.
  9. Dawoodi, J.T., Parsana, G.J., Jethva, D.M. and Virani, V.R. (2010). Screening of blackgram varieties for resistance against pink pod borer, Cydia ptychora (Meyrick). Legume Res., 33:54-56.
  10. Dawoodi, J.T., Parsana, G.J., Jethva, D.M. and Virani, V.R. (2009). Seasonal incidence of pink pod borer, Cydia ptychora (Meyrick). in blackgram. Insect Environ., 15: 137-138.
  11. Durairaj, C., Sharma, H.C., Kalaimagal, T. and Ravikesavan, R. (2009). A record on the insect pests of wild relatives of pigeonpea, mungbean and urdbean. J. Food legumes 22 (2): 146-148.
  12. Dilawari, V.K. and Dhaliwal, G.S. (1993). Host plant resistance to insects: Novel concepts. In: Advances in Host Plant Resistance to Insects (Eds., G.S. Dhaliwal and V.K. Dilawari). Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India, pp.394- 421.
  13. Dodia, D.A., Patel, A.J., Patel, I.S., Dhulia, F.K. and Tikka, S.B.S. (1996). Antibiotic effect of pigeonpea wild relatives on Helicopverpa armigera. Int. Chickpea & Pigeonpea Newslett., 3: 100-101.
  14. Dreyer, H., Baumgartner, J. and Tamo, M. (1994). Seed damaging field pests of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (Walp) in Benin: occurrence and pest status. Int. J. Trop. Pest Manage., 40: 252-260.
  15. Echendu, T.N.C. and Akingbohungbe, A.E. (1989). The larval population and plant growth phase for screening cowpea for resistance to Maruca testulalis (Geyer) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Nigeria based on flower, pods and yield loss. Trop. Pest Manage., 35: 173-175.
  16. Gaur, P.M., Mallikarjuna, N., Knights, T., Beebe, S., Malhotra, R.S., Imtiaz, M., Sarker, A., Tripathi, S. and Gowda, C.L.L. (2009). Gene introgression in grain legumes from wild relatives. International Conference on Grain Legumes: Quality improvement, value addition and Trade, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, February 14-16, 2009, pp. 14-15.
  17. Gethi, M., Omolo, E.O. and Mueke, J.M. (1993). The effect of intercropping on relative resistance and susceptibility of cowpea cultivars to Maruca testulalis Geyer when in mono and when intercropped with maize. Insect Sci. Applic., 14: 305-313.
  18. Giri, A.P. and Kachole, M.S. (1998). Amylase inhibitors of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) seeds. Phytochemistry, 47: 197- 202.
  19. Green, P.W.C., Stevenson, P.C., Simmonds, M.S.J. and Sharma, H.C. (2002a). Can larvae of the pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), select between wild and cultivated pigeonpea [(Cajan sp. (Fabaceae)]? Bull. Entomol. Res., 92: 45-51.
  20. Green, P.W.C., Stevenson, P.C., Simmonds, M.S.J. and Sharma, H.C. (2002b). Phenolic compounds on the pods surface of pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan, mediate feeding behavior of Helicoverpa armigera larvae. Chemical Ecology, 29: 81-82.
  21. Hameed, S.E. and Durbey, S.L. (1983). Losses due to insect pests in north Bihar. In: Crop losses due to insect pests. Special issue V. Indian J. Entomol., 45:136-146.
  22. Harsulkar, A.M., Giri, A.P., Patankar, A.G., Gupta, V.S., Sainani, M.N., Ranjekar, P.K. and Deshpande, V.V. (1999). Successive use of non-host plant proteinase inhibitors required for effective inhibition of Helicoverpa armigera gut proteinases and larval growth. Pl. Physiol., 121: 497-506.
  23. Horber, E. (1978). Resistance of pests of grain legumes in the U.S.A. In: Pests of grain legumes: Ecology and Control [S.R.Singh, Emden van and J.A. Taylor (eds)], Academic Press, London, UK., pp. 281-295.
  24. Jackai, L.E.N. (1981). Relationship between cowpea crop phenology and field infestation by the legume pod borer,Maruca testulalis. Annals Entomol. Soc. America, 74: 402-408.
  25. Jackai, L.E.N. (1982). A field screening technique for resistance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) to the pod borer Maruca testulalis (Geyer) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bull. Entomol. Res., 72: 145-156.
  26. Jackai, L.E.N. (1991). Laboratory and screen house assays for evaluating cowpea resistance to the legume pod borer. Crop Prot., 10: 48-52.
  27. Jackai, L.E.N. and Oghiakhe, S. (1989). Pod wall trichomes and resistance of two wild cowpea, Vigna vaxillata, accessions to Maruca testulalis (Geyer) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal (Demiptera: Coreidae). Bull. Entomol. Res.,79: 595-605.
  28. Jackai, L.E.N., Padulosi, S. and Ng, Q. (1996). Resistance to the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fab. and the probable modalities involved in wild Vigna. Crop Prot., 15: 753-761.
  29. Jayadeep, H. and Srinivasan, S. (2007). Biochemical basis of resistance against Maruca vitrata (Geyer) in urdbean. Ann. Plant Prot. Sci., 15: 287-290.
  30. Kogan, M. (1982). Plant resistance in pest management. In: Introduction to Insect Pest Management (Eds.) R.H. Metcalf and W.H. Luckmann, Science Wiley and Sons, New York, USA, pp. 93-134.
  31. Kooner, B.S. and Harpeet, K, C. (2006). Screening of mungbean germplasm against whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) and mungbean yellow mosaic virus. ISHS Acta Horticulturae, 752: 112-118.
  32. Lal, S.S. (1990). Insect pests of mung, urid, cowpea and pea and their management. In: Plant Protection in Field Crops. [M. Veerabhadra Rao and S. Sithanantham (Eds.)]. Plant Protection Association of India, Hyderabad, pp. 185-201.
  33. Lateef, S.S. and Reed, W. (1981). Development of methodology for open field screening for insect resistance in pigeonpea. In: Proceedings of International Workshop on Pigeonpea, 15-19 December 1980, Volume 2, ICRISAT, Andhra Pradesh, pp. 315-322.
  34. Macfoy, C.A., Dabrowski, Z.T. and Okech,S. (1983). Studies on the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis (Geyer) – 4. Cowpea resistance to oviposition and larval feeding. Insect Sci. Applic., 4: 147-152.
  35. Mallikarjuna, J., Ashok Kumar, C.T. and Roshmi, M.A. (2009). Studies on relationship of morphological characters with pod borer damage in Dolichos bean, Lablab purpureas L. Insect Environ., 15: 108-109.
  36. Marimuthu, T.S., Subramanian, C.L. and Mohan, R. (1981). Assessment of yield losses due to yellow mosaic infection in mungbean. Pulse Crops Newslett., 1: 104.
  37. Masood Khan Khattak, Shafqat Ali and Jamshed Iqbal Chishti (2004). Varietal Resistance of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) against whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.), jassid (Amrasca devastans Dist.) and thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.). Pak. Entomologist, 26: 9-12.
  38. Nanda, U.K., Sasmal, A. and Mohanty, S.K. (1996). Varietal reaction of pigeonpea to pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and modalities of resistance. Curr. Agric. Res., 9: 107-111.
  39. Naqvi, S.H., Talpur, M.A., Rustamani, M.A., Khan, M.M. and Hussain, T. (1995). Relative resistance of mungbean, Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek, varieties to whitefly and yellow mosaic virus. Proceeding XIV Pal. Cong. Zool. 15- 17 April, Islamabad, Pakistan, 15: 247-251.
  40. Nitharwal, M. Kumawar, K.C., Jat, S.L. and Meenu (2009). Assessment of yield losses inflicted by sucking insect pests in greengram Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek in semi arid regions of Rajesthan. Insect Environ., 15: 109-110.
  41. Oghaikhe, S. (1995). Effect of pubescence in cowpea resistance to the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis (Lepdioptera: Pyralidae). Crop Prot., 14: 379-387.
  42. Oghiakhe, S. Jackai, L.E.N. and Makanjuola, W.A. (1991). Cowpea plant architecture in relation to infestation and damage by the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis (Geyer) (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) 1. Effect of canopy structure and pod position. Insect Sci. Applic., 12: 193-199.
  43. Oghiakhe, S. Jackai, L. E.N. and Makanjuola, W.A (1992a). A rapid visual field screening technique for resistance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) to the legume pod borer Maruca testulalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bull. Entomol. Res., 82: 507-512.
  44. Oghiakhe, S., Jackai, L.E.N. and Makanjuola, W.A (1992b). Cowpea plant architecture in relation to infestation and damage by legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis (Geyer) (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae). 2. Effect of pod angle. Insect Sci. Applic., 13: 339-344.
  45. Oghiakhe, S. Jackai, L. E.N. and Makanjuola, W.A (1992c). Cowpea plant architecture in relation to infestation and damage by legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis (Geyer) (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae). 3. Effect of plant growth habit. Insect Sci. Applic., 14: 199-203.
  46. Oghiakhe, S., Makanjuola, W.A. and Jackai, L. E.N. (1993). The relationship between the concentration of phenol in cowpea and field resistance to the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis (Geyer) (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae). Int. J. Trop. Pest Manage., 39: 261-264.
  47. Oghiakhe, S. and Odulaja, A. (1993). A multivariate analysis of growth and development parameters of the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis on variably resistant cowpea cultivars. Entomol. Exp. Applic., 66: 275-282.
  48. Ogunwolu, E.O. (1990). Damage to cowpea by the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis Geyer as influenced by infestation density in Nigeria. Trop. Pest Manage., 36: 138-140.
  49. Ohno, K. and Alam, M.Z. (1989). Ecological studies on cowpea borers. I. Evaluation of yield loss of cowpea due to the pod borers. In: Annual Research Reviews, 29 Jun 1989, Institute of Post graduate Studies in Agriculture, Salna, Bangladesh.
  50. Okech, S.O.H. and Saxena, K.N. (1990). Responses of Maruca testulalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae to variably resistant cowpea cultivars. Environ. Entomol., 19: 1792-1797.
  51. Oigiangbe, O.N., Jackai, L.E.N., Ewete, F.K. and Lajihe, L. (2006). Bio active fractions of n-hexane extracts from Vigna pod against the legume pod bore, Maruca vitrata Fab. African J. Biotec., 5: 1846-1850.
  52. Otieno, D.A., Hassanali, A. and Nijorogen, P.W. (1985). Chemical basis of TVu 946 stem resistance to Maruca testulalis (Geyer). Insect Sci. Applic., 6: 259-262.
  53. Pantankar, A.G., Harshulkar, A.M., Giri, A.P., Gupta, V.S., Sainani, M.N., Ranjekar, P.K. and Deshpande, V.V. (1999). Diversity in inhibitors of trypsin and Helicoverpa armigera gut proteinases in chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) and its wild relatives. Theoretical Appl. Genet., 99: 719-726.
  54. Patnaik, H.P. and Senapati, B. (1995). Influence of acidity of chickpea leaves on the incidences of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in resistant/susceptible cultivars. J. Entomol. Res., 19: 229-233.
  55. Reddy, A. (2009). Pulses Production technology: Status and way farward. Economic. Politic. Weekly 34 (52): 73-80.
  56. Rembold, H. (1981). Malic acid in chickpea exudates a marker for Heliothis resistance. Int. Chickpea Newslett., 4: 18- 19.
  57. Rembold, H., Wallner, P., Kohne, A., Lateef, S.S., Grune, M. and Weigner, C.H (1990). Mechanisms of host plant resistance with special emphasis on biochemical factors. In: Chickpea in the Nineties: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Chickpea Improvement, 4-8 De. 19898. ICRISAT/ICARDA, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India, pp.191-194.
  58. Romeis, J., Shanower, T.G. and Peter, A.J. (1999). Trichomes of pigeonpea and two wild Cajanus species. Crop Sci.,39: 1-5.
  59. Sahoo, B.K. and Hota, A.K. (1991). Field screening of greengram germplasm agaist insect pest and disease complex. Madras Agri. J., 78 (1-4): 84-86.
  60. Saxena, H.P. (1983). Losses in blackgram due to insect pests. In: Crop lossess due to insect pests. Special issue, Vol II. Indian. J. Entomol., 45: 115-124.
  61. Saxena, K.B., Lateef, S.S., Ariyaratne, H.P., Fenseka, H.H.D. and Dharmasena, C.M.D. (1996). Maruca testulalis damage in determinate and indeterminate lines of pigeonpea. Int. Pigeonpea Newslett., 3: 91-93.
  62. Shanower, K.A., Yoshida, M. and Peter, A.J. (1997). Survival, growth, fecundity and behavior of Helicovpera armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on pigeonpea and two wild Cajanus species. J. Eco. Entomol., 90: 837-841.
  63. Sharma, H.C. (1998). Bionomics, host plant resistance and management of the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata - a review. Crop Protec., 17: 373-386.
  64. Sharma, H.C. and Crouch, J.H. (2004). Molecular marker assisted selection: A Novel approach for host plant resistance to insects in grain legumes. In: Pulses in New Perspective. (Eds) Masood Ali, Singh, B.B., Shiv Kumar, Vishwa Dhar. Indian Society of Pulses Research and Development, Kanpur, pp.147-173.
  65. Sharma, H.C. and Norris, D.M. (1991). Chemical basis of resistance in soybean to cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni. J. Sci. Food Agri., 55: 353-364.
  66. Sharma, H.C., Ahmed, R., Ujagir, R., Yadav, R.P., Singh, R. and Ridsdill-Smith, T.J. (2003). Host Plant Resistance to cotton bollworm/legume pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera. In: Strategies for Helicoverpa Management: Prospects and Problems (Ed. H.C. Sharma), Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
  67. Sharma, H.C., Mann, K., Kashyap, S.L., Pampapathy, G. and Ridsdill-Smith, J. (2002b). Identification of Helicoverpa resistance in wild species of chickpea. In: Plant Breeding for the 11th Millennium: Proceedings of the 12th Australian Plant Breeding Conference (Ed. J.a. McComb), 15-20 September 2002, Australian Plant Breeding Inc., Perth, Australia.
  68. Simmonds, M.S.J. and Stevenson, P.C. (2001). Effects of isflavonoids from Cicer on larvae of Helicoverpa armigera. J. Chemical Ecol., 27: 965-977.
  69. Singh, S.R. (1978). Resistance to pests of cowpea in Nigeria. In: Pests of Grain Legumes: Ecology and Control. Ed. S.R.Singh, H.F. van Emden and T.A. Taylor, Academic Press, London, pp. 267-279.
  70. Singh, K.B. and Ocampo, B. (1997). Exploitation of wild Cicer species for yield improvement in chickpea. Theoretical Appl. Genet., 95: 418-423.
  71. Singh, S.R. and Allen, D.R. (1980). Pests, diseases, resistance and protection in cowpea. In: Advances in Legume Science. (Eds). R.J. Summerfield and A.H. Bunting, HMSO, London, pp.419-443.
  72. Singh, S.R. and Jackai, L.E.N. (1988). The legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis (Geyer): past, present and future research. Insect Sci. Applic., 9: 1-5.
  73. Singh, P.S., Laxminarayana, S., Misra, D.S. and Ram keval (2009). Studying the antibiosis mechanism of resistance in some greengram against whitefly (Bemisia tabaci G.) In: International Conference on Grain legume: Quality improvement, value addition and trade, Indian Institute Pulses Research, Kanpur, India, February 14-16, 2009, pp.322-323.
  74. Sonune, V.R., Bharodia, R.K., Jethva, D.M. and Dabhade, P.L. (2010). Seasonal incidence of spotted pod borer, Maruca testulalis (Geyer) in blackgram. Legume Res., 33: 14-17.
  75. Soundararajan, R.P. and Chitra, N. (2011). Effect of bioinoculants on sucking pests and pod borer complex in urdbean. J. Biopesticide 4 (1); 7-11.
  76. Soundararajan, R.P., Chitra, N. and Ramasamy, M. (2010). Host Plant Resistance to insect pests of Urdbean and Mungbean. In: National Workshop on Paradigm shifts in Research on Crop Resistance to Pests, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, March 4-5th 2010, pp. 57-58.
  77. Soundararajan, R.P., Chitra, N. and Ramamoorthi, N. (2009). Evaluation of Non-chemical methods for the management of Insect Pests in Urdbean. In: National Symposium on “Non-Chemical Insect Pest Management” at Loyola College, Chennai on February 5&6, 2009, pp. 30.
  78. Srivastava, C.P. and Srivastava, R.P. (1989). Screening for resistance to gram pod borer, Heliothis armigera (Hubner), in chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) genotypes and observations on its mechanism of resistance in India. Insect Sci. Applic., 10: 255-258.
  79. Srivastava, C.P. and Srivastava, R.P. (1990). Antibiosis in chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) to gram pod borer, Heliothis armigera (Hubner) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) in India. Entomon, 15: 89-93.
  80. Suh, J.B. and Simbi, C.O. (1983). Studies on the legume pod borer Maruca testulalis (Geyer) – VIII. Cowpea phenology and yield loss assessment: effect of loss of leaves, shoots, flowers and pods on cowpea yield in Western Kenya. Insect Sci. Applic., 4: 89-96.
  81. Sunitha, V., Ranga Rao, G.V., Vijaya Lakshmi, K., Saxena, K.B., Rameshwar Rao, V. and Reddy, Y.V.R. (2008). Morphological and biochemical factors associated with resistance to Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in short duration pigeonpea. Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci., 28: 45-52.
  82. Taylor, T.A. (1967). The bionomics of Maruca testulalis Gey. (Lepdioptera: Pyralidae) a minor pest of cowpea in Nigeria. J. West Africa Sci. Assoc., 12: 111-129.
  83. Tripathi, R.K., and Purohit, M.L. (1983). Pest damage on pigeonpea in relation to pod size and colour. Legume Res., 6: 103-104.
  84. Ujagir, R. and Khare, B.P. (1988). Susceptibility of chickpea cultivars to gram pod borer, Heliothis armigera (Hubner). Indian J. Pl. Protec., 16: 45-49.
  85. Usua, E.J. and Singh, S.R. (1979). Behaviour of cowpea pod borer, Maruca testulalis Geyer. Nigerian J. Entomol., 3: 231-239.
  86. Valdez, P.C. (1989). Host plant resistance in cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp. var. unguiculata, to the pod borer, Maruca testulalis (Geyer) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Philippines University College, Los Banos, Laguna.
  87. Varma, A., Dhar, A.K. and Mandal, B. (1992). MYMV transmission and control in India. In: Mungbean yellow mosaic disease. (Ed.) S.K. Green and D.Kim. Proceeding of an international workshop, 2-3 July 1991, Bangkok, Thailand. AVRDC, Shanhua, Taiwan, Publication No, 92-373, p.8-27.
  88. Wooley, J.N. and Evans, A.M. (1979). Screening for resistance to Maruca testulalis (Geyer) in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). J. Agri. Sci., 92: 417-425.
  89. Yoshida, M., Cowgill, S.E. and Wighman, J.A. (1995). Mechanisms of resistance to Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in chickpea – role of oxalic acid in leaf exudates as an antibiotic factor. J. Eco. Entomol., 88: 1783- 1786.
Published In
Agricultural Reviews
Article Metrics
Metrics Icon
0
Views
Citations
Reviewed By
Share Article
Download Article
In this Article
    Contact us
    Follow us

    Editorial Board

    View all (0)