Prosopis cineraria is a drought unaffected and temperature acceptance (up to 480°C) tree (Fig 1 A) in a deserted area of Rajasthan, India. The desert of India “Thar” lies in the northwest creating around 90% arid region and the state of Rajasthan
(Khandelwal et al., 2015). Universally, it is a tree of southern Asia and western nations
i.e., Pakistan, Afghanistan, Oman, Saudi Arabia and Iran India
(Pareek et al., 2015). The socio-economic advancement of the country is founded on this tree due to appearances
i.e., soil richness, petroleum, wood and use as vegetables for human feeding. Utmost of the people consume its fruit (pods/sangri) in uncooked form while some cook curry from raw pods as well as dry pods. It has green yellowish color while desiccated pods are brown in color and called “Khokha” used by the inhabitants in other seasons. Mala Rathore, 2009, stated that dried pods cover sucrose (13.16%), Protein (9-15%) and Carbohydrate (45-55%). Green leaves of Khejri, are a nutritious food to mammals such as sheep, camels and goats (
Bohra, 2008) whereas wood is a first-rate reason for fuel and firewood, coal has a monetary worth to the poor growers. Maximum excellence of honey found from the Prosopis is due to long and plentiful flowering while great superiority of gum looks like with gum Arabic. Moreover, nourishment is made from the leaves for arenas of agriculture due to fungicidal and insecticidal acts, however, color, tannin and threads remained in the bark of the tree having abortifacient and emetic possessions. It is employed to make drugs normally for eye, membrane and abdominal complications. This tree has an N
2 fixing ability, so it improves the usefulness and physical features of the ground (
Karim and Azlan 2012,
Reju, 2012 and
Singh, 2011). The homeopathic practices of plants in the handling of numerous human disorders are referenced in Ayurveda and other old-style remedial structure
(Girase et al., 2016). It is also used for soil upgrading and dune balance. Plants and their goods were used in medications from the antique eras
(Sachdeva et al., 2014). Lately, the movement of artificial drugs removed to herbal remedies as plants is the model foundation of drugs. In India, about 45000 plant species originate among them some thousand demand to have curative assets
(Garg et al., 2013). Prosopis cineraria tree (Fig 1A) raises in dry and arid areas of Arabia and India Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Gujarat, Western Uttar Pradesh and drier parts of Deccan and spreads as far as South in Tuticorin
(Khatri et al., 2010). The unpolished excerpts of Khejri have well-being assistances in hang-up of sicknesses
i.e., minerals and protein shortfall. State branches are used in fences and poles in the building of homes and other housing while sawn wood is used in the structure of furniture and mat (
Karim and Azlan 2012).
Schultes 1962 stated that ethnobotany is an association present among people of original civilizations and their plant atmosphere. Every plant has its importance with several aspects. Ayurveda drugs system, huge floras dealing with numerous illnesses
i.e., AIDS, Alzheimer’s disease, depression, cancer, diabetes, nervous disorders, leprosy, rheumatism, urinary stone track sicknesses, skin disease, ailments of gastric arrangement, hepatic illnesses, paralysis, and malaria. The WHO evaluated, near 80% of people from the most emerging nations are depending upon herbal medications for main healthiness maintenance
(Gupta et al., 2010). According to a WHO report, many infections of current eras are usually lifestyle illnesses. Homeopathic plants have countless standing in offering health attention to around 80% populace of India. Plants are significant to cause pioneers and utilization of products in diverse businesses such as food, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and cosmetics. Therefore, this study aims to describe the plant, its classifications, phytochemistry and other remedial usages for the population. This is showing the ethnobotanical relationship between trees and human beings.
Fig 1 depicted three segments to be focused is A, B and C. The first section shows the Kandi plant grown naturally in the desert area of the Tharparkar region being captured by authors during the study. It is seen as green at the dune because it can grow in an area with low rainfall. The second section shows the fruit of this plant locally called singri or sangri consumed by local dwellers in the form of raw, cooked as well as dried. B portions show flowering conditions (locally called boor) of trees that usually appear before fruiting.
Taxonomic classification
Kingdom: Planate
Order: Fables
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Prosopis
Species: Cineraria
The general properties of
Khejri/Kandi including the different names used by the researchers as well as local peoples of the area, habit of the tree, biological aspects and other descriptions are given in Table 1.
Plant description
Kumar et al., (2011) found that Kandi is a perpetual tree (Fig 1A), with an open crow, dense and irregular gray stem with bottomless cracks. Height is 6.5 m with cinereous cortex, intermodal prickles and flush leaves appear before summer, later, a small flower with yellow or creamy white presence originates in March-May. Soon after, the fruit set and grow for about 2 months
(Jagruti et al., 2018).
Kandi tree is significant because it not only provide wood but its parts like root, leaves, flower, fruit as well as seed are also contribute food and fodders. Table 2 shows the description of these parts in proper way.
Phytochemistry
Khejri/ Kandi is ironic with elements that are vital in the nutritive opinion of view and remedy countless illnesses. The substances were methyl heptacosanoate, heneicosanoic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, methyl 4-hydroxy cinnamate, methyl 2-methoxy-5 hydroxy cinnamate and O-coumaroyl glycerol
(Khan et al., 2006). Other elements
i.e., Prosogerin C
(Bhardwaj et al., 1979), D
(Bhardwaj et al., 1980) and E, Gallic acid, Patuletin, Patulitrin, Luteolin and Rutina were resolute in seeds
(Gangal et al., 2009; Iches et al., 1973). Moreover, a basis of unsaturated FAs such as Oleic and Linoleic acids.
(Shankaranarayan et al., 1979). These seed compounds initiate as cytotoxic in contradiction to lung carcinoma
(Sharma et al., 1964). While Patuletin glycoside, Patulitrin
(Ferguson et al., 2005), Spicigerine, Sitosterol and Flavone derivatives Prosogerin A and B were found in flowers
(Malik et al., 2007). In addition, 3-benzyl-2-hydroxy urs-12-en-28-oic acid, Linoleic acid, Maslinic acid -3-glucoside, Prosphylline, 5,50-oxy bis 1,3- benzene diol, 3,4,5-tri hydroxy-cinnamic acid, 2-hydroxy ethyl ester and 5,30,40-tri hydroxy flavanone-7-glycoside were reported in dehydrated fruits (Sangri)
(Jewers et al., 1976) whereas, leaves were studied that have steroids comprising Campesterol, Cholesterol, Sitosterol, and stigma sterol. Further, it also contains Actacosanol, Hentriacontane, methyl docosanoate, Di-iso-propyl 10,11-di hydroxyicosane-1, 20-dioate, Tricosan-1-ol and 7,24-Tirucalladien-3-one with piperidine alkaloid spicigerine.
(Robertson et al., 2011; Maideen et al., 2011). On other hand, these mixes have vast optimistic fitness outcomes.
Panda et al., (2009) described that Coumaric and Hydroxy cinnamic byproducts tolerate antioxidant features which prevent stomach cancer while Steroids normalize the cholesterol level in the blood, hinder hypoglycemia and thyroid, also have active antioxidants
(Dharani et al., 2011).
